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I. Effendi
Bogor Agricultural University, Department of Aquaculture
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Education Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Development of Digestive Enzyme of Patin Pangasius hypohthalmus Larvae Effendi, I.; Augustine, D.; Widanarni, .
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 1 (2006): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (264.131 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.5.41-49

Abstract

Culture of patin Pangasius hypophthalmus especially larval rearing  very depends on the supply of natural food as energy source.  Artemia is the main natural food for fish larvae as a starter food, but its price is high.  To reduce production cost, farmers tend to reduce the feeding frequency and shorten  the Artemia feeding period.  Altering feeding regime however may reduce fry quality. This relate to the availability of digestive enzymes.  The objective of this study was  to examine digestive enzymes activity in patin larvae fed with  different feeding regime.  By shorten feeding period with Artemia to 2-4 days and Tubifex,substitution, the enzymes activity of protease, lipase and amylase were revealed similar pattern   The enzymes activity tends to increase and reach the peak at day 7 , and decrease later on until day 15 after hatching.  Survival rate of fish were varied for each treatment, and the highest survival rate was obtained when larvae were fed by Artemia for 8 days.  Blood worm were not fully digested by patin larvae at early stage. Keywords: enzyme, digestion, patin, Pangasius hypophthalmus   ABSTRAK Proses budidaya ikan patin, Pangasius hypophthalmus terutama pembenihan sangat tergantung oleh ketersediaan pakan alami sebagai sumber energinya. Artemia merupakan pakan alami yang banyak diberikan pada saat larva ikan mulai makan, namun harganya relatif tinggi. Untuk menekan biaya produksi, petani ikan patin cenderung mengurangi frekuensi pemberian Artemia dan mempersingkat waktu pemberiannya. Penggeseran jadwal ini diduga mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas benih ikan patin yang dihasilkan yang berhubungan dengan kesiapan enzim pencernaannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas enzim pada larva ikan patin dengan jadwal pemberian pakan yang berbeda. Dengan memotong waktu pemberian Artemia 2 - 4 hari dan disubstitusi dengan Tubifex, aktifitas enzim protease, lipase dan amilase pada larva ikan patin, memiliki pola yang sama. Aktifitas enzim cenderung meningkat dan mencapai puncak pada umur 7 hari, selanjutnya terus menurun sampai larva berumur 15 hari. Kelangsungan hidup ikan selama penelitian berbeda-beda untuk setiap perlakuan dengan nilai tertinggi dicapai oleh larva yang diberi pakan Artemia sampai berumur 8 hari. Larva ikan patin belum siap sepenuhnya untuk menerima pakan berupa cacing sutera sejak stadia awalnya. Kata kunci: Enzim, Pencernaan, Patin, Pangasius hypophthalmus
Effect of Different Rearing Density on Survival Rate and Growth of Giant Gouramy Osphronemus gouramy Lac. Fry at Size of 2 cm in Length Effendi, I.; Bugri, H.J.; Widanarni, .
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 2 (2006): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (173.112 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.5.127-135

Abstract

Giant gouramy Osphronemus gouramy Lac is one of the fish for food that has high economic value, but its production is not  met with the market demand yet.  The effort is needed to be done in order to increase production of giant gouramy fry by an intensive hatchery system through high rearing density.  This study was performed to determine the effect of rearing density on survival rate and growth of fry.  Fry were reared in aquaria 60x29x33 cm filled with 35 liters water, and fed by Tubifex at satiation as much as  0.23-0.28 g/fry/day with feeding frequency  2 times a day.   Collected  data were survival rate, growth, feed consumption, feed efficiency, and water quality.  The result of study showed that survival rate and feed efficiency did not affected by rearing density, while growth and feed quantity were did.  Survival rate of fish was high; 90.14-99.52%.  Growth and feed consumption were decreased by increasing of  rearing density. Keywords: giant gouramy, Osphronemus gouramy, rearing density, growth   ABSTRAK Ikan gurame, Osphronemus gouramy Lac. merupakan salah satu jenis ikan konsumsi yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang cukup tinggi, tetapi hasil produksinya masih belum dapat memenuhi permintaan pasar. Upaya perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi benih ikan gurame dengan pembenihan secara intensif melalui peningkatan padat penebaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh padat penebaran terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan benih ikan gurami. Benih ikan gurami dipelihara pada akuarium berukuran 60×29×33 cm3 yang diisi air sebanyak 35 liter. Pakan berupa cacing sutera diberikan secara at satiation sebanyak 0,23 - 0,28 g/ekor/hari dengan frekuensi 2 kali/hari. Data yang diambil meliputi kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan, jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi, efisiensi pakan dan kualitas air.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padat penebaran tidak mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup dan efisiensi pakan, namun mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi. Kelangsungan hidup selama pemeliharaan tergolong baik yaitu berkisar antara 90,14 - 99,52 %. Pertumbuhan dan jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi ikan mengalami penurunan dengan meningkatnya padat penebaran. Kata kunci: gurami, Osphronemus gouramy, padat penebaran, pertumbuhan
Effect of Rearing Density on Growth and Survival Rate of Balashark (Balantiocheilus melanopterus Blkr.) Fry at Recirculation Culture System Effendi, I.; Ratih, T.D.; Kadarini, T.
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (371.858 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.7.189-197

