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Pengaruh oli bekas terhadap sifat karet riklim dan kualitas vulkanisatnya Dwi Wahini Nurhajati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 21, No 1 (2005): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The objective of the research was to study the effect of the used-lube oils as reclaiming oil on the production of reclaim from waste rubber of tyre-retreading industry and quality of its vulcanizate. The amounts of the lube oils were varied from 2.5 to 15% with range of 2.5% per 100 parts of waste rubber weigh. Reclaiming of rubber was carried out in a vertical autoclave at 120o for 1 hour, and reclaimed rubber were milled by two-roll mills machine. Reclaimed rubbers were compounded with RSS I to evaluate physical properties of their vulkanizates. Generally, the physical properties of vulcanizates containing produced reclaimed rubber was better than the vulcanizates containing market reclaimed rubber. The vulcanizates containing reclaim with 5% used-lube oil performed the best physical properties i.e 103.18 kg/cm2 tensile strength, 405,25% elongation at break, 50 shore A hardness, 57.11 kg/cm2 tearing resistance, 1.04 g/cm2 density 1.13 mm3/kgm abrasion resistance, and resistance to 150,000 cycles flexing respectively. The reclaimed rubber with 5% used-lube oil has characteristics 38.77% rubber hydrocarbon, 26.46% carbon black, 25.98% acetone extract, and 6,55% ash contents respectively. Key words: used-lube oil, reclaimed rubber, waste rubber, tyre-retreading industry. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan oli bekas sebagai reclaiming oil pada pembuatan karet riklim dari karet skrap limbah vulkanisir ban dan kualitas vulkanisat karet rilim tersebut. Jumlah oli bekas yang digunakan bervariasi dari 2,5 15% dengan kisaran 2,5% per 100 bagian berat karet skrap limbah vulkanisir ban. Karet riklim dibuat dalam autoclave pada suhu 120oC selama 1 jam, selanjutnya digiling dengan mesin two-roll mills. Karet riklim yang dihasilkan dianalisa kandungan rubber hydrocarbon, carbon black, kadar ekstrak aceton dan kadar abu. Untuk mengetahui sifat vulkanisat karet riklim maka karet riklim dibuat kompon dengan RSS I. secara umum sifat fisis vulkanisat yang berisi rilim hasil penelitian lebih baik dari vulkanisat yang berisi riklim pasaran. Bulkanisat karet riklim yang memiliki sifat fisis terbaik adalah kompon yang berisi oli bekas 5% dengan fisis berturut-turut tegangan putus 103.18 kg/cm2, perpanjangan putus 405,25% kekerasan 50 shore A, ketahanan sobek 57.11 kg/, berat jenis 1.04 g/cm2, ketahan kikis1.13 mm3/kgm, dan tahan terhadap bengkukan 150,000 putaran. Karet riklim yang berisi oli bekas 5% mempunyai karkteristik kandungan rubber hydrocarbon 38.77% carbon black 26.46% ekstrak aseton 25.98% dan kadar abu and 6,55%. Kata kunci: oli bekas, karet riklim, limbah karet, industri ban vulkanisir.

Penelitian pengaruh teknik pencetakan kompon sol karet terhadap sifat fisisnya Dwi Wahini Nurhajati; Agustin Suraswati; Pramono Pramono; Supriyadi Supriyadi
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 10, No 20 (1995): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The objective of this research is to know the influence of molding technique to the physical properties for rubber sole compound by a hydraulic press machine and a vulcanization molding machine. In the same process condition, there are physical properties different between the soles were molded by a hydraulic press machine and the soles were molded by a hydraulic press machine was reached on the vulcanization time 15 min at temperature 165C, and pressure 100 kg/cm2. Whereas optimal physical test value for the soles were molded by a vulcanization molding machine was reached on the vulcanization time 20 min, at temperature 165C, and pressure 1500 psi. INTISARI Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik pencetakan kompon sol karet dengan mesin “hydraulic press” dan mesin cetak vulkanisasi terhadap sifat fisisnya. Pada kondisi proses yang sama ada perbedaan sifat fisis antara sol yang dicetak dengan mesin “Hydraulic press” dan mesin cetak vulkanisasi. Sifat fisis optimal untuk sol karet yang di cetak dengan mesin “hydraulic press” dicapai dalam waktu 15 menit pada suhu 1650C dan tekanan 100 kg/cm2. Sedangkan sifat fisis optimal untuk sol karet yang dicetak dengan mesin cetak vulkanisasi dicapai dalam waktu 20 menit pada suhu 1650C dan tekanan 1500 psi.

