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Diah Dhianawaty
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Larvicidal Effects of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray Leaf Water Extract against Culex sp. Larvae Hasan Ali Abdurrachman; Diah Dhianawaty; Neneng Syarifah
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

  Background: There are various vector mosquitoes that cause filariasis such as Culex sp. Controlling the number of vectors with larvacide can reduce the spread of this disease. The extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaves are known to have larvicidal effects on Aedes aegypti larvae. The purpose of this study is to determine the larvicidal effects of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaf water extract against Culex larvae.Methods: This was an experimental study conducted during the period of October to November 2012 at the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. First trials were conducted to find the most effective larvicidal concentration of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaf water extract in killing 25 Culex larvae. A concentration of 100 ml was decided as the testing concentration which would be compared to a positive control containing Abate® and a negative control containing distilled water. The number of dead larvae was calculated every hour for 48 hours.Results: Effective larvicidal concentration of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaf water extract was 60% (p=0.000 compared to negative control), which was lower than Abate®. Result also showed LC50 and LC90 of 24% and 42%, respectively.Conclusions: Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaf water extract has a larvicidal effect on  Culex sp. larvae, although it is not as effective as Abate®, Hence, this leaf may be used as an alternative larvacide as these plants are easily available in the community and inexpensive.Keywords: Culex sp., filariasis, larvacide, Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. GrayDOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.441
Oropharyngeal Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae among Medical Students in Indonesia Stella Valencia; Yanti Mulyana; Diah Dhianawaty
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae may colonize the upper respiratory tract without causing any symptoms. Medical students may be inhabited by these bacteria and transmit them to patients who were prone to infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to antibiotics was recently reported. This study was conducted to determine whether there was Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization among Medical Students of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran Batch 2011 and analyze its susceptibility patterns towards several antibiotics.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted involving 75 Medical Students of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran Batch 2011 that met the selection criteria. After informed consent, oropharyngeal throat swab was taken and further identification was carried out. Once Streptococcus pneumoniae colony was identified, susceptibility testing would be performed.Results: The identification results indicate that 7 students (9%) were colonized by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The susceptibility test showed that out of 7 isolates, 2 were resistant to 1 antibiotic, 1 was resistant to 2 antibiotics, and 4 were resistant to 3 antibiotics. Meanwhile, Streptococcus pneumoniae was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (71%), oxacillin (71%), erythromycin (57%), and levofloxacin (14%).Conclusions: Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization is found among medical students. All Streptococcus pneumoniae are resistant to one or more antibiotics, mostly to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and oxacillin. [AMJ.2016;3(3):349–54] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.878 
Larvacidal Effect of Imperata Cylindrical Root Decoction against Culex sp. Larvae Afini Tiara Resi; Diah Dhianawaty; Neneng Syarifah
Althea Medical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Filariasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases. About 337 of 401 districts in Indonesia are endemic areas for filariasis, especially in Sumatera,  Kalimantan, and Papua. Culex sp. is one of the lymphatic filariasis vectors which can be controlled by insecticide, including larvacide. This study was conducted to determine the larvacidal effect of Imperata cylindrical root decoction against Culex sp. larvae.Methods: This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran during the period of September to November 2012. The study object was Culex sp. larvae III/IV instars. The design of this study was experimental laboratory using true experimental approach. The larvae were divided into three groups: negative control (distilled water), reference (Abate®), and decoction. The number of larvae in each group was 25 larvae, and the effects were evaluated by the total number of dead larvae in 48 hours under observation. The data were then analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and Probit test.Results: The result of the Mann-Whitney test to compare Imperata cylindrica root decoction treatment to distilled water as control  was significant (p<0.05). However, Abate® gave a better result. The Probit test resultwas LC50:  63% and LC90: 489%.Conclusions: Imperata cylindrical root decoction has a larvacidal effect against Culex sp. larvae.Keywords: Culex sp., Filariasis, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv., Larvacidal, LC50  Pengaruh Larvasida Rebusan akar alang-alang (Imperata Cylindrical) terhadap Larva Nyamuk (Culex sp.) AbstrakLatar Belakang: Filariasis merupakan salah satu penyakit tropis yang terabaikan. Sekitar 337 dari 401 kabupaten di Indonesia adalah daerah endemik untuk filariasis terutama di Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan Papua.  Nyamuk (Culex Sp.) adalah salah satu vektor filariasis limfatik yang dapat dikendalikan oleh insektisida, termasuk larvasida. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh larvasida dari rebusan  akar alang-alang terhadap larva nyamuk (Culex sp.)Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Parasitologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Padjadjaran selama periode September-November 2012. Objek penelitian adalah larva nyamuk (Culex sp.) instar III / IV.. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan menggunakan pendekatan eksperimental yang benar. Larva dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok: kontrol negatif (air suling), referensi (Abate®), dan rebusan. Jumlah larva dalam setiap kelompok adalah 25 larva, dan efek dievaluasi dengan jumlah total larva mati dalam 48 jam di bawah pengawasan. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney dan uji Probit. Hasil: Hasil uji Mann-Whitney untuk membandingkan pemberian rebusan akar alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) terhadap air suling sebagai kontrol adalah signifikan (p <0,05). Namun, Abate® memberikan hasil yang lebih baik. Hasil tes Probit adalah LC50: 63% dan LC90: 489%.Simpulan: Rebusan akar alang-alang (Imperata cylindrical) memiliki efek larvsidal terhadap larva nyamuk (Culex sp.) Kata kunci: Nyamuk (Culex sp.), Filariasis, Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv), Larvasida, LC50 DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n2.349
ISOLASI, KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS PENCEGAHAN ANTIKALKULI LUTEOLIN 7-O-GLUKOSIDA DARI DAUN Sonchus arvensis L., PADA TIKUS DENGAN METODE MATRIKS-ASAM GLIKOLAT Diah Dhianawaty; Kosasih Padmawinata; Iwang Soediro; Andreanus A -; Soemardji -
Bionatura Vol 5, No 3 (2003): Bionatura Nopember 2003
Publisher : Direktorat Sumber Daya Akademik dan Perpustakaan

