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Pattern of Bacteria and Its Susceptibility of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Patients in ICU at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung Achmad Faisal Jundi; Nurita Dian KSS; Yanti Mulyana
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is common in intensive care unit (ICU). This pneumonia, becomes important due to its association to increased length of hospital stay, increased costs, and increased mortality. Irrational administration of antibiotics can lead to development of bacterial resistance. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of bacteria and the susceptibility of VAP patients.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out to 10 medical records of VAP patients in the ICU at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung in January–June 2014. Microbiological culture results and antibiotics susceptibility testing of patients’ sputum were identified and the collected data were analyzed in form of tables and percentages by using a computer program.Results: Out of 44 cultures taken from 10 patients with VAP, 43 cultures had microbiological findings. Gram negative bacteria were found in 90.6% cultures, the rests were Gram positive bacteria and fungi. The majority of findings were: Acinetobacter baumannii (41.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.6%), andKlebsiella pneumoniae (16.9%). The laboratory test result showed varied degrees of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics.Conclusions: Bacteria found in sputum cultures of ICU patient with VAP are mostly of Gram negative. The result of susceptibility testing of bacteria shows many of the bacteria have resistance to antibiotics in ICU at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. [AMJ.2016;3(2):195–9]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n2.772

Antibacterial Effect of Pulsatilla chinensis towards Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhi Sim Chee Fong; Yanti Mulyana; Dolvy Girawan
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Pulsatilla (P.) chinensis is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has antibacterial effect. It is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and other diseases. The P. chinensis is composed of some potent antibacterial substances including protoanemonin, saponin, oleanolic acid. The study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of P. chinensis towards staphlococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhi.Methods: This was an experimental descriptive study that was conducted in 2014 using two methods, diffusion and dilution method. In diffusion method, 5 holes were made on the agar that bacteria were growing and different concentrations of P. chinensis infusion were placed in different hole. The inhibitory effect was measured by the inhibition zone. In dilution method, 8 test tubes with decreasing concentration of P. chinensis infusion were mixed with the bacteria suspension and Mueller Hinton Solution. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured by the last clear test tube. The test tube with solution that showed absence of bacteria on culture indicated the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC).Results: In diffusion method, P. chinensis infusion showed inhibitory effect towards S. aureus and bacteriostatic effect towards S. dysenteriae and S. typhi. In dilution method, there was no antibacterial activity detected.Conclusions: P. chinensis infusion has inhibitory effect on S. aureus and bacteriostatic effect on S. dysenteriae and S. typhi. [AMJ.2016;3(2):292–5]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n2.467

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Fungi from Air Conditioners in Tutorial Rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran Gowre Govindasamy; Usep Abdullah Husin; Yoni Fuadah Syukriani; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi; Yanti Mulyana
Althea Medical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Awareness about health problems caused by air conditioner is very important. Thus, it is crucial to have knowledge about proper maintenance of air conditioner. At the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, air conditioners are used in every tutorial rooms. This study was performed to provide adequate information on the fungi, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium and Mucor, found in air conditioners.Methods: A descriptive laboratory study was used to identify the presence and the type of pathogenic fungi from air conditioners in tutorial rooms. Thirty-four samples were collected from the air outlet grille of the air conditioners and cultured on Sabouraud agar at 27°C for 2 weeks. Fungi presence were then identified microscopicallyResults: The results showed that the majority of air conditioners in tutorial rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, University Padjadjaran contained many types of fungus that grew in Sabouraud agar. From 34 samples, thirty two samples were positive and 2 samples were negative. Various fungus have been identified, those were Penicillium (37.5%), Aspergillus (25%), Mucor (2.5%) and unidentified (35%)Conclusions : The majority of air conditioners in tutorial rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, University Padjadjaran contained many types of opportunistic fungus. [AMJ.2014;1(1):21–4]Keywords : Air conditioner, Aspergillus, fungi, Mucor, Penicillium Isolasi dan Identifikasi Jamur Patogen dari Pendingin Udara di Kamar Tutorial dari Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas PadjadjaranLatar Belakang: Kesadaran tentang masalah kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh pendingin udara sangat penting. Dengan demikian , sangat penting untuk memiliki pengetahuan tentang perawatan yang tepat dari pendingin udara. Di Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Padjadjaran, pendingin udara digunakan di setiap kamar tutorial . Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan informasi yang memadai tentang jamur, seperti Aspergillus, Penicillium dan Mucor, yang ditemukan di pendingin udara. Metode: Sebuah studi laboratorium deskriptif digunakan untuk mengevaluasi keberadaan dan jenis jamur patogen dari pendingin udara di kamar tutorial. Tiga puluh empat sampel dikumpulkan dari kisi-kisi pendingin udara dan dikultur pada Sabouraud agar pada 27 °C selama 2 minggu. Pertumbuhan jamur kemudian diidentifikasi secara mikroskopis.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada sebagian besar pendingin udara di ruang tutorial Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjajdjaran terdapat banyak jamur yang dapat tumbuh di Sabaroaud agar, 32 hasil positif dan 2 hasil negatif untuk pertumbuhan jamur . Jamur yang tumbuh adalah Penicillium (37,5%, Aspergillus (25%), Mucor (2,5%) dan tidak teridentifikasi (35%).Simpulan : Sebagian besar pendingin udara di ruang tutorial Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan jamur oportunistikKata kunci : Aspergillus, jamur , Mucor , Penicillium, pendingin udara DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n1.292