Pengaruh penambahan karet siklo terhadap sifat vulkanisat kompon karpet karet Dwi Wahini Nurhajati; Ary Achyar Alfa
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 23, No 1 (2007): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Effect of cyclis rubber on the vulcanizate properties of fubber carpet compound was investigated. Carpet compounds were prepared by ribbed smoked sheets I (RSS I) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as a raw material, and cyclis rubber in various amount was added as additive. The amounts of the added cyclis rubber were varied from 10 to 40 phr with range of 10 phr. The rubber carpet compound was produced by using a two roll-mills (Shanghai RMW, model XK-160, capacity 2 kg). The culcanizate properties of rubber carpet compound were tested base on SNI. 12-1000-1989 for karpet karet, and ASTM F.1859-2000 for rubber sheet floor covering without backing The results showed that cyclis rubber in the compound was focused as a filler. Generally, the physical properties of vulcanizates containing cyclis rubber was better than the vulcanizates without cyclis rubber. Effects of cyclis rubber on the vulcanize properties of rubber carpet compound have increase hardness, tensile strength elongation at break, dimensional stability, and slip resistance. The compound with ratio of cyclis rubber 10 phr performed the best physical properties i.e: 85 Shore A hardness, 1479.9 N/cm2 tensile strength, 372.44% elongation at break, 1.24 g/cm3 density, 433.33 N/cm2 compression resistance, 2.29 mm3/kg.m Graselli abrasion resistance, and 1.24 U coefficient slipping resistance on dry surface, respectively. Keywords: cyclis rubber, rubber carpet compound. ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh karet siklo yang merupakan produk modifikasi karet alam terhadap sifat vulkanisat kompon karpet karet. Kompon karpet karet dibuat dengan bahan baku karet asap lembaran (RSS) dan karet sintetis styrene butadiene (SRB), dan karet siklo sebagai aditif. Karet siklo yang ditambahkan jumlahnya divariasi dari 10 – 40 phr dengan kisaran kenaikan 10 phr. Pembuatan kompon karpet menggunakan alat two rolls-mills (Shanghai RMW, model XK-160, kapasitas 2 kg). Sifat fisis kompon karpet karet diuji berdasar SNI.12-1000-1989 untuk karpet karet maupun ASTM F.1859-2000 untuk rubber sheet floor covering without backing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karet siklo pada pembuatan karpet karet berfungsi sebagai bahan pengisi. Secara umum sifat fisis vulkanisat yang berisi karet siklo lebih baik daripada vulkanisat tanpa karet siklo. Karet siklo terbukti meningkatkan kekerasan, tegangan putus, perpanjangan putus, 372,44%, kerapatan massa 1,24 gr/cm3, ketahanan pampat 433,22 N/cm2, ketahanan kikis (Grasselli) 2,29 mm3/kg. m, dan ketahanan slip pada permukaan kering 1,24 koefisien U. Kata kunci: karet siklo, kompon karpet karet.

EVA/starch/POE composite for footwear material: How the chemical composition affects its properties compared to standards Umi Reza Lestari; Gunawan Priambodo; Dwi Wahini Nurhajati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 37, No 2 (2021): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7449

The usage of biodegradable foam material in footwear components has positive impacts on environmental sustainability when disposed into landfills. This study was aimed to investigate the eﬀects of polyolefin elastomer (POE) on its properties of foamed EVA/cassava starch composites compared to standards. Foamed EVA/cassava starch composites were prepared by mixing EVA, cassava starch, and additives using a two-roll mill laboratory scale. Content of POE was varied 10-20 phr. The ratios of EVA/cassava starch were varied from 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; and 60/40. Eﬀects of POE were characterized its density, tensile properties, tear strength, permanent set, abrasion resistance, ﬂex resistance, morphology, and biodegradability. It was found that the increase of POE content in EVA/starch composites increased the density and abrassion resistance, but decreased the tensile strength, elongation at break, and permanent set properties. The best formula of foamed EVA/cassava starch/POE composites for footwear materials contains EVA 80 phr, starch 20 phr and POE 20 phr with density 0.983 g/cm³, tensile strength 22.27 kg/ cm², elongation at break 645.67%, tear strength 9.42 N/mm, volume loss 88.907 mm, no crack when ﬂexed 150 kcs. These results met the requirements of SNI 0778:2009-Sol Karet Cetak for quality classifcation 3 of outsoles. The foamed composite containing POE20 has denser morphology than POE10, while the addition of POE has no signifcance in weight loss after burial test

Studi pelapisan logam pada produk-produk plastik Dwi Wahini Nurhajati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 8, No 15 (1992): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v8i15.491

The most popular technique for the metalic finishing of plastic are electroplating and vacuum metallizing. Electroplating for plastics is a surface coating process with metal in the electrolyte cell, where the role of plastic is as a catode, and metal as an anode. Vacuum metallizing for plastics is a process in which plastics surfaces are thinly coated with metal by exposing them to the vapor of metal that has been evaporated under vacumm. INTISARI Teknik untuk melapis plastik dengan logam yang banyak digunakan adalah lapis listrik (“electroplating”) dan secara vacum (“vacuum metallizing”). Teknik lapis listrik adalah proses pelapisan permukaan plastik dengan logam didalam sel elektrolit, dimana plastik yang akan dilapisi bertindak sebagai katoda dan logam yang dilapiskan berperan sebagai anoda. Sedangkan teknik pelapisan plastik dengan logam secara vacum adalah proses pelapisan permukaan yang berlangsung didalam sebuah “vacuum chamber”, dimana logam diubah menjadi uap logam karena panas dalam kondisi vakum.

