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KAJIAN TEKNIS DAN EKONOMIS PEMANFAATAN KAYU PERUPUK I M Sulastiningsih; Setiasih Irawanti; Paribotro Sutigno
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 3 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.3.85-99

Formerly perupuk wood was not recognized as good raw material by wood working manufacturers. Because of the increasing scarcity of ramin wood, the perupuk wood had gained the benefit of the situation as indicated by increasing demand and price of perupuk wood.The technical and economic studies on perupuk wood (Lophopetalum. spp) utilization wascarried out at one wood working mill in Gresik, East Java in 1994. The objectives of the study were to identify kind of products resulted from perupuk utilization, recovery level of each product, productivity and efficiency ofperupuk wood working machineries, and its value added.The study showed that kind of products resulted from perupuk utilization were moulding,smooth-four-side (S4S), finger jointed stick, solid jointed board and finger jointed board. The average recovery of perupuk utilization was 55% and the highest recovery (65.60%) was obtained by smooth-four-side product. The double planer machine had the highest productivity because all products used the machine to get the standard dimensions. The efficiency of some perupuk wood working machineries still low. The value added of perupuk wood working products were 90%, 55%, 52%, 37% and 24% for smooth-four-side, finger jointed board, moulding, solid jointed board and fingerjointed stick respectively.Key words : perupuk, wood working, recovery and value added.

ANALISIS SOSIAL EKONOMI PENGOLAHAN GONDORUKEM DAN TERPENTIN Setiasih Irawanti; Hendro Prahasto; Dwi Astuti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 15, No 1 (1997): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Kegiatan pengolahan gondorukem dan terpentin dapat menciptakau nilai tambah, membuka kesempatan kerja dan mengembaugkan kegiatan ekonomi lain yang terkait. Hal ini mendoroug dilakukanuya analisis sosial ekonomi pekerja produksi, kemitraan antara Perhutani dengan Pabrik Gondorukem dan Terpentiu (PGT) Swasta dan nilai tambah yang dihasilkan oleh PGT Perhutani dan PGT Swasta.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dalam Kerjasama Peugolahan (KSP) antara Perhutani dau PGT Swasta, pemilik getah pinus, gondorukem dan terpentin adalah Perhutani dan kemitraan ini membatasi PGT Swasta untuk menghasilkan kelas kualita gondorukem setinggi- tingginya. Sebagai akibatuya, kesinambungan usaha PGT Swasta tergantung pada kemampuannya untuk melakukan proses produksi yang efisien dan PGT Swasta cenderuug menekan biaya produksi dengan cara menekan upah pekerja. Pekerja produksi PGT Swasta memiliki beberapa peudapatan dalam bentuk tunai yaitu uang pengikat, upah borongan memasak getah, premi, uang makan dan THR serta pendapatan dalam bentuk natura berupa pakaian. Fungsi uang pengikat seperti upah pokok pekerja, namun dasar penentuannya tidak mengacu pada ketentuan Upah Minimum Regional (UMR), di mana uang pengikat sekitar Rp 22.500 - 35.000 per bulan lebih kecil dari upah pokok menurut ketentuan UMR yaitu Rp 50.625 per bulan. PGT Swasta rata- rata hanya bekerja 18 hari per bulan, sehingga meskipun upah pekerja produksi relatif tinggi yaitu sekitar Rp 5.300 - 7.000 per hari namun jumlah upah per bulan relatif rendah yaitu sekitar Rp 53.000 - 120.000 per bulan. Jumlah seluruh pendapatan keluarga juga relatif rendah yaitu sekitar Rp 92.700 - 210.000 per bulan atau lebih kecil dari KFM sehingga kehidupan keluarga pekerja produksi PGT Swasta belum layak.Proses pengolahan gondorukem dan terpentin dapat meningkatkan nilainya sekitar 23,9 -34,1% per ton getah pinus yang diolah, di mana PGT Perhutani Jawa Tengah menciptakan rata-raia nilai tambali tertinggi.

