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All Journal Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Interdisciplinary Explorations in Research Journal (IERJ)
Gina Sabila
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Religion Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Association of Genetic Polymorphisms with Risperidone Treatment Response in Schizophrenia: A Review Gina Sabila; Rano K. Sinuraya
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14735

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitivesymptoms that affect the quality of life. Risperidone is widely known as second-generation antipsychoticthat is effective to treat schizophrenia. Unlike the first-generation antipsychotic, risperidone has a lowerimpact on the extrapyramidal adverse effect. However, individually, the risperidone treatment response maybe different caused by the genetic polymorphisms. This review aims to examine the association of geneticpolymorphisms with risperidone treatment response in schizophrenia.Method: The review was conducted using the Pubmed database and 49 articles included in this reviewamong 80 articles obtained in an initial search. The result showed genetic polymorphisms which affectsrisperidone therapy include DRD2, genetic polymorphisms on serotonin, cytochrome P450, BDNF, COMT,and ABCB1. Those polymorphisms might increase or decrease pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamicprofile of risperidone. In addition, genetic polymorphisms also contributed to the risk of metabolic syndromeand hyperprolactinemia induced by risperidone treatment.Conclusion: Based on those findings, several genetic polymorphisms had an association with therapeuticoutcomes and side effect after risperidone treatment. Genetic polymorphisms screening may be useful fordrug choices or dosage adjustment that safer and effective for patients.
Joseph Schacht and the Early Concept of Islamic Law Formation: A Study of Orientalist Perspectives Annisa Az Zahra; Gina Sabila; Khulda Azizah; Noor Khalisah; Muhammad Anshari; Anwar Hafidzi
Interdisciplinary Explorations in Research Journal Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : PT. Sharia Journal and Education Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ierj.v2i3.827

Abstract

Joseph Schacht, a leading orientalist, is known for his analysis of Islamic law using historical and sociological approaches. In his view, Islamic law is not merely a set of directly revealed norms, but the result of a proc ess of historical development that is closely related to the social dynamics of Muslim society. Through extensive research, he argues that many hadith were composed or modified to support the development of Islamic law at particular times. In his view, the peak of the formation of Islamic law occurred during the time of Imam al-Shafi'i, who succeeded in systematizing the methodological framework of Islamic law. Some scholars consider his ideas to provide new insights into the development of Islamic law, while others consider his approach to be reductionist and ignores the spiritual and theological dimensions of Islamic law. Despite the controversy, Schacht's thought remains one of the important references in modern Islamic legal studies.
Co-Authors Annisa Az Zahra Anwar Hafidzi Khulda Azizah Muhammad Anshari Noor Khalisah Rano K. Sinuraya