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ANALISIS PERKIRAAN KEBUTUHAN SUMBER DANA DAN DAYA DALAM RANGKA TUJUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN BERKELANJUTAN ITTO TARGET TAHUN 2000 B D Nasendi; Azis Khan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 10 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.10.417-432

Masyarakat intemasional pada KTT Bumi tahun 1992 di Rio de Janeiro sepakat bahwa kelestarian hutan tropis dunia menjadi tanggung jawab semua Negara di dunia, terutama mengingat fungsi ekologis hutan yang menglobal sifatnya. Aspek sumber pendanaan dan pembiayaan (financial resource) untuk mencapai Pengelolaan Hutan Berkelanjutan (PHB), karenanya menjadi demikian penting, Organisasi kayu tropis dunia (ITTO) telah memprakarsai suatu diskusi panel pakar untuk menentukan cara penghitungan estimasi biaya pencapaian PHB ini. Diskusi dimaksud telah menyepakati, bahwa untuk menghitung biaya pencapaian pengelolaan hutan berkelanjutan, semua anggota harus mengacu pada laporan yang telah dituangkan dalam dokumen ITTC No. (XII)/7.Dengan metode atau pendekatan sebagaimana diharuskan ITTO, telah dihitung estimasi biaya proses pencapaian PHB di Indonesia pada tingkat nasional (National Level). Beberapa penyesuaian dilakukan untuk mengakomodasi ketentuan ITTO dikaitkan dengan kondisi kehutanan Indonesia, antara lain bahwa pengertian hutan bagi ITTO lebih dibatasi kepada hutan produksi. Peraturan perundangan di Indonesia memberikan pengertian hutan yang lebih luas, antara lain mencakup wilayah dan kekayaan perairan. Dengan pengertian ini, maka pencapaian biaya PHB untuk Indonesia selain memprioritaskan pada hutan produksi juga mempertimbangkan jenis hutan lainnya, yakni hutan konservasi dan hutan lindung. Karenanya tidak semua kriteria dan indicator ITTO dengan mudah dapat diterapkan untuk kondisi hutan di Indonesia.Hasil perhitungun menunjukkan, biaya pencapaian PHB selama empat tahun (1996-2000) adalah sebesar Rp. 7,82 trilyun (US$ 3.36 billion) dengan rincian masing-masing untuk hutan produksi (alam dan tanaman) sebesar Rp. 5,49 trilyun (US$ 2.36 billion), hutan konservasi sebesar Rp. 945,14 milyar (US$ 406.51 million), dan hutan lindung sebesar Rp. 1,38 trilyun (US$ 593.72 million). Sementara dalam angka estimasi ini untuk kepentingan riset pengembangan dan kegiatan penyuluhan kehutanan diperkirakan masing-masing sebesar Rp. 190,75 milyar (US$ 82.04 million) dan Rp. 58,51 milyar (US$ 25.17 million). Semua angka perkiraan biaya yang disampaikan tersebut adalah merupakan perkiraan biaya minimal, yang dihitung dengan menganut prinsip biaya minimum (minimum cost principle) sesuai dengan kondisi Indonesia dalam rangka mencapai PHB-ITTO Tujuan Tahun 2000. Disamping menghitung estimasi biaya pencapaian PHB diharapkan pula adanya usulan-usulan proyek yang konkrit, mencakup aspek pengusahaan hutan, PHPA, Reboisasi dan Rehabilitasi Lahan, pendidikan dan latihan, penelitian dan pengembangan, dan penyuluhan.

ANALISIS EKONOMI TEBANG PILIH TANAM INDONESIA (TPTI) DAN TEBANG JALUR TANAM INDONESIA (TJTI) DALAM PEMBANGUNAN KEHUTANAN DI LUAR JAWA B D Nasendi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 3 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.3.100-114

Demand side economic analysis or the so called market approach economic analysis was conducted to evaluate the Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting System (IPTI) and its complementary technique called TJTI (Indonesian Strip Cutting and Planting System) at PT. ITCI (International Timber Corporation Indonesia) Forest Concession Management and Operations in East Kalimantan.The analysis proved that the logs produced and marketed both with TPTI and TJTI systems of forestry operations and practices in East Kalimantan, one of the Indonesian Outer Java Inslands rich tropical forest archipelagoes is viable and economically feasible to maintain the sustainable production and marketing. However, further research is needed to evaluate the resource and supply side economic analysis including sustainable forest resource management, minimum and maximum management unit sizes of both TJTI and TPTI and its sustainability in terms of production, socio-economic and ecological-biophysical.Key words: Economic analysis, TPTI, TJTI and Sustainable Forest Management.

ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN MODEL HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI POLA MOSAIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN PROGRAM LINIER : Suatu Gagasan Pendekatan untuk Daerah Padang Lawas, Sumatera Utara B D Nasendi; Hasanudin Hasanudin; lwan Nugroho; Mulyaningrum Mulyaningrum; O K Karyono; Tryono Tryono; Abdul Murod; Walpen Sipayung
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 8 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

A Study of Industrial Plantation Forest model in Padang Lawas, North Sumatera using new concept of HTI (HTI - Mozaic) as HTI - Mix cropping or HTI - agroforestry, as it is not only for wood production but also for agriculture (Horticulture Crop) and grass for cattle was conducted.Optimal solution using Linear Programming approach shows that plant composition ofIndustrial Plantation Forest-Mozaic development in Padang Lawas area are; shorea (10000 ha ), albizia (6914 ha), akasia (9375 ha), palm oil (4757 ha), king grass and brachiaria (2499 ha ). Shorea has a highest shadow price and critical constraint, so the increase in land allocation for shorea will be profitable. Furthermore, post-optimal analysis indicates that land area for shorea is increased double, profit will also increase about Rp 49,361 billions. While for other commodities solutions are relatively stable.

ANALISIS EKONOMI PEMANFAATAN KAYU KELAPA DENGAN MODEL PROGRAMA DINAMIKA : Suatu Studi Kasus di Daerah Sulawesi Utara Esry H. O H. O Laoh; B D Nasendi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 3 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Coconut wood has been potentially available as a source of raw material for wood processing industries for many years. Coconut wood is a non-traditional forestry timber. In forestry jargon coconut wood is classified as a non-wood or non-timber product. As a source of industrial raw material for boards and planks and for fumiture components and housing utensils plenty of coconut woods are available as wood substitutes throughout Indonesia. It is technically as well as economically viable. Its investment opportunities is good and its prospects is also promising.The analysis was based on a case study which was conducted in North Sulawesi Province of eastern Indonesia using a dynamic programming aproach to identify and to analyse intertemporal investment allocation possibilities and its best altematives to gain financial and economic return. When the limited funds were to be best dicided and allocated based on scarcityresource allocation decision approach then the dynamic programming model has proven as a best choice. Eventhougk the model is not a best one but it is available to guide the decision makers to best posible alternative solutions in a decision making process.Keywords : Dynamic Progranuning Model, Coconut Wood utilization, North Sulawesi.

ANALISIS PENGARUH KELEMBAGAAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN HTI-TRANSMIGRASI : Studi kasus di daerah Riau Setiasih Irawanti; B D Nasendi; Retno Maryani; Suwidji Basuki
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 6 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Transmigration-based Timber Estate (TTE) is an effort to combine transmigration programme and Timber Estate development, and it involves many institutions which sometimes have conflicting interests. The objective of this study is to identify existing institution, efficiency and effectiveness of TTE programme and to study the socio-economic condition of transmigrant.The result of analysis shows that community around forest adhered to traditional institution. And their understanding on the prevailing external institution of government and timber estate concession were relatively low. The aspiration of local community for having plantation usually ended up in chopping activity. Average chopped area was 13 Ha per household. This practice supported by village officials and made this institutional problem more complicated. Their claim of forest area as a customary right was triggered by their insecurity of a continous access to forest as a source of their livelihood.Only about 21,5% local community were willing to be relocated as a local transmigrant and only about 25-30% of those were worked effectively for timber estate, so TTE programme is yet considered effective in relocating, modifying way of life and improving participation of local community. The proprietary right on agricultural land in TTE programme was only 0,25Ha, so giving proprietary right on agricultural land in adequate extent is highly recommended.There were three kind of activities in timber estate development, namely land preparation,nursery, planting and weeding. Wage payment system on land preparation activity was contractual wages at about Rp 85.000-115.000 per Ha. The wage of nursery, planting and weeding activities were about Rp 4. 250- 4. 750 per day. Compared to the Regional Minimum Wages (UMR) for this region in 1993 which was Rp 4.150, labor wage of timber estate development met its social function. Average income labor family per month in land preparation was Rp 253. 600, whereas for planting and weeding was Rp 173. 100 and which nursery activity was Rp 163. 100. Compared to the Minimum Physical Needs (KFM) for this region which was Rp 266.197 in 1993, the earning of labor family from TTE was lower. It means their living condition had not improved yet.