Abstract

Population of balashark (Balantiocheilus melanopterus, Blkr.) in nature has been decreased.  Therefore, domestication is needed to recover the stock and meet the market demand.  This study was conducted to determine rearing density producing the best survival and growth rate of fish.  Fry of balashark in length of 1.5 cm and body weight of 0.2 g were reared at density of 1, 2, 3 and 4 fish/l in recirculation aquarium 50×50×40 cm3 system.  During experiment, fish were fed on Tubifex two times daily at 15% body weight or 0.168 g/fish.  Sampling of fish length and body weight was done every two weeks by 10% of population.   Data were analyzed using ANOVA and polynomial orthogonal test.  The results indicated that daily growth rate by weight (Y1) of fish decreased by increasing the rearing density (X).  Response of daily growth rate related to rearing density was negatively linear as Y1= 7.3563 - 0.253X.  Daily growth rate by length was also decreased by increasing the rearing density.  Their response was also negatively linear as Y2 = 0.7411 - 0.0358X. Food efficiency of was decreased by increasing the rearing density at 0.69, 0.61, 0.53 and 0.36%, respectively.  Survival rate of fish in each treatment was relatively similar, ranged from 95.0 to 98.5%.   Thus, best growth and survival rate were obtained by rearing fish at density of 1 fish/l. Keywords: balashark, Balantiocheilus melanopterus, density, growth, survival rate   ABSTRAK Populasi benih ikan balashark (Balantiocheilus melanopterus, Blkr.) dialam menurun. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan upaya budidaya (domestikasi) untuk memulihkan stok dan memenuhi permintaan pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui padat penebaran yang memberikan kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan terbaik dalam sistem budidaya. Benih ikan balashark yang berukuran rata-rata 1,5 cm dan bobot 0,2 g ditebar dengan kepadatan 1, 2, 3 dan 4 ekor/liter dalam akuarium berukuran 50×50×40 cm3 yang dirancang dalam suatu sistem resirkulasi. Selama pemeliharaan, benih ikan ini diberi cacing sutera dua kali sehari sebanyak 15% bobot tubuh atau 0,168 g per ekor. Pengukuran panjang dan bobot ikan dilakukan dua minggu sekali sebanyak 10% populasi. Data diuji dengan sidik ragam dan uji respon dengan polinomial orthogonal. Laju pertumbuhan berat harian (Y1) benih ikan balashark semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya padat penebaran (x), respon yang diberikan laju pertumbuhan berat harian terhadap padat tebar adalah linier negatif mengikuti persamaan Y1 = 7,3563 - 0,253x. Laju pertumbuhan panjang harian (Y2) benih ikan balashark juga semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya padat penebaran (x). Respon yang diberikan juga berupa linier negatif mengikuti persamaan Y2 = 0,7411 - 0,0358 x. Efisiensi pemberian pakan benih ikan balashark untuk padat penebaran 1-4 ekor/liter masing-masing pemberian adalah 0,69, 0,61, 0,53 dan 0,36%.  Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan relatif sama, berkisar antara 95,0 sampai 98,5%. Dengan demikian pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup terbaik diperoleh pada padat tebar 1 ekor/l. Kata kunci: balashark, Balantiocheilus melanopterus, kepadatan, pertumbuhan, kelangsungan hidup
The Effect of Cirata Reservoir Sediment on Early Developmental Stage of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Embryo Pujihastuti, Yuni; Nirmala, K.; Effendi, I.
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (595.816 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.8.185-192

