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All Journal BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia
Ina Retnowati
SEAMEO BIOTROP
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

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Keanekaragaman serangga hama pala (Myristica fragrans) dan tingkat kerusakannya di penyimpanan Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Sunjaya, Sunjaya; Retnowati, Ina; Nurfadila, Nijma
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 15 No 2 (2018): July
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.15.2.51

Abstract

Pest attack in nutmeg is a cause of major damage both in the field and in storage. Information on the diversity of pest insects in storage, harvesting methods, and good drying needs to be known to reduce the level of damage to nutmeg. This study aims to determine the diversity of insect pests and the percentage of nutmeg damage due to various postharvest treatments. Nutmeg was packed in jute bag and stored for four months under warehouse conditions. Each jute bag containing nutmeg is treated based on the origin of nutmeg (picked from a tree or picked up on the ground), drying method (sunshine or fogging), and shell or without shells with each treatment replicated three times. Sampling of numtag was conducted after four month to calculate the number of each insect species found, determine the insect population, and determine the percentage of damaged seeds. Four insect species were found in nutmeg kernels in almost various treatments. They were Araecerus fasciculatus ((Degeer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The dominant species was A. fasciculatus. The percentage of damaged kernels derived from nutmeg kernels fallen on the ground, dried either using sun-drying or smoke-drying, either in-shell or without shell, were higher than the kernels derived from ripe fruitswith various treatments. The recommendation of this research result is good postharvest handling of  nutmeg to prevent insect infestation should be conducted by collecting nutmeg derived from ripe fruits picked from the trees, nutmeg in-shell either sun-dried or smoke-dried, and storing nutmeg in-shell.
Keanekaragaman serangga hama pala (Myristica fragrans) dan tingkat kerusakannya di penyimpanan Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Sunjaya, Sunjaya; Retnowati, Ina; Nurfadila, Nijma
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 15 No 2 (2018): July
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.15.2.51

Abstract

Pest attack in nutmeg is a cause of major damage both in the field and in storage. Information on the diversity of pest insects in storage, harvesting methods, and good drying needs to be known to reduce the level of damage to nutmeg. This study aims to determine the diversity of insect pests and the percentage of nutmeg damage due to various postharvest treatments. Nutmeg was packed in jute bag and stored for four months under warehouse conditions. Each jute bag containing nutmeg is treated based on the origin of nutmeg (picked from a tree or picked up on the ground), drying method (sunshine or fogging), and shell or without shells with each treatment replicated three times. Sampling of numtag was conducted after four month to calculate the number of each insect species found, determine the insect population, and determine the percentage of damaged seeds. Four insect species were found in nutmeg kernels in almost various treatments. They were Araecerus fasciculatus ((Degeer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The dominant species was A. fasciculatus. The percentage of damaged kernels derived from nutmeg kernels fallen on the ground, dried either using sun-drying or smoke-drying, either in-shell or without shell, were higher than the kernels derived from ripe fruitswith various treatments. The recommendation of this research result is good postharvest handling of  nutmeg to prevent insect infestation should be conducted by collecting nutmeg derived from ripe fruits picked from the trees, nutmeg in-shell either sun-dried or smoke-dried, and storing nutmeg in-shell.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Aspergillus flavus TOXIGENICITY IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES IN INDONESIA Anidah, Anidah; Rahayu, Winiati P.; Nurjannah, Siti; Retnowati, Ina
BIOTROPIA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2023): BIOTROPIA Vol. 30 No. 2 August 2023
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2023.30.2.1842

Abstract

Toxigenic Aspergillus flavus is a primary producer of aflatoxin in Indonesia, and its presence can lead to the contamination of agricultural commodities. This contamination poses a risk to export-targeted commodities, potentially resulting in their rejection. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the molecular profile of native A. flavus isolated from several Indonesian agricultural products, with a major focus on its toxigenicity and toxin production. A total of 18 A. flavus collections were isolated from nutmeg, ground peanut, cacao, coffee bean, corn, white pepper, and soil peanut plantation. Species identification was carried out using molecular and morphological approaches. The toxigenicity of isolates was characterized based on the amplification of aflatoxin gene clusters, while toxin production was assessed through growth simulation on a 10% coconut broth media followed by HPLC quantification. The result showed that all isolates were confirmed as A. flavus based on the morphological and sequence analysis of the ITS region. A total of 11 isolates (61%) were confirmed as toxigenic and produced 1-2 types of aflatoxin, in varying concentrations of high, moderate, or low levels of AFB1. High levels of AFB1 produced by seven isolates namely BIO3313, BIO33212, BIO3361, BIO33404, BIO3338, BIO3352, and BIO3344, had concentration levels ranging from 76.78 to 2241.06 µg/kg, while three isolates (BIO3314, BIO3312, and BIO3381) produced AFB1 below 1 µg/kg. Twenty-nine pairs of aflatoxin gene-specific sequences were successfully amplified as a single band, while some produced non-specific patterns in several low toxigenic and non-toxigenic isolates. Based on the results, it was concluded that completed gene clusters and variations of gene deletion were observed in both toxigenic and non-toxigenic isolates. However, no specific target gene could effectively distinguish the two groups. Two non-toxigenic isolates namely BIO3393 and BIO33403 exhibited a large deletion and could be potential candidates for biocontrol agents.
Co-Authors Anidah, Anidah Nijma Nurfadila, Nijma Okky Setyawati Dharmaputra Siti Nurjannah Sunjaya Sunjaya Winiati P. Rahayu