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Journal : Mozaik Humaniora

Ngaben di Krematorium pada Masyarakat Hindu di Bali: Perspektif McDonaldisasi dan Homo Complexus Nengah Bawa Atmadja
MOZAIK HUMANIORA Vol. 16 No. 2 (2016): MOZAIK HUMANIORA VOL. 16 NO. 2
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (157.696 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/mozaik.v16i2.5862

Abstract

AbstrakArtikel ini adalah hasil penelitian kualitatif memanfaatkan paradigma kritis yang terfokus pada dua masalah, yakni latar belakang orang Bali memilih secara sukarela ngaben (kremasi) di krematorium dan bentuk pelaksanaannya. Informan ditunjuk secara purposif, yakni pengelola krematorium, pelaku ritual ngaben, tokoh agama, dan lain-lain. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumen. Analisis data mengikuti langkah-langkah, yakni konseptualisasi, hasil konseptualisasi, pembuktian, dan objektivasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latar belakang orang Bali secara sukarela memilih ngaben di krematorium berkaitan dengan pemberlakuan asas McDonaldisasi, yakni efisiensi, daya hitung, prediksi, dan kontrol. Kondisi ini diperkuat oleh kemampuan pengelola krematorium untuk mempertahankan dimensi manusia sebagai homo complexus. Kombinasi antara McDonaldisasi dan esensi manusia sebagai homo complexus merupakan alasan maknawi bagi orang Bali untuk memilih alternatif ngaben secara sukarela pada krematorium. Ngaben di krematorium mengikuti tata aturan menurut agama Hindu. Dengan cara ini roh orang yang diaben mencapai status dewa pitara. Dewa pitara dipuja pada pura keluarga guna memberikan kesejahteraan bagi keluarga yang memujanya. Kata kunci:    homo complexus, masyarakat Hindu Bali, McDonaldisasi, krematorium, ritual kematian AbstractThis article is the result of qualitative research with critical paradigm. This research focused on two issues: the background of Balinese people voluntarily choosing a crematorium to do cremation or ngaben and the way of its implementation. The informants of this research were the manager of the crematorium, the actors of cremation ritual, the religious leaders, etc. The data collection techniques were interview, observation and document study. The data analysis followed the steps of conceptualization, the results of conceptualization, verification, and objectivation. The results showed that the background of the Balinese people voluntarily to choose cremation in a crematorium relates to the application of the principles of McDonaldization, such as efficiency, calculability, standardization, and control. This condition is strengthened by the ability of the crematorium manager to maintain the human dimension as homo complexus. The combination of McDonaldization and the human dimension as homo complexus is a meaningful reason for Balinese to choose crematorium in doing ngaben voluntarily. Ngaben at the crematorium follows the same rules according to Hindu religion. In this way the spirit of the dead people could achieve the status of Dewa Pitara. Dewa Pitara is worshiped in the family temple in order to give blessing to the whole family members. Keywords: Balinese Hindu society, crematorium, death ritual, homo complexus, McDonaldization 
Sexuality in Usada Rukmini Tatwa Lontar in Balinese Society Ariyani, Luh Putu Sri; Maryati, Tuty; Nengah Bawa Atmadja
MOZAIK HUMANIORA Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023): MOZAIK HUMANIORA VOL. 23 NO. 1
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mozaik.v23i1.39516

Abstract

This study aims to understand the structure, content, and aspects of sexuality based on patriarchal ideology in Lontar Usada Rukmini Tatwa, considered as a cultural text. Thus, to pursue the aim of this study, critical discourse analysis was applied to analyze the text since this analysis technique could deconstruct, interpret, and read cultural texts. The lontar's contents then were analyzed through the following steps, namely conceptualization, conceptualization results, proof, and objectivation. The results of the analysis showed that the structure of the lontar consists of the opening, introduction, content, and the space and time of writing. The results also revealed that the lontar contains recipes for women's beauty and health, husband's courage, sperm health maintenance, and ways to have children for married couples. The contents of the lontars are legitimized religiously and magically so that people believe more in their efficacy. And, it is also found that the contents of this lontar are dominated by erotic and reproductive sexuality discourses based on patriarchal ideology associated with Hinduism. This is symbolized through the phallus as a medium to control women. In conclusion, Lontar Usada Rukmini Tatwa can not only be referred to as an erotic and reproductive sexuality cultural text, but also an ideological cultural text based on Hinduism.