PENGARUH PAJAK TERHADAP BIAYA SEWA DAN PERMINTAAN KAPITAL Kasus : kayu gergajian tropis (THE IMPACT OF TAX ON RENTAL PRICE AND DEMAND FOR CAPITAL Case Study: Tropical Sawn Timber) Setiasih Irawanti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 7 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The objective of this study is to estimate the impact of tax rate on rental price of capital and demand for capital in sawn timbel industry. Sawn timber industry analysed is limited to the sawmills belong to the forest conccession.The study used secondary data. Data analysed are time-series data of interest rate, depreciation, tax rate, and price index of investment, sawn timber production and price.The result of analysis shows that the increase of sawn timber export tax rate at the end of 1989 has caused a rental price of capital increase by approxincalely 4 times, and there was a decrease in the use of capital stock. Demand for equilibrium capital stock of sawn timber industry decreased by Rp 5.077 million (constant price 1983 ) and Rp 5.395 million (constant price 1983) in 1990 and 1991,respectively,or about 50%. it shows that there was a stagnation in the growth of sawn timber industry

KAJIAN ASPEK DEMOGRAFI, SOSIAL, DAN EKONOMI PARTISIPASI TENAGA KERJA WANITA DI PABRIK KAYU LAPIS Setiasih Irawanti; Mieke Suharti; I M Sulastining
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 4 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Plywood industry (wood based industry) is a suitable accupation field for woman labor, where woman can participate in forestry development. The aim of the study is to evaluate participation of woman labor at plywood industry by observing their activities from demographical, social and economical aspects.This study was conducted by collecting data from plywood companies, Provincial Forestry Office, Statistics Office, and interviewing 10 percent of woman and man labors from plywood companies in East Kalimantan province.The results show that about 74 percent of production labor is woman, and most of them work in all sections such as veneer matching and splicing, gluing, pressing, and finishing. About 70 percent of woman labor is unmarried, average age is 24 years with high school education, so they have adequate capacity to work. About 60 percent comes from out of East Kalimantan province. It shows that woman labor at plywood industry has high motivation and mobility to work. Generally, they live in a rent house with minimum condition for their welfare. They usually do not have much time left to participate in social activities commonly organized in surrounding living area.Basic salary of woman labor working for normal shift is Rp. 2,500 and for long shift is Rp. 3,300 per day. It means higher than Minimum Regional Salary determined by goverment office. Woman labor gross income working for normal shift is Rp. 135,000 per month in average or more than Minimum Physical Need of unmarried labor that is only Rp. 86.930,-. While the gross income for those working for long shift is Rp. 242,500 per month or more than Minimum Physical Need for one family consisting of a pair of parents having a child which is only Rp.200,685,-. In conclusion, woman labor income can give a

ANALISIS SOSIAL-EKONOMI ROTAN TANAMAN DIJAWA Setiasih Irawanti; Hariyatno Dwiprabowo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 9 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Sebagian besar atau sekitar 95% bahan baku rotan untuk keperluan industri barang jadi rotan di Jawa berasal dari hutan-hutan alam Luar Jawa. Sejak tahun 1983 Perum Perhutani telan mengadakan rotan tanaman pada areal hutan produksinya. Untuk meningkatkan manfaat hutan, penanaman rotan dapat memberikan suatu alternatif pemecahan.Studi ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan hasil analisis sosial-ekonomi terhadap penanaman rotan untuk melihat manfaat ekonomisnya dengan data hasil survei lapangan dan data sekunder. Analisis dilakukan meliputi pendapatan pekerja pada berbagai kegiatan penanaman dan kontribusinya terhadap pendapatan total keluarga pekerja, biaya produksi rotan tanaman dan kriteria finansial rotan tanaman.Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan pekerja pada kegiatan perkecambahan adalah Rp Rp 65.000,- – Rp 285.000,- dalam satu bulan, namun kegiatan ini hanya berlangsung selama sebulan dalam satu tahun. Pendapatan ini memberikan kontribusi sebesar 6-26% terhadap pendapatan total keluarga pekerja. Pada kegiatan persemaian, pendapatan pekerja dapat mencapai Rp 65.000,- per bulan atau 56% dari pendapatan total keluarga dan kegiatan ini berlangsung sepanjang tahun. Dalam kegiatan penanaman, pendapatan pekerja rata-rata adalah Rp 81.000,- per bulan atau 17% dari pendapatan keluarga. Kegiatan berlangsung selama 3 bulan dalam setahun. Hasil analisis finansial terhadap tanaman pinus menunjukkan pendapatan bersih kepada perusahaan sebesar Rp 9.430.866,- per ha dengan daur 25 tahun dan tingkat lRR 15,05%. Jika dicampur dengan tanaman rotan maka pendapatan bersih mencapai .Rp 13.256.753,- dan lRR 16,36%.Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penanaman rotan dapat membawa manfaat sosial bagi masyarakat sekitar hutan dan pendapatan tambahan bagi perusahaan sehingga penanamannya perlu ditingkatkan untuk meningkatkan manfaat hutan