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Abstract

Banyak tumbuhan yang digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit batu kandungkemih dalam pengobatan tradisional Indonesia. Diantaranya: Orthosiphonaristatus (Bl.)Miq., Sonchus arvensis L., Phyllanthus niruri L., Strobilanthus crispusL. dan Imperata cylindrica L., Sonchus arvensis L. telah diteliti efek antikalkulinyaterhadap batu oksalat kandung kemih eksperimental pada tikus jantan.Kandungan kimia yang telah diketahui yaitu asam fenolat dan turunannya,flavonoid (antara lain luteolin 7-O-glukosida), terpena, kumarin, lipid dan minyakatsiri. Senyawa luteolin 7-O-glukosida telah diisolasi dari ekstrak etanol dandikarakterisasi dengan spektrofotometri ultraviolet, inframerah, massa danresonansi magnet inti. Uji aktivitas antikalkuli luteolin 7-O-glukosida dilakukandengan metode matriks-asam glikolat. Bobot batu kandung kemih yang terjadidigunakan sebagai parameter untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antibatu kandungkemih. Dari penelitian diperoleh, luteolin 7-O-glukosida aktif sebagai antikalkulipada dosis 0,15 mg/kg bb tikus: pada upaya pencegahan berkhasiat 51,62%(P≤0,05) dan pada upaya pengobatan, terjadi penekanan 3,77% walaupunsecara statistik tidak bermakna.
NR2B Gene Expression Change in Wistar Rat Practicing Aerobic Exercise Comparing to Soybean (Glycine max) or Phyllanthus niruri Intakes and Soybean and Phyllanthus niruri Composition Intake Vita Muniarti Tarawan; Diah Dhianawaty; Tetty Yuniati; Muhamad Nurhalim Shahib
International Journal of Integrated Health Sciences Vol 3, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3012.63 KB) | DOI: 10.15850/ijihs.v3n2.582

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the relation between nutrition and brain memory. Qualified human resource is the most valuable national asset. Adequate nutrition and regular exercise provide higher achievement to create healthy and smart generations.Methods: The method applied in this study was experimental laboratory. This study was conducted on Juni 2011–Juli 2012 at the Biomedical and Biochemistry laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. The subjects were 8 weeks approximately 200–250 grams, male Wistar rats. The examination involved 56 male Wistar rats divided into 8 groups with different treatments. The groups which received exercise treatment were also given Glycine max and Phyllanthus niruri intakes. Results: NR2B gene expression changes can be described as the following results: (1) without practicing exercise (3,8) and after exercises (4,6); (2) Glycine max intake minus exercise (2,86) and Glycine max intake and exercises (3,17); (3) Phyllanthus niruri intake minus exercises (4,7) and Phyllanthus niruri intake and exercises (4,9); and (4) Glycine max and Phyllanthus niruri composition intake minus exercises (3,14) and Glycine max and Phyllanthus niruri composition intake and exercises (4,83).Conclusions: This study determines that exercises and Phyllanthus niruri intake enhance NR2B gene expressions. Glycine max inhibits the NR2B gene expressions. Glycine max and Phyllanthus niruri composition intake and either with or without practicing exercises enhance NR2B gene expressions. Therefore, practicing exercises and Phyllanthus niruri intake might cause brain cell apoptosis while Glycine max intake inhibits brain cell apoptosis. Keywords: Exercise, gene expressions, Glycin max, NR2B, Phyllanthus niruri DOI: 10.15850/ijihs.v3n2.582
Co-Authors Afini Tiara Resi Andreanus A - Hasan Ali Abdurrachman Iwang Soediro Kosasih Padmawinata Muhamad Nurhalim Shahib Neneng Syarifah Soemardji - Stella Valencia Tetty Yuniati Vita Muniarti Tarawan Yanti Mulyana