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Menimbang Gagasan Negara Hukum (Deliberatif) di Indonesia* Muzaqqi, Fahrul
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 7, No 5 (2010)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

In these recent years the idea of deliberative democracy appears as an alternative idea in the middle of discourse of democracy’s contest and configuration. Through its critics which are submitted into two dominant democratic traditions (also seeking to synthesize them), viz republicanism and liberal democracy, deliberative democracy makes serious efforts to pass theoretical tensions of those two democratic traditions over by formulating a communicative participation theory in an autonomous public sphere which whom is inclusive (multi-actors), free from pressures, discrimination and manipulation.Yet, the idea of deliberative democracy self if it is observed from many deliberation literatures and practices which are studied and implemented in many countries, it has at least two variants that are mutually exclusive. First, variant of impartialism which emphasize on normative principles including the attitude and action to be inclusive, autonomous (non-partisan) and holding on the argumentation which whom considers multi-perspectives and multi-actors in taking a decision or public policy. Inter-subjectivity of an opinion was emphasized very much relating to goodness and rightness of a decision. Second, the impartialism’s critics that realizes to the real of politics and criticizes the model of impartiality that is regarded as too utopian and idealistic in applying deliberation. Principles of reciprocity, continuity, inclusivity and heterogeneity of deliberation are taken as substitute of inter-subjectivity principle in impartiality model.This paper makes a try to investigate the origin of deliberative democracy idea in modern democratic tradition. Furthermore it analyzes development of two variants of deliberative democracy idea. Finally, it endeavors to contextualize the history of Indonesian idea of democracy especially in the idea of consensus discussion (musyawarah mufakat) which is the heart of Indonesian democracy. Of course this paper uses more historical approach to explore them all.

Politik Deliberatif dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan: Analisis Structures and Meanings Atas PP RI No. 28/2008 Muzaqqi, Fahrul
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 10, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

The atmosphere of Indonesian democratic decentralization presents an interesting phenomenon about the strength of demand at the local level participation. Participation was on its way, legally enshrined in both the legal basis, namely PP RI No. 8 Year 2008 about stage, preparation procedures, control and evaluation of Regional Development Plan (in legal terminology known as Musrenbang). That's where the participation is so arranged that it gains the spirit of development planning in local areas level with the hope that it will combine top-down and bottom-up approaches. This study focuses on efforts to analyze the two legal basis from the perspective of theory and practice of deliberative democracy in which participation based on inter-subjective communication is at the heart of modern democratic state.In search of the analysis, the findings are somewhat surprising. Those are that in Musrenbang, the nuance was still top-down so that they are not worthy to be equated with the theory and practice of deliberative democracy. That top-down shade includes the initial planning, control and evaluation of which are still very elitist. In terms of the arrangement of initial planning for development either RPJPD, RPJMD or RKPD is conducted by the Regional Development Planning Agency. In terms of control, officials from the home affairs ministry level to regent/mayor including Bappeda are involved. In all the stages, the people are involved but only to give input. While in the case of the evaluation, the greatest authority remains in the hands of the relevant authorities at every level of government. People have the chance to evaluate only as far as they have accurate information. In other words, people will find it hard to participate and evaluate the planning that has been done since the standard of accuracy of the information is still determined by the government.As a result, using the structures and meanings analysis, this thesis research confirms that the standards of deliberative democracy need to thrust into the legal basis governing participation in development planning so that decisions resulting in better planning could reflect the aspirations of the people. However, democracy is essentially regierung der regierten (rule of those who governed).

