Articles
<![CDATA[Peran Institusi Internasional Dalam Penanggulangan Ancaman Cyber ]]>
<![CDATA[Iqbal Ramadhan]]>
<![CDATA[ Populis : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora Vol 2, No 2 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Nasional ]]>
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DOI: 10.47313/pjsh.v2i2.338
<![CDATA[This article describes about managing cyber threat by using the role of international institution. Cyber threat is borderless and state is hard to maintain its security in digital age. Managing cyber threat is not like arms control. It also cannot rely on realist’s self-help concept because the threat comes from state and non-state actor. In order to anticipate the threat, cooperation through international institution is very important. The state actor can share information and cooperate in managing the threat by using international institution. In South East Asia, ASEAN Economic Community must be supported by stable cyber environment. Indonesia and other members should work together to prevent any cyber threat that can jeopardize ASEAN Economic Community.]]>
<![CDATA[Governmental Source dalam Kebijakan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat Terkait Renegosiasi Kesepakatan North America Free Trade Area (NAFTA) ]]>
<![CDATA[Iqbal Ramadhan]]>;
<![CDATA[Trias Adelins]]>
<![CDATA[ Populis : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora Vol 6, No 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Nasional ]]>
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DOI: 10.47313/pjsh.v6i1.823
<![CDATA[Pasca naiknya Presiden Trump ke tampuk kepresidenan Amerika Serikat (AS), negara tersebut mulai menjalankankan berbagai macam kebijakan yang bersifat inward looking. Presiden Trump yang disokong oleh Partai Republik berkeinginan untuk melakukan renegosiasi perdagangan dalam North America Free Trade Area (NAFTA). Kebijakan renegosiasi tersebut dimulai dari ketimpangan perdagangan yang dialami oleh AS yaitu neraca perdagangan negara tersebut terhadap Meksiko mengalami defisit. Hal inilah yang mendasari pemerintah AS untuk melakukan renegosiasi kesepakatan dagang dalam NAFTA yang dinilai memberatkan mereka. Kebijakan renegosiasi NAFTA tersebut tidak terlepas dari proses politik lembaga negara seperti eksekutif dan legislatif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis unsur governmental sources dapat mempengaruhi proses kebijakan renegosiasi NAFTA tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik penulisan studi kasus. Hasil analisis dalam artikel ini dapat dijelaskan bahwa unsur governmental sources seperti sistem pemerintahan, bentuk parlemen dan proses politik intra lembaga dalam pemerintah AS berperan penting terkait kebijakan renegosiasi NAFTA tersebut. ]]>
<![CDATA[Upaya Perimbangan Kekuatan Iran-Arab Saudi melalui Perang Suriah untuk Memenangi Kontestasi Geopolitik di Timur Tengah ]]>
<![CDATA[Iqbal Ramadhan]]>;
<![CDATA[Jodi Alif Iskandar]]>
<![CDATA[ Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 7 No 2 (2020): November 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2020.7.2.2391
<![CDATA[Abstrak Perang Saudara di Suriah terjadi karena perebutan kekuasaan antara pemerintah Bashar Al-Assad dengan tentara pemberontak Suriah. Perang tersebut terjadi tidak hanya melibatkan kekuatan internal Suriah, tetapi juga kekuatan besar yang ada di Timur Tengah yaitu Iran dan Arab Saudi. Perang Suriah dijadikan ajang untuk mengimbangi kekuatan antara Iran dan Arab Saudi melalui proxy mereka. Iran mendukung pemerintah Bashar Al-Assad sedangkan Arab Saudi menyatakan dukungan mereka kepada tentara pemberontak. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk membahas strategi kedua negara dalam mengimbangi kekuatan rivalnya melalui proxy balancing. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah kualitatif dan penulis menggunakan konsep pattern of competition dan konsep geopolitik. Simpulan yang didapat dari artikel ini adalah Iran dan Arab Saudi menggunakan proxy mereka pada Perang Suriah untuk mengimbangi kekuatan rivalnya dan memenangkan kontestasi geopolitik di Timur Tengah. Keywords: Iran, Arab Saudi, Perang Suriah, Perimbangan Kekuatan, Geopolitik, Timur Tengah]]>
<![CDATA[The Implication of Cyberspace Towards State Geopolitics ]]>
<![CDATA[Iqbal Ramadhan]]>
<![CDATA[ Politicon : Jurnal Ilmu Politik Vol 3, No 2 (2021): Politicon : Jurnal Ilmu Politik ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[UIN Sunan Gunung Djati ]]>
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DOI: 10.15575/politicon.v3i2.12660