PERANAN PAJAK DALAM PENGATURAN EKSPOR HASIL HUTAN Setiasih Irawanti; Hariyatno Dwiprabowo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 4 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Being concerned with forest resources sustainability due to its extraction speed, Indonesia government tried to restrict forest products export by export bans during 1970s until the midle of 1980s, and by raising of export taxes since the end of 1980s.Export tax is one of government revenue sources. Indonesia government revenue from export tax is relatively small, it only accounts for 0,04% of the total government revenue , or 0,07% of the total revenue out of oil and gas.The more the development of the country, the higher thr governmnet’s revenue from income tax, firm tax, wage tax, and value added tax, and the more the government’s dependency on domestic sources. On the other hand, presently export tax revenue is relatively low. Indonesia government revenue from export tax is important, because the revenue from other taxes is small relatively.The higher the export tax rate, it will impose more restriction of forest products export flow. Statistically, at 99% confidence level, the increase of sawn timber export tax at the end of 1989 has given significant influence on the decrease of sawn timber export volume. Taxation policy is an effective instrument for allocation of forest product resources.Forest product export ban is one of non-tariff barrier, in which repleased by export tax policy is in accordance with GATT agreement. Levying of forest product export tax is a real measures of Indonesia government in executing sustainable development. As a tariff barier, axercising forest product export tax is a real measures of Indonesia government in executing sustainable development. As a tariff barier, exercising forest product export tax is not contrary to the consensus in international trading order.

ANALISIS PENGARUH KELEMBAGAAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN HTI-TRANSMIGRASI : Studi kasus di daerah Riau Setiasih Irawanti; B D Nasendi; Retno Maryani; Suwidji Basuki
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 6 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Transmigration-based Timber Estate (TTE) is an effort to combine transmigration programme and Timber Estate development, and it involves many institutions which sometimes have conflicting interests. The objective of this study is to identify existing institution, efficiency and effectiveness of TTE programme and to study the socio-economic condition of transmigrant.The result of analysis shows that community around forest adhered to traditional institution. And their understanding on the prevailing external institution of government and timber estate concession were relatively low. The aspiration of local community for having plantation usually ended up in chopping activity. Average chopped area was 13 Ha per household. This practice supported by village officials and made this institutional problem more complicated. Their claim of forest area as a customary right was triggered by their insecurity of a continous access to forest as a source of their livelihood.Only about 21,5% local community were willing to be relocated as a local transmigrant and only about 25-30% of those were worked effectively for timber estate, so TTE programme is yet considered effective in relocating, modifying way of life and improving participation of local community. The proprietary right on agricultural land in TTE programme was only 0,25Ha, so giving proprietary right on agricultural land in adequate extent is highly recommended.There were three kind of activities in timber estate development, namely land preparation,nursery, planting and weeding. Wage payment system on land preparation activity was contractual wages at about Rp 85.000-115.000 per Ha. The wage of nursery, planting and weeding activities were about Rp 4. 250- 4. 750 per day. Compared to the Regional Minimum Wages (UMR) for this region in 1993 which was Rp 4.150, labor wage of timber estate development met its social function. Average income labor family per month in land preparation was Rp 253. 600, whereas for planting and weeding was Rp 173. 100 and which nursery activity was Rp 163. 100. Compared to the Minimum Physical Needs (KFM) for this region which was Rp 266.197 in 1993, the earning of labor family from TTE was lower. It means their living condition had not improved yet.