Menimbang Gagasan Negara Hukum (Deliberatif) di Indonesia* Fahrul Muzaqqi
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 7, No 5 (2010)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

In these recent years the idea of deliberative democracy appears as an alternative idea in the middle of discourse of democracy’s contest and configuration. Through its critics which are submitted into two dominant democratic traditions (also seeking to synthesize them), viz republicanism and liberal democracy, deliberative democracy makes serious efforts to pass theoretical tensions of those two democratic traditions over by formulating a communicative participation theory in an autonomous public sphere which whom is inclusive (multi-actors), free from pressures, discrimination and manipulation.Yet, the idea of deliberative democracy self if it is observed from many deliberation literatures and practices which are studied and implemented in many countries, it has at least two variants that are mutually exclusive. First, variant of impartialism which emphasize on normative principles including the attitude and action to be inclusive, autonomous (non-partisan) and holding on the argumentation which whom considers multi-perspectives and multi-actors in taking a decision or public policy. Inter-subjectivity of an opinion was emphasized very much relating to goodness and rightness of a decision. Second, the impartialism’s critics that realizes to the real of politics and criticizes the model of impartiality that is regarded as too utopian and idealistic in applying deliberation. Principles of reciprocity, continuity, inclusivity and heterogeneity of deliberation are taken as substitute of inter-subjectivity principle in impartiality model.This paper makes a try to investigate the origin of deliberative democracy idea in modern democratic tradition. Furthermore it analyzes development of two variants of deliberative democracy idea. Finally, it endeavors to contextualize the history of Indonesian idea of democracy especially in the idea of consensus discussion (musyawarah mufakat) which is the heart of Indonesian democracy. Of course this paper uses more historical approach to explore them all.

Politik Deliberatif dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan: Analisis Structures and Meanings Atas PP RI No. 28/2008 Fahrul Muzaqqi
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 10, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

The atmosphere of Indonesian democratic decentralization presents an interesting phenomenon about the strength of demand at the local level participation. Participation was on its way, legally enshrined in both the legal basis, namely PP RI No. 8 Year 2008 about stage, preparation procedures, control and evaluation of Regional Development Plan (in legal terminology known as Musrenbang). That's where the participation is so arranged that it gains the spirit of development planning in local areas level with the hope that it will combine top-down and bottom-up approaches. This study focuses on efforts to analyze the two legal basis from the perspective of theory and practice of deliberative democracy in which participation based on inter-subjective communication is at the heart of modern democratic state.In search of the analysis, the findings are somewhat surprising. Those are that in Musrenbang, the nuance was still top-down so that they are not worthy to be equated with the theory and practice of deliberative democracy. That top-down shade includes the initial planning, control and evaluation of which are still very elitist. In terms of the arrangement of initial planning for development either RPJPD, RPJMD or RKPD is conducted by the Regional Development Planning Agency. In terms of control, officials from the home affairs ministry level to regent/mayor including Bappeda are involved. In all the stages, the people are involved but only to give input. While in the case of the evaluation, the greatest authority remains in the hands of the relevant authorities at every level of government. People have the chance to evaluate only as far as they have accurate information. In other words, people will find it hard to participate and evaluate the planning that has been done since the standard of accuracy of the information is still determined by the government.As a result, using the structures and meanings analysis, this thesis research confirms that the standards of deliberative democracy need to thrust into the legal basis governing participation in development planning so that decisions resulting in better planning could reflect the aspirations of the people. However, democracy is essentially regierung der regierten (rule of those who governed).

EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL DALAM PENINGKATAN TARAF HIDUP MASYARAKAT RENTAN MISKIN DI JAWA TIMUR Hari Fitrianto; Fahrul Muzaqqi; Ali Sahab
Jurnal Politik indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Politics) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Program Jalin Matra (Jalan Lain menuju Masyarakat Sejahtera) Pemerintah Jawa Timur di bawah kepemimpinan Soekarwo-Saifullah Yusuf periode 2014-2019 cukup efektif menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur sejauh mana efektivitas program tersebut, kendala di lapangan, dampak implementasi kebijakan, khususnya bagi keluarga rentan miskin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran (mix-method). Secara kuantitatif mengambil 100 responden warga desa penerima manfaat yang tersebar di empat kabupaten sampel (Sumenep, Jember, Malang, dan Madiun) dan diperdalam dengan metode kualitatif untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang mendalam (thick description). Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) sebesar 54% responden menyatakan program PK2 berjalan baik; (2) kendala terbesar yang dihadapi dalam implementasi program adalah klasifikasi rumah tangga sasaran (RTS); (3) dampak implementasi program PK2 adalah 63% responden menyatakan pendapatannya meningkat.