<![CDATA[Massive technological advancements have influenced many dynamics of the nation's social, political, and economic changes. Geopolitical studies, as one of the studies that investigate the interaction between political dynamics and geography, are exposed to the implications of these technological developments. At the outset of its development, geopolitical studies discussed the state's strategies and policies for gaining influence in specific areas. Geopolitics is the study of a country's boundaries. The emergence of cyberspace, along with the advancement of technology, has implications for a country's geopolitical development. Geopolitical competition takes place not only in the physical realm, but also in cyberspace. The purpose of this article is to examine the shift in the geopolitical paradigm from physical to cyberspace. The authors examine how the existence of cyberspace can have a political impact, particularly geopolitical rivalries between countries, using geopolitics and cyberspace concepts. This scientific article investigates cyberspace phenomena and geopolitical studies using qualitative methods, particularly case study writing techniques. The author contends that geopolitics in cyberspace has no borders, based on the findings of this article's analysis. To avoid cyber conflicts, states must make cyberspace their political domain. Geopolitical rivalries between states in cyberspace can have real-world consequences. One of them is the use of technology to suppress other states' geopolitical policies. Because cyberspace is infinite, the state must develop governance so that the potential for cyber conflicts does not have physical consequences for the country's geopolitics. Given that almost all dynamics of state life have been integrated into information technology, the author concludes that cyberspace should be considered one of a state's geopolitical areas.]]>
<![CDATA[The Implication of Indonesia’s IUU Fishing Policy in Natuna Territorial Waters towards South China Sea Geopolitics ]]>
<![CDATA[Silvia Dian Anggraini]]>;
<![CDATA[Indra Kusumawardhana]]>;
<![CDATA[Iqbal Ramadhan]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol 7, No 2 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta ]]>
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DOI: 10.18196/hi.72130
<![CDATA[The agenda of Jokowi’s administration demands a strong measure to protect maritime security and sovereignty of Indonesia; especially its national sovereignty and maritime security in the vast boundary of Indonesian territorial waters. However, the implementation faces challenges related to violations of sovereignty in the territorial waters. One of them was due to the rampant illegal fishing activities that threaten the sufficiency of the fish stock. Exposed to such threat, Indonesia’s commitment to secure its maritime sovereignty was strongly projected by the emergence of a ‘Sink the Vessels’ policy by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), chaired by Susi Pudjiastuti since 2014. In the context of the South China Sea polemics which shows the relationship with the territorial waters of Indonesia in Natuna, the policy has significant implication to the South China Sea maritime geopolitics. The question is what the implications of the ‘Sink the Vessels’ policy toward maritime geopolitics in the South China Sea. Using structuration and geopolitics approaches, this article argues that Indonesia’s IUU Fishing policy enhances the complexity of maritime security in the South China Sea which ultimately leads to the strengthening of political realism behaviour among countries whom potential to conflict with Indonesia in the context of IUU Fishing in Natuna waters.]]>
<![CDATA[SECURITIZATION OF COVID-19 AND STATE’S RESPONSE TO MITIGATE PANDEMIC THREAT ]]>
<![CDATA[Iqbal Ramadhan]]>
<![CDATA[ Paradigma POLISTAAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 3 No 2 (2020): Paradigma POLISTAAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan Bandung ]]>
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DOI: 10.23969/paradigmapolistaat.v3i2.3611