Penelitian penggunaan resin epoksi untuk membuat landasan potong pon Dwi Wahini Nurhajati; Pramono Pramono; Supriyanto B Supriyanto B; Supriyadi Supriyadi
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 12, No 24 (1997): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Application of epoxy resin to make specimen punching pad was studied. The specimen punching pad compound was made from epoxy resin, CaCO3 as filler, colour paste, and hardener. The compound was moulded in to specimen punching and moulding by casting moulding during 24 hours. Physical test result of the compound saw that compound which it consist of epoxy resin : 100 parts, CaCO3 : 20 parts, hardener : 100 parts, colour paste : 1 required, has physical property like the physical property of the imported specimen punching pad. Presence of CaCO3 as filler caused the specimen punching pad surface which it punched by cutter became brittle. INTISARI Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang penggunaam resin epoksi untuk membuat landasan potong pon. Kompon landasan potong pon dibuat dari resin epoksi, CaCO3 sebagai filler , pewarna dan hardener. Kompon dicetak dalam landasan potong pon menggunakan sistim tuang dengan waktu pencetakan selama 24 jam. Hasil uji sifat fisis menunjukan bahwa kompon berisi resin epoksi : 100 bagian, pewarna : sesuai kebutuhan, mempunyai sifat fisis yang menyerupai sifat fisis landasan potong pon impor. Adanya CaCO3 sebagai filler menyebabkan permukaan landasan potong yang terkena pisau potong menjadi rapuh.

Penelitian penggunaan monomer n-butil akrilat untuk peningkatan mutu kulit secara iradiasi Dwi Wahini Nurhajati; Suliestiyah Wiryodiningrat; Kadarijah Kadarijah; Penny Setyowati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 11, No 21 (1996): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Research on the utilization of n-butyl acrylate monomer for quality improvement leather by irradiation cobalt-60 gamma-rays is carried out as follows: Javanese crust hide was impregnated with water emulsions of n-butyl acrylate monomer for 2 hours, packed in to poly ethylene bags, sealed, then irradiated by cobalt-60 gamma rays (doses : 5 to 25 kGy). The irradiated leather was washed by water, dried and then physical tested. The results of physical test of leather modified with n-butyl acrylate showed the increasing of tensile strength and elongation, decreasing of water absorption, resistance against the flexing test of 20,000 times, and PH was constant. Organoleptic test showed that the softly of the modified leather was no different with unmodified leather. INTISARI Penelitian penggunaan monomer n-butyl akrilat untuk peningkatan mutu kulit secara iradiasi dilakukan dengan prosedur sebagai berikut : Kulit kras sapi Jawa diimpregnasi dengan emulsi monomer n-butil akrilat dalam air selama 2 jam, kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam kantung poli etilen, ditutup, selanjutnya diiradiasi dengan sinar gamma kobal-60 (dosis 5-25 kGy). Kulit yang sudah diradiasi dicuci dengan air, dikeringkan, lalu diuji sifat fisisnya. Hasil uji sifat fisis kulit yang telah dimodifikasi dengan monomer n-butil akrilat menunjukkan kenaikan kuat tarik dan kemuluran, penurunan penyerapan air, tahan terhadap bengkukan sebanyak 200.000 kali, dan PH tetap. Hasil pengamatan secara organoleptis menunjukkan bahwa kelemasan kulit yang dimodifikasi tidak berbeda dengan kulit yang tidak dimodifikasi.