Menimbang Gagasan Negara Hukum (Deliberatif) di Indonesia* Fahrul Muzaqqi
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 7, No 5 (2010)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

In these recent years the idea of deliberative democracy appears as an alternative idea in the middle of discourse of democracy’s contest and configuration. Through its critics which are submitted into two dominant democratic traditions (also seeking to synthesize them), viz republicanism and liberal democracy, deliberative democracy makes serious efforts to pass theoretical tensions of those two democratic traditions over by formulating a communicative participation theory in an autonomous public sphere which whom is inclusive (multi-actors), free from pressures, discrimination and manipulation.Yet, the idea of deliberative democracy self if it is observed from many deliberation literatures and practices which are studied and implemented in many countries, it has at least two variants that are mutually exclusive. First, variant of impartialism which emphasize on normative principles including the attitude and action to be inclusive, autonomous (non-partisan) and holding on the argumentation which whom considers multi-perspectives and multi-actors in taking a decision or public policy. Inter-subjectivity of an opinion was emphasized very much relating to goodness and rightness of a decision. Second, the impartialism’s critics that realizes to the real of politics and criticizes the model of impartiality that is regarded as too utopian and idealistic in applying deliberation. Principles of reciprocity, continuity, inclusivity and heterogeneity of deliberation are taken as substitute of inter-subjectivity principle in impartiality model.This paper makes a try to investigate the origin of deliberative democracy idea in modern democratic tradition. Furthermore it analyzes development of two variants of deliberative democracy idea. Finally, it endeavors to contextualize the history of Indonesian idea of democracy especially in the idea of consensus discussion (musyawarah mufakat) which is the heart of Indonesian democracy. Of course this paper uses more historical approach to explore them all.

Politik Deliberatif dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan: Analisis Structures and Meanings Atas PP RI No. 28/2008 Fahrul Muzaqqi
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 10, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

The atmosphere of Indonesian democratic decentralization presents an interesting phenomenon about the strength of demand at the local level participation. Participation was on its way, legally enshrined in both the legal basis, namely PP RI No. 8 Year 2008 about stage, preparation procedures, control and evaluation of Regional Development Plan (in legal terminology known as Musrenbang). That's where the participation is so arranged that it gains the spirit of development planning in local areas level with the hope that it will combine top-down and bottom-up approaches. This study focuses on efforts to analyze the two legal basis from the perspective of theory and practice of deliberative democracy in which participation based on inter-subjective communication is at the heart of modern democratic state.In search of the analysis, the findings are somewhat surprising. Those are that in Musrenbang, the nuance was still top-down so that they are not worthy to be equated with the theory and practice of deliberative democracy. That top-down shade includes the initial planning, control and evaluation of which are still very elitist. In terms of the arrangement of initial planning for development either RPJPD, RPJMD or RKPD is conducted by the Regional Development Planning Agency. In terms of control, officials from the home affairs ministry level to regent/mayor including Bappeda are involved. In all the stages, the people are involved but only to give input. While in the case of the evaluation, the greatest authority remains in the hands of the relevant authorities at every level of government. People have the chance to evaluate only as far as they have accurate information. In other words, people will find it hard to participate and evaluate the planning that has been done since the standard of accuracy of the information is still determined by the government.As a result, using the structures and meanings analysis, this thesis research confirms that the standards of deliberative democracy need to thrust into the legal basis governing participation in development planning so that decisions resulting in better planning could reflect the aspirations of the people. However, democracy is essentially regierung der regierten (rule of those who governed).