<![CDATA[Novel Coronavirus, commonly known as Covid-19, is a new type of viral species that has been discovered in China during November 2019. As of recent, Covid-19 has been a threat and a threat to the humans. Based on research performed by scientists, the coronavirus is a type of virus that can be transmitted to humans from wild animals. The first person infected with a virus is expected to appear in the city of Wuhan, China. Initially, Covid-19 was only endemic. Given the fact that so many people are infected with this virus, the WHO declared it a global pandemic. The Covid-19 phenomenon has gained prominence despite the danger that it presents to human life. The aim of this article is to analyze Covid-19 in the perspective of security studies. The author uses securitization concept to describe the Covid-19 phenomenon. The author used qualitative analysis methods. The author claims that the Covid-19 securitization process encourages state actors to define it as one of threat that needs to be overcame. Owing to variations in the securitization process between countries, the results are different among states. However, at one point, nation-state treated Covid-19 as a challenge to be solved. In the end, state actors need to strengthen their capabilities to stop the pandemic threat's pace.]]>
<![CDATA[Cyber-Terrorism in The Context of Proselytizing, Coordination, Security, and Mobility ]]>
<![CDATA[Iqbal Ramadhan]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Islamic World and Politics Vol 4, No 2 (2020): DECEMBER ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta ]]>
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DOI: 10.18196/jiwp.4252
<![CDATA[The simplicity and flexibility of information and technology have made human life much easier. Terrorist groups nowadays have been using these things to disseminate terror, recruit new members, fundraise, and mobilize their activities. Technology provides terrorist group a leverage to conduct its hideous activity. Globalization eventually gives the double-edge sword that needs to be addressed by state actor regarding terrorist issues. The author used James D. Kiras’ four concepts of cyber-terrorism such as proselytizing, coordination, security, and mobility. Those four concepts are harnessed by terrorist group in modern world to achieve their interest. On the other side, the author harnessed comprehensive security from the Copenhagen School of Security Studies to analyze the threat which came from cyber-terrorism activity. The aim of this article is to analyze terrorist groups in conducting their activity based on Kiras’ four concepts of cyber-terrorism. By using Kiras’ concept in Comprehensice Security from Copenhagen School, the author aims to analyze the impact of cyber terrorism both on state and society. The author also used qualitative method as analytical tools to analyze the research problem. The author concluded that the state had to establish a rigid counter-terrorism system holistically at the domestic level without neglecting international strategic cooperation among international actors to counter this threat. Keywords: Cyber-terrorism, proselytizing, coordination, security, mobility.]]>
<![CDATA[The Impact of Covid-19 Towards Human Security ]]>
<![CDATA[Iqbal Ramadhan]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Vol 2, No 1 (2021): Tantangan Pengembangan Masyarakat dan Pemberdayaan Perempuan ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[FISIP Universitas Malikussaleh ]]>
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DOI: 10.29103/jspm.v2i1.3730
<![CDATA[The emergence of coronavirus at the end of 2019 caused the world to fall into a global pandemic. It cannot be denied that the phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic caused a downturn in the global economy. The threat of the Covid-19 pandemic has endangered social aspects and has also destabilized the political and economic life of all countries. Covid-19 has an impact on human security around the world. The concept of human security essentially emphasizes human freedom from fear. Through the concept of human security, this article seeks to explain how people are classified as vulnerable objects. Their lives could be threatened by Covid-19. The author uses a qualitative methodology with case study techniques to address this issue. The analysis in this article shows that poor, undernourished people who do not have access to sanitation and health services live in densely populated areas and people with comorbidities are particularly vulnerable to exposure to Covid-19. The conclusion of this research is that the government needs to give priority to these vulnerable communities. They are the entities that need to be protected from the threat posed by Covid-19.AbstrakMunculnya virus corona di penghujung tahun 2019 menyebabkan dunia terjerumus ke dalam pandemi global. Tak bisa dipungkiri, fenomena pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan perlambatan ekonomi global. Ancaman pandemi Covid-19 telah membahayakan