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A new methodology for technical losses estimation of radial distribution feeder Khairul Anwar Ibrahim; Mau Teng Au; Chin Kim Gan
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 16, No 3: December 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i3.pp1126-1135

Abstract

Power distribution feeders is one of the key contributors of technical losses (TL) as it is typically large in numbers and scattered over large geographic areas. Traditional approach using classical formulation or time series load flow simulations to determine TL in each and every feeder and feeder sections in all distribution network require is an expensive exercise as it requires extensive modelling of the feeders and voluminous data. This paper presents a simple analytical approach to estimate monthly TL of a radial distribution feeder using analytical approach. TL for each feeder sections are evaluated on a monthly basis based on estimation of the load profile of the load points, peak power loss characteristics and loss factor. Total feeder TL are then estimated as the sum of all TL contributed by each feeder section. The developed models and procedure have been demonstrated through case studies performed on three (3) typical and representative feeders characterized by the different area served, number of feeder sections, load distribution and feeder length. The results shows close agreement (less than 5% differences) when compared with time series load flow simulations. With this model, the approach could be extended and applied to estimate TL of any radial distribution feeders of different configurations and characteristics
Influence of Single-Phase Solar Photovoltaic Systems on Total Harmonic Distortion: A Case Study Chin Kim Gan; Sara Ragab Mahmoud; Kyairul Azmi Baharin; Mohd Hendra Hairi
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 12, No 2: November 2018
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i2.pp607-611

Abstract

The installation of small-scale solar photovoltaic system has recently gaining popularity in Malaysia mainly driven by the Feed-in Tariff scheme. Given its relatively small generation capacity, the single-phase solar inverters are not required to comply with power quality standard. Neverthelss, the impact of small-scale solar system on the grid could become significant when the penetration is increasing over the years. In this regard, this paper presents a case study on the influence of single-phase grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems on the total harmonic distortion for current at the point of common coupling. Field measurements have been carried out for a total of 12 single-phase solar systems which were installed at three different locations at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. Detailed analyses have been performed to characterize the aggregated current harmonic performance for the overall system.  The findings from the presented case study suggest that the current quality from the inverter is highly dependent on the level of inverter output. Hence, the proper selection of the array-to-inverter ratio at the system design stage could greatly improve the overall total harmonic performance performance for current.The installation of small-scale solar photovoltaic system has recently gaining popularity in Malaysia mainly driven by the Feed-in Tariff scheme. Given its relatively small generation capacity, the single-phase solar inverters are not required to comply with power quality standard. Neverthelss, the impact of small-scale solar system on the grid could become significant when the penetration is increasing over the years. In this regard, this paper presents a case study on the influence of single-phase grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems on the total harmonic distortion for current at the point of common coupling. Field measurements have been carried out for a total of 12 single-phase solar systems which were installed at three different locations at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. Detailed analyses have been performed to characterize the aggregated current harmonic performance for the overall system.  The findings from the presented case study suggest that the current quality from the inverter is highly dependent on the level of inverter output. Hence, the proper selection of the array-to-inverter ratio at the system design stage could greatly improve the overall total harmonic performance performance for current.
Strategy to reduce solar power fluctuations by using battery energy storage system for UTeM’s grid-connected solar system Wei Hown Tee; Yen Hoe Yee; Chin Kim Gan; Kyairul Azmi Baharin; Pi Hua Tan
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 11, No 6: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v11i6.3862

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed the increasing uptake of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations, ranging from a few kilowatts for residential rooftops to a few megawatts for large-scale solar farms. One of the key challenges for the solar PV systems is its dependency on the solar energy, which is intermittent in nature and highly unpredictable. In this regard, battery energy storage system (BESS) is regarded as the effective solution that can smoothen the output power fluctuation from the solar PV system. Hence, this work utilized BESS that had fast response time with high power and energy density to reduce the solar output fluctuations from a real grid-connected solar system installed at the campus rooftop. The characteristic of the PV power fluctuation and the BESS storage requirement to smooth out the fluctuation within the allowable limit were determined and analyzed. More importantly, actual solar irradiance data with an interval of one minute was utilized in this work. The findings suggest that BESS with 66% of the installed solar capacity and 21% of the average daily solar generation of the installed system are required to smoothen the solar fluctuation that exceeds the ramp rate limit of 10%/min.
An efficient method for estimating energy losses in distribution's feeder Nur Diana Izzani Masdzarif; Khairul Anwar Ibrahim; Chin Kim Gan; Mau Teng Au; Kyairul Azmi Baharin; Nurul A. Emran; Zaheera Zainal Abidin
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 12, No 4: August 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v12i4.5261

Abstract

This paper explains a simple and efficient methodology for calculating monthly energy losses (EL) using the load loss factor technique and a representative composite load profile. One of the important benefits of the proposed work is a simpler, more efficient and less rigorous method to estimate the system-wide energy loss of an extensive distribution network with reasonable accuracy. The sum of all EL provided by each feeder section is used to calculate the total feeder EL. A base case feeder with a typical cable type and power factor is used to generate regression equations, a peak power loss function to estimate the EL. A case study is then used to show the models and techniques that have been established. The result indicates a high level of agreement with the time-series load flow simulations (smaller than 10% deviations). With this model, an approach to estimate the EL of all radial feeders of various configurations and characteristics could be extended and implemented. The spreadsheet approach is ideal for completing a quick energy audit of existing distribution feeder EL and determining the sensitivity of distribution network efficiency to changes in feeder sections and load characteristics.