Roles of Microwave Oven in Preparing Microbiological Growth Media Christian Prijana; Yanti Mulyana; Basuki Hidayat
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Sterilization of a growth medium before being utilized is a very important step in a microbiology laboratory. The common method for this purpose is by using the autoclave. However, autoclaving takes more time. To overcome this limitation, we tried to use the microwave oven. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of microwave oven in preparing the growth media.Methods: This was a laboratory experimental study conducted at Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, from October to November 2014. The growth media used were: MacConkey agar, in petri dishes, inoculated with Escherichia coli; Sabouraud agar, in petri dishes, inoculated with Candida albicans; Kligler iron agar (KIA), in reaction tubes, inoculated with Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi; Simmons citrate agar, in reaction tubes, inoculated with Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mueller-Hinton (M-H) broth, in reaction tubes, inoculated with Escherichia coli; and Motility Indole Urea (MIU) semisolid agar, in reaction tubes, inoculated with Proteus sp.The media would be heated by microwave for 1, 2, and 3 minutes. Results: From the total 54 dishes/tubes of various microwave-sterilized media, contaminations were only seen at 5 dishes/tubes. Most of the media, except the one-minute-heated Mueller-Hinton broth, were sterilized more than half dishes/tubes. The identification function of all media in this study was performed well. Conclusions: The utilization of microwave oven as an alternative sterilizing apparatus for microbiological growth media is very potential, particularly for two and three minutes duration of heating. [AMJ.2016;3(1):1–5]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n1.469

Oropharyngeal Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae among Medical Students in Indonesia Stella Valencia; Yanti Mulyana; Diah Dhianawaty
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae may colonize the upper respiratory tract without causing any symptoms. Medical students may be inhabited by these bacteria and transmit them to patients who were prone to infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to antibiotics was recently reported. This study was conducted to determine whether there was Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization among Medical Students of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran Batch 2011 and analyze its susceptibility patterns towards several antibiotics.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted involving 75 Medical Students of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran Batch 2011 that met the selection criteria. After informed consent, oropharyngeal throat swab was taken and further identification was carried out. Once Streptococcus pneumoniae colony was identified, susceptibility testing would be performed.Results: The identification results indicate that 7 students (9%) were colonized by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The susceptibility test showed that out of 7 isolates, 2 were resistant to 1 antibiotic, 1 was resistant to 2 antibiotics, and 4 were resistant to 3 antibiotics. Meanwhile, Streptococcus pneumoniae was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (71%), oxacillin (71%), erythromycin (57%), and levofloxacin (14%).Conclusions: Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization is found among medical students. All Streptococcus pneumoniae are resistant to one or more antibiotics, mostly to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and oxacillin. [AMJ.2016;3(3):349–54] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.878

The Detection of Pathogenic Fungi on Prayer Rugs of The Mosques at Jatinangor Campus of Universitas Padjadjaran Faturrachman Faturrachman; Yanti Mulyana
Journal of Medicine and Health Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Kristen Maranatha

Fungus easily grows in the plateau area with warm moist air. The fungus can enter and contaminate mosque rooms, especially on the surface of prayer rugs. If pathogenic fungi grow on prayer rugs, they can increase the health risk of those who come into contact with them. This research aimed to detect and identify pathogenic fungi on prayer rugs of the mosques in Jatinangor campus of Universitas Padjadjaran using laboratoric descriptive method. The data was collected by sampling of dust from the surface of prayer rugs, fungal culturing and mold identification. The existence of pathogenic fungi has been investigated and observed in twenty-eight samples of thirty mosques using simple random sampling. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar was the chosen medium to grow pathogenic fungi. We found fungal growth in all samples with a total of 8 fungal species (Alternaria spp, Aspergillus spp, Candida spp, Fonsecaea spp, Mucor spp, Penicillium spp, Rhizopus spp, Rhodotorula spp) which are opportunistic fungi; however, no pathogenic fungi were found.Keywords : pathogenic fungi, prayer rugs, fungus, Aspergillus spp., Candida spp.

The Detection of Pathogenic Fungi on Prayer Rugs of The Mosques at Jatinangor Campus of Universitas Padjadjaran Faturrachman Faturrachman; Yanti Mulyana
Journal of Medicine and Health Vol 2 No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Kristen Maranatha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28932/jmh.v2i3.1220

Fungus easily grows in the plateau area with warm moist air. The fungus can enter and contaminate mosque rooms, especially on the surface of prayer rugs. If pathogenic fungi grow on prayer rugs, they can increase the health risk of those who come into contact with them. This research aimed to detect and identify pathogenic fungi on prayer rugs of the mosques in Jatinangor campus of Universitas Padjadjaran using laboratoric descriptive method. The data was collected by sampling of dust from the surface of prayer rugs, fungal culturing and mold identification. The existence of pathogenic fungi has been investigated and observed in twenty-eight samples of thirty mosques using simple random sampling. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar was the chosen medium to grow pathogenic fungi. We found fungal growth in all samples with a total of 8 fungal species (Alternaria spp, Aspergillus spp, Candida spp, Fonsecaea spp, Mucor spp, Penicillium spp, Rhizopus spp, Rhodotorula spp) which are opportunistic fungi; however, no pathogenic fungi were found.Keywords : pathogenic fungi, prayer rugs, fungus, Aspergillus spp., Candida spp.

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