Identifying opinion leaders and narrative agency in the rejection omnibus law discourse Hari Fitrianto; Muzaqqi, Fahrul
Jurnal Studi Komunikasi Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Communications Science, Dr. Soetomo University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/jsk.v7i1.5720

As a social media platform, Twitter can become an arena for civil citizens to contest the state discourse. The rejection of the Omnibus Law Bill proves the legitimacy of the massive resistance and mass mobilisation to reject policy products that contradict the public interest. This research was meant to provide a social media analysis of the issues of the plan of legitimation of the Omnibus Law Bill by employing two analysis methods: social network analysis and descriptive qualitative method. Twitter interactions during the Omnibus Law Bill rejection era were dominated by civil actors. The primary activity on Twitter was not only civil movements but also confronting individuals who could help to form public ideas. Within the agency’s narrative framework, Twitter interactions related to Omnibus Law Bill are communal and social endeavours as part of participation in digital activism. Other dictions were also visible within various hashtags constructed to assert the agent’s political position. Various content and digital media platform were produced as the media for transferring information and knowledge. They were put for the best use in a beautiful package. By opinion leaders’ agency, the narrative built by the State can be contested to influence others.

Comparison of e-government acceleration in five regions: Case studies following the issuance of Presidential Regulation 95/2018 Fahrul Muzaqqi; Hari Fitrianto
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 36 No. 2 (2023): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkp.V36I22023.230-245

One year following the issuance of Presidential Regulation Number 95 of 2018 (Perpres 95/2018), all local governments are competing to implement an electronic-based government system (SPBE/e-Government/eGov). This study, which was conducted in the 2021-2022 period, aimed to examine e-Gov planning and then compare its practice in the five regions (Surabaya, Banyuwangi, Sleman, Gresik, and Kulon Progo) focusing on the results of the 2019 SPBE evaluation and the availability of a legal umbrella in the form of Regent/Mayor Regulations governing the implementation of e-Gov. Starting with the e-Gov theoretical framework, this study used a qualitative-descriptive method with internet secondary data, library research, SPBE index review, and supporting documents. The results of this study are: (a) there are four phases of e-Gov planning: automation, optimization, reengineering, and transformation. The acceleration of the implementation of the SPBE includes the integration of planning, budgeting, procurement, personnel data, archives, public complaints, and data centers; (b) responsively, the five regions compared in this study already have a legal umbrella in the form of a Regent/Mayor Regulations one year following the issuance of Presidential Decree 95/2018; (c) The SPBE service domain is a reliable indicator among the five regions, while the SPBE governance and policy domain displays different dynamics among them. This study concludes that Indonesia’s performance in e-Gov practice is still not convincing among other countries globally and recommends more innovative implementation of e-Gov from authorities (government) without neglecting periodic evaluations.

Status-Quo dan Inovasi: Respon Strategis Badan Usaha Milik Desa Menghadapi Krisis Pandemik Covid-19 Martanto, Ucu; Pramutanto, Wisnu; Muzaqqi, Fahrul; Wijayanto, Febby Risti; Fitrianto, Hari; Windyastuti, Dwi; Candland, Christopher
Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik Vol 13, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Magister Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/politika.13.2.2022.185-205

Keberadaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUM Desa) di Jawa Timur telah menjelma menjadi lembaga sosial ekonomi yang turut berkontribusi meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa. Namun krisis pandemik Covid-19 telah menghantam hampir seluruh kegiatan bisnis BUM Desa. Dalam kajian managemen krisis organisasi, pilihan-pilihan respon strategis saat krisis berperan signifikan dalam proses adaptasi dan pemulihan pasca krisis. Penelitian kualitatif ini mengungkap spektrum pertimbangan pilihan utama respon strategis BUM Desa dalam menghadapi krisis. Analisis atas data wawancara semi-terstruktur pemangku kepentingan menunjukan sebagian besar BUM Desa memilih tetap menjalankan bisinisnya (status quo) meskipun merugi. Temuan penelitian ini berbeda dengan pilihan respon strategis perusahaan swasta dan perusahaan negara dalam menghadapi krisis yang lebih memilih berhemat dan berinovasi. Penilaian atas opsi respon strategis menjadi asupan pemerintah daerah merumuskan kebijakan pemulihan BUM Desa pasca krisis.

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