ANALISIS EKONOMI DAN KELEMBAGAAN HUTAN RAKYAT SISTEM AGROFORESTRI KOMBINASI JENIS POHON SERBAGUNA DAN KAKAO : Suatu studi kasus di propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara R Marsuki Iswandi; Affendi Anwar; B D Nasendi; Hermanto Siregar
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 4 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.4.153-168

The agroforestry system is often undertaken by famers in Indonesia specifically for the development of multi purpose tree species in dry land. Farmers use the agroforeftry system because of ils efficient usage of land and labor and to minimize the risk of crop failure.The agroforestry system in Southeast Sulawesi consists of planting cocoa among multi purpose tree species (MPTS), like fruit trees (such as langsat or durian) and coconut trees. The average income earned by farmers who apply the combination of langsat, coconut and cocoa was Rp 2.378.825,-/ha/year. The average income earned by farmers who apply the combination of durian, coconut and cocoa was Rp 2.378.827,-/ha/year. Financially, the agroforestry system with MPTS in Southeast Sulawesi is worth undertaking because it is profitable.From the farmers point of view, the marketing of langsat, durian, coconut and cocoa is not competitive, since farmers are on the weak side in the price information process. The results of the analysis of price transmision elasticity, the index of market integration in the short-run and in the long-run, show that the market for the above mentioned commodities is not integrated. The reason for this is because of the inefficiency and deficiency in the availability of market information.The institutional system in the marketing process of the commodities offered by the farmersis relatively informal. In the marketing process of langsat, durian and coconut, the relationship between farmers and traders can be described as clientelism (patron-client). On the other hand, in the marketing of cocoa, the farmers have a fixed relationship with their market institutions like papalele, whereby the farmers receive working capital from local traders to harvest and to produce and sale the cocoa to the local market.Key words : private forest, agroforestry, MPTS, income, marketing, institution, Southeast Sulawesi.

ANALISIS PERKIRAAN KEBUTUHAN SUMBER DANA DAN DAYA DALAM RANGKA TUJUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN BERKELANJUTAN ITTO TARGET TAHUN 2000 B D Nasendi; Azis Khan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 10 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Masyarakat intemasional pada KTT Bumi tahun 1992 di Rio de Janeiro sepakat bahwa kelestarian hutan tropis dunia menjadi tanggung jawab semua Negara di dunia, terutama mengingat fungsi ekologis hutan yang menglobal sifatnya. Aspek sumber pendanaan dan pembiayaan (financial resource) untuk mencapai Pengelolaan Hutan Berkelanjutan (PHB), karenanya menjadi demikian penting, Organisasi kayu tropis dunia (ITTO) telah memprakarsai suatu diskusi panel pakar untuk menentukan cara penghitungan estimasi biaya pencapaian PHB ini. Diskusi dimaksud telah menyepakati, bahwa untuk menghitung biaya pencapaian pengelolaan hutan berkelanjutan, semua anggota harus mengacu pada laporan yang telah dituangkan dalam dokumen ITTC No. (XII)/7.Dengan metode atau pendekatan sebagaimana diharuskan ITTO, telah dihitung estimasi biaya proses pencapaian PHB di Indonesia pada tingkat nasional (National Level). Beberapa penyesuaian dilakukan untuk mengakomodasi ketentuan ITTO dikaitkan dengan kondisi kehutanan Indonesia, antara lain bahwa pengertian hutan bagi ITTO lebih dibatasi kepada hutan produksi. Peraturan perundangan di Indonesia memberikan pengertian hutan yang lebih luas, antara lain mencakup wilayah dan kekayaan perairan. Dengan pengertian ini, maka pencapaian biaya PHB untuk Indonesia selain memprioritaskan pada hutan produksi juga mempertimbangkan jenis hutan lainnya, yakni hutan konservasi dan hutan lindung. Karenanya tidak semua kriteria dan indicator ITTO dengan mudah dapat diterapkan untuk kondisi hutan di Indonesia.Hasil perhitungun menunjukkan, biaya pencapaian PHB selama empat tahun (1996-2000) adalah sebesar Rp. 7,82 trilyun (US$ 3.36 billion) dengan rincian masing-masing untuk hutan produksi (alam dan tanaman) sebesar Rp. 5,49 trilyun (US$ 2.36 billion), hutan konservasi sebesar Rp. 945,14 milyar (US$ 406.51 million), dan hutan lindung sebesar Rp. 1,38 trilyun (US$ 593.72 million). Sementara dalam angka estimasi ini untuk kepentingan riset pengembangan dan kegiatan penyuluhan kehutanan diperkirakan masing-masing sebesar Rp. 190,75 milyar (US$ 82.04 million) dan Rp. 58,51 milyar (US$ 25.17 million). Semua angka perkiraan biaya yang disampaikan tersebut adalah merupakan perkiraan biaya minimal, yang dihitung dengan menganut prinsip biaya minimum (minimum cost principle) sesuai dengan kondisi Indonesia dalam rangka mencapai PHB-ITTO Tujuan Tahun 2000. Disamping menghitung estimasi biaya pencapaian PHB diharapkan pula adanya usulan-usulan proyek yang konkrit, mencakup aspek pengusahaan hutan, PHPA, Reboisasi dan Rehabilitasi Lahan, pendidikan dan latihan, penelitian dan pengembangan, dan penyuluhan.

