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All Journal International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Rahimi Baharom
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Advanced gas leakage, fire and power supply failure monitoring system Amirul Asraf Roslan; Rahimi Baharom
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 17, No 1: January 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i1.pp222-227

Abstract

Safety system such as smoke detector and fire alarm are considered to be a counter measure for fire accident. This safety system is important as it acts as a security measure against fire accident which could lead to death and destruction of properties. This paper propose an advanced gas leakage, fire and power supply failure monitoring system with Arduino UNO and GSM Module as its embedded system. Among the features of this system are their ability to detect the presence of smoke, gases and power failure at homes and factories, then the system will send a text message using Short Message Service (SMS) to the registered mobile number via GSM Module informing the user the situation and location of the incident. As a result, the user or person in charge can respond to the emergency situation accordingly and alert the fire departments or relevant authorities in time. This system could help the user to transform the way they protect their property and critical infrastructure. Successful safety and security transformation requires a combination of end user structural and operational changes as well as technology evolution enablement. This is in line with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (known as IR4.0), that propose substantial increase in the deployment of sensors for collecting, processing, and communicating measurement data in real time in order to diverse working environments, thus, resulting in advancement and convergence of technologies.
Development of four quadrant operation of DC to DC converter using single phase matrix converter Rahimi Baharom; Abdul Muin Awang
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 16, No 3: December 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i3.pp1249-1256

Abstract

Single-Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC) is an advanced circuit topology that offer advantages such as the capability to regenerate energy back to the input, sinusoidal input and output current and a manageable input current displacement factor. By considering the opportunity of an advanced SPMC topology, further exploration on DC to DC operation is proposed. The four-quadrant operation of switching algorithm was developed to control the SPMC circuit. The voltage and current profile of each quadrant was investigated to validate the proposed switching control algorithm. As part of four quadrants DC to DC operation, the safe commutation switching algorithm was also developed in order to solve the commutation problem due to the used of an inductive load. The pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques was utilized to synthesize the output of the proposed converter. Results from MATLAB/Simulink are presented to validate the proposed circuit operation.
Optimized resonant capacitor and switching frequency for high-efficiency wireless power transfer in E-bikes using CST Studio Suite Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan Bunyamin; Rahimi Baharom
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 15, No 2: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v15.i2.pp514-524

Abstract

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is increasingly adopted for E-bike charging; however, its performance is often constrained by inaccurate resonant tuning, inefficient capacitor selection, and improper switching-frequency operation, which lead to significant power loss and reduced transfer efficiency. This study addresses these limitations by formulating an optimized design methodology for selecting resonant capacitors and inverter switching frequency to achieve high-efficiency energy transfer. A 40-mm air gap between the transmitter and receiver coils is modeled using CST Studio Suite, where a 3D electromagnetic circuit co-simulation framework is applied to evaluate mutual inductance, resonant behavior, magnetic-field distribution, and S-parameter characteristics. Parametric sweeps combined with a convergence-based optimization algorithm identify the optimal resonant operating point, yielding a peak resonant frequency of 38.1 kHz, a maximum simulated transfer efficiency of 99%, and a deep reflection coefficient of -21.77 dB. The optimized configuration also demonstrates stable voltage and field distribution at resonance, confirming effective impedance matching. The main contributions of this work include: i) establishing a unified EM–circuit optimization workflow for determining resonant capacitance and switching frequency, ii) providing quantitative resonance parameters and performance indicators suitable for compact E-bike WPT systems, and iii) integrating mathematical modelling to validate CST-based predictions and ensure theoretical consistency. The proposed approach significantly enhances design accuracy and efficiency, offering a scalable and high-performance solution for next-generation low-power electric vehicle (EV) and E-bike wireless charging applications.
Modeling and optimization of angular misalignment effects in resonant inductive wireless power transfer for electric vehicle charging Samshul Munir Muhamad; Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan Bunyamin; Rahimi Baharom
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 17, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp394-404