Abstract

Sedimentation at Cirata reservoir may directly and indirectly influence fish particularly fish which have an adhesive characteristic at its early developmental stage such as common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Sample of sediment was collected from Cirata reservoir using Eikmand dredge at a depth of 80 m. The sample was subsequently centrifuged at 5500 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant obtained was then used for toxicity test on common carp at early developmental stage. In this test, four treatments were applied based on the concentration of sediment supernatant, namely: 0, 8.33, 16.60 and 24.90 %. The results showed that a higher sediment supernatant concentration resulted in lower egg yolk absorption rate, lower relative growth rate in length, lower egg yolk efficiency and higher egg and larval abnormality.  Higher sediment supernatant concentration also resulted in lower hatching percentage of common carp larva. The damage of eggs and larval morphologies in treatments with sediment supernatant was likely caused by the presence Pb and organic matters which act in synergy. Keywords :  sediment, Cirata, embryo, common carp   ABSTRAK Sedimentasi di Waduk Cirata secara langsung dan tidak langsung akan berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan ikan khususnya tahap awal perkembangan ikan yang bersifat adhesiveseperti ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio).  Sampel sedimen waduk Cirata diambil dengan Eikmand dredge pada kedalaman 80 m.  Hasil ekstrak di sentrifugasi dengan kecepatan 5500 rpm selama 10 menit untuk diambil air pori sedimennya.  Air pori digunakan sebagai bahan uji toksisitas terhadap perkembangan awal ikan mas dengan perlakuan 0; 8,33; 16,60 dan 24,90 %. Hasil uji toksisitas diperoleh bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi air pori dari sediment maka semakin rendah laju penyerapan kuning telur Laju pertumbuhan relatif panjang embrio pada berbagai konsentrasi juga diperoleh bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi air sedimen maka semakin rendah laju pertumbuhan relatif panjang embrio Efesiensi pemanfaatan kuning telur menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi air pori sedimen maka semakin rendah efesiensi kuning telurnya.  Semakin tinggi konsentrasi air pori sediment maka semakin tinggi pula abnormalitas telur dan larva ikan mas.  Rata-rata derajat penetasan telur menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi air pori maka semakin rendah derajat penetasan telurnya.  Berdasarkan kerusakan morfologi telur dan larva pada perlakuan diduga yang berpengaruh adalah timbal dan bahan organik yang bekerja secara sinergis.  Kata kunci : sedimen, Cirata, embrio, ikan mas
Differences in Appearance of Saltwater, Freshwater and Imitation Pearls with Microscopic Electron Spectrum Kotta, R.; Effendi, I.; Diatin, I.; Budiardi, T.; Adam, M. A.
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 11 No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i1.9001

Abstract

This study aims to identify the differences between saltwater, freshwater, and imitation pearls based on their morphology and topography. Samples were collected from the pearl trading center in Sekarbela, Mataram, Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat. The methods employed included physical analysis focusing on origin, formation process, shape, weight, color and light reflection, as well as price. Additionally, morphological and topographical scanning was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)-EDS to obtain more detailed data. The research findings revealed significant differences among the three types of pearls, particularly in color reflection and luster. Saltwater pearls exhibited the strongest and most radiant color reflection compared to freshwater and imitation. Morphological examination showed pearl grains were irregular in shape and varied in size. Bright colors were predominantly associated with elements having high atomic numbers, whereas dark colors were linked to elements with low atomic numbers. The EDS analysis indicated distinct differences in the chemical composition of each pearl type. Calcium was found to dominate in saltwater pearls, carbon in freshwater pearls, and silicon in imitation. These findings provide deeper insights into the morphological characteristics and chemical compositions of each type of pearl, enhancing the identification of quality differences and the unique traits of each variety.
Co-Authors Adam, M. A. D. Augustine H.J. Bugri I. Diatin K. Nirmala Kotta, R. T. Budiardi T. Kadarini T.D. Ratih WIDANARNI WIDANARNI Yuni Puji Hastuti