ANALISIS EKONOMI TEBANG PILIH TANAM INDONESIA (TPTI) DAN TEBANG JALUR TANAM INDONESIA (TJTI) DALAM PEMBANGUNAN KEHUTANAN DI LUAR JAWA B D Nasendi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 3 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.3.100-114

Demand side economic analysis or the so called market approach economic analysis was conducted to evaluate the Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting System (IPTI) and its complementary technique called TJTI (Indonesian Strip Cutting and Planting System) at PT. ITCI (International Timber Corporation Indonesia) Forest Concession Management and Operations in East Kalimantan.The analysis proved that the logs produced and marketed both with TPTI and TJTI systems of forestry operations and practices in East Kalimantan, one of the Indonesian Outer Java Inslands rich tropical forest archipelagoes is viable and economically feasible to maintain the sustainable production and marketing. However, further research is needed to evaluate the resource and supply side economic analysis including sustainable forest resource management, minimum and maximum management unit sizes of both TJTI and TPTI and its sustainability in terms of production, socio-economic and ecological-biophysical.Key words: Economic analysis, TPTI, TJTI and Sustainable Forest Management.

ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN MODEL HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI POLA MOSAIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN PROGRAM LINIER : Suatu Gagasan Pendekatan untuk Daerah Padang Lawas, Sumatera Utara B D Nasendi; Hasanudin Hasanudin; lwan Nugroho; Mulyaningrum Mulyaningrum; O K Karyono; Tryono Tryono; Abdul Murod; Walpen Sipayung
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 8 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.8.291-307

A Study of Industrial Plantation Forest model in Padang Lawas, North Sumatera using new concept of HTI (HTI - Mozaic) as HTI - Mix cropping or HTI - agroforestry, as it is not only for wood production but also for agriculture (Horticulture Crop) and grass for cattle was conducted.Optimal solution using Linear Programming approach shows that plant composition ofIndustrial Plantation Forest-Mozaic development in Padang Lawas area are; shorea (10000 ha ), albizia (6914 ha), akasia (9375 ha), palm oil (4757 ha), king grass and brachiaria (2499 ha ). Shorea has a highest shadow price and critical constraint, so the increase in land allocation for shorea will be profitable. Furthermore, post-optimal analysis indicates that land area for shorea is increased double, profit will also increase about Rp 49,361 billions. While for other commodities solutions are relatively stable.

ANALISIS EKONOMI PEMANFAATAN KAYU KELAPA DENGAN MODEL PROGRAMA DINAMIKA : Suatu Studi Kasus di Daerah Sulawesi Utara Esry H. O H. O Laoh; B D Nasendi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 3 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.3.115-127

Coconut wood has been potentially available as a source of raw material for wood processing industries for many years. Coconut wood is a non-traditional forestry timber. In forestry jargon coconut wood is classified as a non-wood or non-timber product. As a source of industrial raw material for boards and planks and for fumiture components and housing utensils plenty of coconut woods are available as wood substitutes throughout Indonesia. It is technically as well as economically viable. Its investment opportunities is good and its prospects is also promising.The analysis was based on a case study which was conducted in North Sulawesi Province of eastern Indonesia using a dynamic programming aproach to identify and to analyse intertemporal investment allocation possibilities and its best altematives to gain financial and economic return. When the limited funds were to be best dicided and allocated based on scarcityresource allocation decision approach then the dynamic programming model has proven as a best choice. Eventhougk the model is not a best one but it is available to guide the decision makers to best posible alternative solutions in a decision making process.Keywords : Dynamic Progranuning Model, Coconut Wood utilization, North Sulawesi.

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