Abstract

This paper presents an enhanced electromagnetic modeling and optimization study on the effects of angular misalignment in resonant inductive wireless power transfer (RIWPT) systems for electric vehicle (EV) charging. A detailed 3D model of a double-layer circular coil was developed in CST Studio Suite to investigate coupling degradation, energy loss, and efficiency behavior under angular deviations ranging from 0° to 25°, at a fixed air gap of 30 mm. Performance metrics including mutual inductance, magnetic field distribution, power transfer efficiency (PTE), and loss characteristics were analyzed to establish quantitative misalignment correlations. Results indicate a steady reduction in PTE from 99.979% at 0° to 88.441% at 25°, accompanied by corresponding increases in field asymmetry and energy dissipation. To mitigate these losses, an impedance-tuning strategy was applied by jointly optimizing transmitter-side series and parallel compensation capacitors, which improved PTE at 5° misalignment from 98.777% to 99.801%, restoring near-resonant operation. Additional analyses evaluated thermal impact, material robustness, and dynamic misalignment effects, providing a more holistic understanding of real-world charging scenarios. The study further discusses real-time tuning feasibility using embedded controllers and aligns performance with SAE J2954 and IEC standards for EV wireless charging. The findings establish validated design guidelines and adaptive tuning frameworks for achieving high-efficiency, misalignment-tolerant RIWPT systems, contributing toward robust and energy-efficient EV charging infrastructure.
Ferrite-based magnetic shielding for efficiency enhancement in resonant inductive wireless power transfer systems Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan Bunyamin; Rahimi Baharom
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 17, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp572-581

Abstract

This paper presents a detailed simulation-based investigation of ferrite-based magnetic shielding to enhance the efficiency and electromagnetic performance of resonant inductive wireless power transfer (RIPT) systems, with a particular emphasis on electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging applications. Two system configurations, a baseline coil-only system and a ferrite-shielded system, were modelled and simulated using CST Studio Suite 3D electromagnetic simulation software under identical geometric and electrical conditions to ensure a fair comparative evaluation. Key performance metrics, including power transfer efficiency (PTE), H-field distribution, and magnetic flux confinement, were analyzed to quantify the shielding impact. The ferrite-shielded configuration achieved a PTE improvement from 98.29% to 99.01%, demonstrating stronger flux concentration, reduced leakage, and lower electromagnetic interference (EMI) exposure. Additional analyses highlight the trade-offs in ferrite integration, including potential core loss, material cost, and thermal drift, while also discussing the system’s robustness against coil misalignment and its alignment with SAE J2954 and IEC 61980 standards for EV charging. The study is limited to a simulation-based approach without experimental validation; however, the findings establish a solid foundation for future hardware prototyping and hybrid shielding exploration, integrating ferrite and composite or metamaterial-based structures. Overall, this work contributes to the development of efficient, EMI-compliant, and thermally stable WPT systems suitable for next-generation EV charging infrastructures.
Impact of ferrite materials on wireless power transfer efficiency for electric vehicles battery chargers Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan Bunyamin; Rahimi Baharom
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v15.i1.pp361-372

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of ferrite materials on the efficiency of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems designed for electric vehicle (EV) and E-bike battery chargers. The study employs 3D full-wave electromagnetic simulations in CST Studio Suite 2024 to evaluate how Laird Performance Materials 33P2098-0M0 ferrite influences magnetic coupling, field confinement, and overall transfer efficiency. Two configurations were analyzed: coil-only and coil-with-ferrite plates, under a fixed 20 mm air gap and an operating range of 30–50 kHz. The inclusion of ferrite materials significantly improved magnetic-flux directivity and coupling strength, resulting in a peak efficiency of 99.21% at 41.3 kHz, compared to 99.09% at 38.1 kHz for the coil-only design. The enhanced configuration also reduced magnetic leakage and improved resonance stability, as verified through mesh-independent simulations and analytical validation with less than 2% error. The proposed model correlates ferrite permeability with mutual inductance and resonant-frequency tuning, confirming the theoretical basis of the efficiency gain. This work bridges a gap in small-scale EV and E-bike WPT research by quantifying the measurable benefits of ferrite integration and providing design guidelines for compact, thermally stable, and high-efficiency wireless charging systems.
Co-Authors Abdul Muin Awang Amirul Asraf Roslan Dalina Johari Dygku Aniqnatasa Awg Osman Ihsan Mohd Yassin Khairul Safuan Muhammad Mohammad Nawawi Seroji Muhamad Haziq Mohmad Akram Muhamad Nabil Hidayat Muhammad Qusyairi Iqbal Mohd Zamani Muhammad Shawwal Mohamad Rawi Nabil Hidayat Nor Farahaida Abdul Rahman Nor Zaihar Yahaya Nur Hidayah Abdullah Samshul Munir Muhamad Siti Zaliha M. N Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan Bunyamin Wan Noraishah Wan Abdul Munim Zafirah Zainuddin