Sifat elektrikal dan thermal nanokomposit HDPE/NPCC Dwi Wahini Nurhajati; Arum Yuniari; Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 27, No 1 (2011): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

abstrak

Photokopolimerisasi monomer akrilat degan kulit kras sapi Dwi Wahini Nurhajati; Agustin Suraswati; Kadarijah Kadarijah; Made Sumarti
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 12, No 23 (1997): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The research on photocopolymerization of acrylate monomer with cow crust hide had object to observe the resulted copolymer onto cow crust hide. Crust hides, saturated with aqueous emulsions containing 25 wt % of n-butyl acrylate (n-BA) or tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) were irradiated by cobalt – 60 gamma rays with doses ranges from 5 to 25 kGy. The irradiated hides were washed with water, dried in air and extracted in soxhlet apparatus for 48 hours to remove homopolymer. The highest yield of photocopolymerization of n – butyl acrylate monomer with crust hides was found 17,7878% at dose 25 kGy, and for photocopolymerization of tripropylene glycol diacrylate with crust hides was found 39,4245% at dose 20 kGy. INTISARI Penelitian photokopolymerisasi monomer akrilat dengan kulit kras sapi bertujuan untuk mengetahui banyaknya kopolimer yang dihasilkan didalam kulit kras sapi. Kulit kras yang sudah dijenuhkan dengan emulsi n – butyl akrilat atau tripropilena glikol diakrilat dalam air dengan konsentrasi monomer 25% berat, diiradiasi dengan sinar gamma kobalt – 60 dengan dosis yang bervariasi dari 5 sampai 25 kGy. Kulit yang sudah diradiasi dicuci dengan air, dikeringkan di udara dan diekstraksi dalam peralatan soxhlet selama 48 jam untuk menghilangkan homopolimer. Hasil tertinggi dari photokopolimerisasi monomer n – butyl akrilat dengan kulit dicapai pada dosis 25 kGy yaitu sebesar 17,7878%, dan untuk photokopolimerisasi monomer tripropilena glikol diakrilat dengan kulit dicapai pada dosis 20 kGy sebesar 39,4245%.

Pemanfaatan minyak kulit biji jambu mete sebagai substitusi karet stirena butadiena pada kompon karkas ban kendaraan bermotor Dwi Wahini Nurhajati; Pramono Pramono
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 22, No 1 (2006): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as a by product of cashew nut industry was not utilized. CNSL can be used to produce a rubber-like materials. The objectives of the research was to study the application of CNSL resin as substitute material for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) in the carcass compound. CNSL was reacted with formaldehyde resulting a rubbery CNSL-formaldehyde resin. CNSL –formaldehyde resin was prepared by reaction of 100 parts of CNSL, 5 parts of a 37% aqeaus solution of formaldehyde and 2 parts of ammonium hydroxide for 60 minutes at 1500C. Ratio of SBR/CNSL formaldehyde in tyre carcass compunds were 50/0, 40/10, 30/20, 20/30, 10/40 and 50/0, respectively. The results show that substitution CNSL – formaldehyde resin for SBR was up to 10 phr. Increasing amount of CNSL-formaldehyde resins have increase physical properties such as hardness, peel test, and density, but decreased tensile strength,elongation at break, and abrasion resistance. A compound with ratio SBR/CNSL-formaldehyde resin 40/10 performed the best physical properties i.e:139.454 kg/cm2 tensile strength, 710.97% elongation at break, 62 Shore A hardness, 1.124 g/cm3density, 423.477 N/inchi peel test, and 3.214 mm3/kgm abrasion resistance, respectively. Keywords : cashew nut shell liquid, CNSL-formaldehyde resin, tyre carcass compound. ABSTRAK Minyak kulit biji jambu mete atau cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) merupakan hasil samping industri kacang mete yang sampai sekarang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimum. Padahal CNSL dapat dibuat menjadi material yang menyerupai karet. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan resin CNSL sebagai substitusi karet stirena butadiene (SBR) dalam kompon karkas. Resin CNSL terlebih dahulu direaksikan dengan formaldehid menjadi resin CNSL-formaldehid yang menyerupai karet. Resin CNSL-formaldehid dibuat dari resin CNSL 100 bagian, formalin 37% sebanyak 5 bagian, dan NH4OH sebanyak 2 bagian yang direaksikan selama 60 menit pada suhu 1500C. Perbandingan jumlah karet SBR dengan resin CNSL-formaldehid yang diteliti dalam kompon karkas berturut-turut : 50/0, 40/10, 30/20, 20/30, 10/40 dan 50/0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan resin CNSL-formaldehid dapat mensubstitsi karet SBR sampai 10 phr. Makin banyak resin CNSL-formaldehid yang ditambahkan menaikkan, sifat kekerasan, daya rekat dan berat jenis namun menurunkan sifat tegangan putus, perpanjangan putus, dan ketahanan kikis. Kompon yang berisi perbandingan karet SBR/resin CNSL-formaldehid 40/10 menunjukkan sifat fisis terbaik yaitu berturut-turut : tegangan putus 139,454 kg/cm2; perpanjangan putus 710,97 %, kekerasan 62 Shore A, berat jenis 1,124 g/cm3, ketahanan kikis 3,214 mm3/kgm, dan daya rekat 423,477 N/inch. Kata kunci : minyak kulit biji jambu mete, resin CNSL-formaldehid, kompon karkas ban.

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