aspek sosial dan juga mengguncang kehidupan politik dan ekonomi semua negara. Covid-19 berdampak pada keamanan manusia di seluruh dunia. Konsep keamanan manusia pada dasarnya menekankan kebebasan manusia dari rasa takut. Melalui konsep human security, artikel ini berusaha menjelaskan bagaimana manusia diklasifikasikan sebagai objek yang rentan. Hidup mereka bisa terancam oleh Covid-19. Penulis menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan teknik studi kasus untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Analisis dalam artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa orang miskin dan kurang gizi yang tidak memiliki akses ke sanitasi dan layanan kesehatan tinggal di daerah padat penduduk dan orang dengan penyakit penyerta sangat rentan terhadap paparan Covid-19. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemerintah perlu memberikan prioritas kepada masyarakat rentan tersebut. Mereka adalah entitas yang perlu dilindungi oleh pemerintah dari ancaman Covid-19.]]>
<![CDATA[MENGKAJI PERAN UN WOMEN DALAM MENGATASI KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DAN MEWUJUDKAN KESETARAAN GENDER MELALUI PERSPEKTIF FEMINISME ]]>
<![CDATA[Iqbal Ramadhan]]>;
<![CDATA[Innesia Ma’sumah]]>
<![CDATA[ Kajian Asia Pasifik Vol 2 No 2 (2018): Juli - Desember 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations Study Program of Universitas Kristen Indonesia (UKI) ]]>
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DOI: 10.33541/japs.v2i2.871
<![CDATA[This research discusses about the role and effectiveness of UN Women as the real implementation of the Feminist paradigm and as an International Organization that upholds women's right in solving important issues related to women's rights, like violence against women and gender inequality. To analyse the issue on this journal, authors uses gender concept and feminist securitical approach. It also gives a stand point about the two main paradigms of International Relations, Realist and Liberalist, and its relation to Feminists regarding gender inequality and violence on women. The result of this research is that UN Women is quite effective in dealing with Feminist issues although it has not experienced significant improvement. However, UN Women's efforts should be appreciated for fighting for women's rights. Keywords: UN Women, Feminist, Violence against Women, Gender Inequality Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas tentang peran dan efektivitas UN Women sebagai implementasi nyata dari paradigma Feminis dan merupakan Organisasi Internasional yang menjunjung tinggi hak perempuan dalam menyelesaikan isu-isu penting terkait dengan perempuan yaitu kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan ketimpangan gender. Dalam menganalisis isu pada jurnal ini, penulis menggunakan konsep gender dan pendekatan keamanan feminis. Penelitian ini juga memberikan kritik terhadap dua paradigma utama Hubungan Internasional yaitu Realis dan Liberalis dalam keterkaitannya dengan Feminis terkait ketimpangan gender dan kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah UN Women cukup efektif dalam menangani isu-isu Feminis walaupun belum mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Namun upaya UN Women harus diapresiasi karena telah memperjuangkan hak perempuan. Kata Kunci: UN Women, Feminis, Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan, Ketimpangan Gender]]>
<![CDATA[China’s Belt Road Initiative: Dalam Pandangan Teori Geopolitik Klasik ]]>
<![CDATA[Iqbal Ramadhan]]>
<![CDATA[ Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Vol 2 No 2 (2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v2n2.3
<![CDATA[This article aims to examine the issue of China's Belt Road Initiative (BRI) in the view of classical geopolitical theory. The theory basically appeared in the 19th century. The classical geopolitical theory used in this article is McKinder Theory and Mahan Theory. Nevertheless, the theory is still relevant enough to answer China's policy as well as what geopolitical advantages the country gains. By using qualitative research, classical geopolitical theory was used to examine China's BRI policy on the construction of terrestrial trade corridor passes through Eurasia region and maritime silk road which cross strategic waterway. This article concludes that when the project is implemented, China will not only benefit economically but also be able to change the geopolitical constellation of the world. Although it is still too early, the BRI project has the potential to make China as the next superpower.]]>
