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Keanekaragaman serangga hama pala (Myristica fragrans) dan tingkat kerusakannya di penyimpanan Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Sunjaya, Sunjaya; Retnowati, Ina; Nurfadila, Nijma
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 15 No 2 (2018): July
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.15.2.51

Pest attack in nutmeg is a cause of major damage both in the field and in storage. Information on the diversity of pest insects in storage, harvesting methods, and good drying needs to be known to reduce the level of damage to nutmeg. This study aims to determine the diversity of insect pests and the percentage of nutmeg damage due to various postharvest treatments. Nutmeg was packed in jute bag and stored for four months under warehouse conditions. Each jute bag containing nutmeg is treated based on the origin of nutmeg (picked from a tree or picked up on the ground), drying method (sunshine or fogging), and shell or without shells with each treatment replicated three times. Sampling of numtag was conducted after four month to calculate the number of each insect species found, determine the insect population, and determine the percentage of damaged seeds. Four insect species were found in nutmeg kernels in almost various treatments. They were Araecerus fasciculatus ((Degeer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The dominant species was A. fasciculatus. The percentage of damaged kernels derived from nutmeg kernels fallen on the ground, dried either using sun-drying or smoke-drying, either in-shell or without shell, were higher than the kernels derived from ripe fruitswith various treatments. The recommendation of this research result is good postharvest handling of nutmeg to prevent insect infestation should be conducted by collecting nutmeg derived from ripe fruits picked from the trees, nutmeg in-shell either sun-dried or smoke-dried, and storing nutmeg in-shell.

Produksi Jamur Merang (Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex. Fr) Sing). pada Dua Jenis Limbah Kapas: Production of Straw Mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex. Fr) Sing). on Two Types of Cotton Wastes Sudirman, Lisdar Idwan; Rosita, Iros; Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati
Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati Vol. 10 No. 4 (2024): 2024
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsdh.10.4.229-237

One of the substrates for the growth of straw mushrooms is cotton waste. Based on the cellulose content, trash cotton and dust cotton were selected as substrates. This research was conducted twice at the dry season. The 3,000 g production substrates were a mixture of trash cotton and straw in a ratio of 2:1 (T2J1) and 1:1 (T1J1), dust cotton and straw in a ratio of 2:1 (D2J1) and 1:1 (D1J1). Previously, cotton and straw with the addition of 8% rice bran and 3% lime were composted separately, then mixed, pasteurized and inoculated with 2.5% of spawn. The D2J1 substrate produced higher number and bigger of fruit bodies, with the biological efficiency (BE) of 21.22 and 23.03% for the first and the second experiments, while the BE of T1J1 were only 16.76% and 5.84% and those of D1J1 were 15.63% and 12.45%, those of T2J1 were 16.76% and 0.22% for the first and second experiment respectively. The lowest BE value in these experiments due to incomplete vegetative phase, along with the contamination of Trichoderma sp. In conclusion, the production of straw mushroom fruiting bodies depends on the type of cotton and its ratio to straw.

Keanekaragaman serangga hama pala (Myristica fragrans) dan tingkat kerusakannya di penyimpanan Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Sunjaya, Sunjaya; Retnowati, Ina; Nurfadila, Nijma
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 15 No 2 (2018): July
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.15.2.51

Pest attack in nutmeg is a cause of major damage both in the field and in storage. Information on the diversity of pest insects in storage, harvesting methods, and good drying needs to be known to reduce the level of damage to nutmeg. This study aims to determine the diversity of insect pests and the percentage of nutmeg damage due to various postharvest treatments. Nutmeg was packed in jute bag and stored for four months under warehouse conditions. Each jute bag containing nutmeg is treated based on the origin of nutmeg (picked from a tree or picked up on the ground), drying method (sunshine or fogging), and shell or without shells with each treatment replicated three times. Sampling of numtag was conducted after four month to calculate the number of each insect species found, determine the insect population, and determine the percentage of damaged seeds. Four insect species were found in nutmeg kernels in almost various treatments. They were Araecerus fasciculatus ((Degeer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The dominant species was A. fasciculatus. The percentage of damaged kernels derived from nutmeg kernels fallen on the ground, dried either using sun-drying or smoke-drying, either in-shell or without shell, were higher than the kernels derived from ripe fruitswith various treatments. The recommendation of this research result is good postharvest handling of nutmeg to prevent insect infestation should be conducted by collecting nutmeg derived from ripe fruits picked from the trees, nutmeg in-shell either sun-dried or smoke-dried, and storing nutmeg in-shell.

ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF FOUR FUNGAL ISOLATES TO GANODERMA BONINENSE, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF BASAL STEM ROT OF OIL PALM DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY SETYAWATI
BIOTROPIA No. 3 (1989)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1989.0.3.99

ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF FOUR FUNGAL ISOLATES TOGANODERMA BONINENSE, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF BASAL STEM ROT OF OIL PALM

REVIEW ON AFLATOXIN IN INDONESIAN FOOD- AND FEEDSTUFFS AND THEIR PRODUCTS DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY SETYAWATI
BIOTROPIA No. 19 (2002)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Â Aflatoxin is a human carcinogen thatÂ could contaminate food- and feedstuffs, and hence is a major food quality problem throughout the world. Afiatoxin is produced by certain strains of AspergillusJlavus and //. parasiticus. A number of studies have been carried out in Indonesia on atlatoxin contamination in Indonesian food- and feedstuffs and their products from 1990 up to present. They were maize, maize product, peanuts, soybean and soybean meal, black and white pepper, feed ingredients; chicken and duck feeds. Samples were collected from farmers, traders (middlemen), retailers (markets), supermarkets, exporters; poultry and duck community-based farms; and feed mi l lÂ industries. High levels of aflatoxins were often found in maize, peanuts, chicken feed derived from markets, and duck feed. Low levels of aflatoxins were found in soybean meal and chicken feedstuff. Aflatoxins were not detected in soybean, black and white pepper. Other studies have also been carried out on the effect of carbondioxide (CO2), phosphine, black pepper extract and antagonistic fungi on aflatoxin production ofÂ A. flavus in vitro\Â and the effect of airtight storage, phosphine, ammonium hydroxide, fermentation process, bag types, and phosphine in combination with different bag types on atlatoxin contents of maize, peanuts and soybean meal. Some of these methods reduced aflatoxin contents significantly. Keywords: Aspergillus flavus I Aflatoxin / Food-and feed stuffs / Product

THE QUALITY OF PHYSIC NUT(Jatropha curcas L.) SEEDS PACKED IN PLASTIC MATERIAL DURING STORAGE Worang, Rantje Lilly; Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Syarief, Rizal; Miftahuddin
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.3

The effect of storage duration on fungal population, moisture content, lipid and free fatty acid contents, lipase activity, viability and vigor of physic nut seeds was investigated. Physic nut seeds with initial moisture content of 7.9% were stored in plastic bags under warehouse conditions. Samples of physic nut were collected before storage, and subsequently after one to six months of storage. The results showed that the moisture contents increased after one month of storage, and became relatively constant up to six months of storage. The range of moisture contents (7.9 â€“ 8.4%) was safe for storage of physic nut seeds. Sixteen fungal species were isolated from physic nut seeds during six months of storage. Fungal population decreased with the increase of storage duration. At the beginning of storage, most of the fungi that infected the seeds were classified as field fungi, such as Colletotrichum sp., Cladosporium spp., and Fusarium spp.. Their populations decreased with the increase of storage duration. After three months of storage, the existence of field fungi was generally replaced by storage fungi, such as Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium spp. dominate the population. Lipid contents, viabilities and vigors decreased with the increase of storage duration, while free fatty acids and lipase activities increased. Under uncontrolled condiÂtions, physic nut seeds packed in plastic material can be stored up to one month for seeds to be planted, while it can be stored up to five months for producing oil.

ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUTS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF THE DELIVERY CHAINS IN WONOGIRI REGENCY, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Retnowati, Ina; Ambarwati, Santi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 14 No. 2 (2007): BIOTROPIA Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2007
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2007.14.2.15

As a part of an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project on management of aflatoxin in Indonesia and Australia (PHT 97/017), a survey on pre- and postharvest handling of peanuts at farmer, collector retailer levels, including Aspergillus flavus Â infection and aflatoxin B1 contamination of peanuts collected in Wonogiri regency, Central Java, was conducted during the harvest period of the wet (February 2003) and dry (June 2003) seasons. Interviews using questionnaires, with farmers, collectors and retailers concerning pre- and post-harvest handling of peanuts were carried out. The moisture contents and physical quality of the peanut kernels were also determined. During the wet and dry seasons, fresh pod samples were collected from farmer fields (24 samples), dry raw pod samples from collector (24 samples) and raw kernel samples from retailer levels (54 samples). Thus, during each season 102 samples of various kinds of peanuts were collected for analysis. The A. flavus infection in kernel samples of peanuts collected from retailers were the highest, followed by samples collected from collectors and farmers. The A. flavus infection in kernel samples collected during the dry season was in general lower than in the wet season. It was alarming to note that all most all samples of raw kernel samples collected from retailers were infected by A. flavus during the wet and dry seasons. In general aflatoxin B1 levels in peanut samples collected in the wet season were higher than the dry season. During the wet and dry seasons, the aflatoxin B1 contents in retailer samples were the highest, followed by those collected from collectors and farmers. During the wet season, around 4, 17 and 33% of peanut samples collected from farmers, collectors and retailers, were respectively contaminated with more than 15 ppb of aflatoxin B1. During the dry season, around 42 and 74% of peanut samples collected from collectors and retailers, were respectively contaminated with more than 15 ppb of aflatoxin B1, while aflatoxin levels in wet raw pod samples collected from farmers were less than 15 ppb. In 2003 Codex Alimentarius Commission has determined a maximum level of total aflatoxins in peanuts intended for further processing at 15 ppb.

THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLASTIC PACKAGING MATERIALS: THEIR EFFECTS ON MOULD INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUTS. Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Retnowati, Ina; Ambarwati, Santi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 14 No. 1 (2007): BIOTROPIA Vol. 14 No. 1 June 2007
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2007.14.1.21

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THE OCCURRENCE OF INSECTS AND FUNGI, AND AFLATOXIN B CONTAMINATION OF STORED SORGHUM IN DEMAK AND WONOGIRI REGENCIES, CENTRAL JAVA DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY SETYAWATI; SANTI, SANTI AMBARWATI; INA, INA RETNOWATI
BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 2 (2011): BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 2 December 2011
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The objectives of this study were to collect informations on the method of postharvesthandling of sorghum and to investigate the moisture contents, insects infestation, fungalinfection, and aflatoxin B contents of stored sorghum grains collected from various stagesof the delivery chain in Demak and Wonogiri regencies, Central Java. In Demak regencysorghum cultivation was monoculture, variety cultivated was UPC-S1. In Wonogiri regencysorghum cultivation was intercropping with secondary crop and cassava. Sorghum varietiescultivated were Kawali, Numbu, ZH30, Mandau and Hibrida hybrids. There was a differencebetween the method of postharvest handling of sorghum at farmer and collector levels inDemak andWonogiri regencies. In general the method of postharvest handling of sorghum inDemak regency was more appropriate and more advance compared to that in Wonogiriregency. The moisture contents of sorghum at farmer as well as at collector level in Demakregency (13.0%) and Wonogiri regency (12.9%) were still lower that that of normal (safe)moisture content of sorghum. The number of insect species associated with sorghum invarious distribution level in Demak andWonogiri regencies was 10 and 17 species, respectively.The dominant insects species were and . The number offungal species found in sorghum at various distribution level in Demak andWonogiri regencieswas 23 species, respectively. In general, the dominant fungal species were ,and . In Demak regency aflatoxin B contents of sorghum atfarmer and collector levels were 22.50 and 15.45 ppb, respectively, while in Wonogiri regency2.27 and 10.28 ppb, respectively.insects, fungi, aflatoxin B , stored sorghum, Demak and Wonogiri regencies,Central Java

Aspergillus flavus Population and Aflatoxin B1 Content of Processed Peanut Products in Municipality of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Ambarwati, Santi; Retnowati, Ina; Windyarani, Amanda
BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 2 (2013): BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 2 December 2013
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2013.20.2.251

The objectives of this study were to get informations on the population of A. flavus and aflatoxin B1 content of five processed peanut products collected from retailers in Kecamatan Bogor Tengah (Subdistrict of Central Bogor), Municipality of Bogor. A total of 129 samples of processed peanut products was collected. They consisted of roasted peanuts with skin pods (33 samples), flour-coated peanuts (33), siomay sauce (18), pecel/gado-gado sauce (33) and satai sauce (12). A sample each of 2 000 g roasted peanuts with skin pods as well as flour-coated peanuts, and a sample each of 1 500 g siomay sauce, pecel/gado-gado sauce as well as satai sauce was mixed homogenously. It was then divided two times manually to obtain working samples to determine A. flavus population, AFB1 content and a reserve sample. Peanut kernels of roasted peanuts with skin pods and flour-coated peanuts were obtained by peeling their skin pods and the batter coat of tapioca flour manually, respectively. Aspergillus flavus in peanut processed products was isolated using a serial dilution method, followed by pour plate method on Aspergillus Flavus and Parasiticus Agar (AFPA). AFB1 content was determined using Thin Layer Chromatography method. Two replicates were used for each sample. The results showed that the population of A. flavus in roasted peanuts with skin pods, flour-coated peanuts, siomay sauce, pecel/gado-gado sauce and satai sauce were 0.3, 0.1, 0.3, 13.2 and 0.4 cfu/g (wet basis), respectively. The highest AFB1 content ofÂ processed peanut products (43.2 ppb) was found in roasted peanuts with skin pods, followed by flour-coated peanuts (34.3 ppb), satai sauce (23.2 ppb), pecel/gado-gado sauce (17.1 ppb) and siomay sauce (4.4 ppb).Key words : Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin B1, processed peanut products, Municipality of Bogor

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