ELASTISITAS SUBSTITUSI ANTAR FAKTOR PRODUKSI PADA INDUSTRI PENGGERGAJIA KAYU TROPIS (Elasticity of substitution between production factors on tropical sawn timber industry) Setiasih Irawanti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 5 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The objective of this study is to estimate elasticity of substitution, coefficient, and technological parameter on sawn timber industry analyzed is limited to the sawmill belongs to the forest concession.This study used primary data. Analysis of data is conducted using CES production function data analyzed are cross-section primary data on wage, capital value, and production value, collected from 13 forest concession sawmills.The result of CBS production function shows that the elasticity of substitution 0 = 0,5247, it means that power of substitution between capital and labor in sawn timber industry is low. Technological coefficient A = 4.9654 shows that the increase of sawn timber production level is about 5 times of the increasing capital and labor inputs. Distribution parameter β = 0,7114 shows that relative contribution of capital input is about 71 % and labor input is about 29% on sawn timber production. Sawn timber industry is a capital intensive, which means that the increase of production is more effective through the increasing of capital input. The revenue of sawn timber industry is distributed more to the owner of capital than to labor.

ANALISIS DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN TATA USAHA KAYU TERHADAP PENERIMAAN NEGARA DARI IURAN HASIL HUTAN DAN DAN REBOISASI: STUDI KASUS DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT Hendro Prahasto; Hariyatno D; Setiasih Irawanti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 15, No 4 (1997): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1997.15.4.279-290

Sistem pengawasan peredaran kayu bulat yang lemah menyebabkan penebangan kayu liar tidak mudah dikendalikan. Kebutuhan bahan baku kayu bulat Industri Pengolahan Kayu Hulu (IPKH) di Kalimantan Barat dipenuhi oleh Hak Pengusahaan Hutan (HPH) dan Izin Pemanfaatan Kayu (IPK) yang ada di Propinsi tersebut, luar Propinsi dan sebagian diduga dari tebangan liar. Selain itu ada tenggang waktu relatif lama antara penebangan kayu di hutan dan pembayaran iuran Hasil Hutan (IHH) dan Dana Reboisasi (DR) di IPKH. Akibatnya terjadi kerugian negara karena adanya peredaran kayu tebangan liar dan penurunan nilai uang karena kelambatan pembayaran IHH dan DR.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kebutuhan bahan baku industri kayu lapis dan kayu gergajian di Propinsi Kalimantan Barat adalah 2.831.366 m3 per tahun. Kebutuhan bahan baku tersebut 91,5% dipasok dari kayu bulat yang dilengkapi dokumen, dan sisanya 8,5% dipasok dari tebangan liar. Tenggang waktu pengangkutan kayu dari areal HPH sampai ke IPKH di propinsi yang sama rata-rata 226 hari atau 0,62 tahun dan dari luar propinsi rata- rata 330 hari atau 0,90 tahun. Kerugian negara akibat tebangan liar rata-rata Rp 14.234. 708.200 per tahun dan akibat kelambatan pembayaran IHH dan DR rata-rata Rp 19.597.577.000 per tahun, sehingga jumlah seluruhnya mencapai Rp 33.832.285.000 per tahun atau 22,05% dari total penerimaan negara dari IHH dan DR di propinsi tersebut.

PERKEMBANGAN EKSPOR LAMPIT ROTAN DI PROPINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN Setiasih Irawanti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 4 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Floor mats iB the main export commodity from South Kalimantan Province. The decrease of floor mats export demand from thiB province since the end of 1988 indicates the beginning of busine• slow down period of (loo'lt.. mats.The study results using multiple regreBBion analysiB, showed that among four variablesi.e. yen exchange rute against the US dollar (X1), interest rate in ~apan (Xa), t. he Indonesian government po_l~ to su11_port e~port of (iniBhed products nattan (Xa) ai1d change of season in Japan (X4), ,only two variablesgave a szgnlficant impact on the floor mats esport volume (denoted by Y). These two variablesare the yen exchange rate against US dollar (X 1) and the season (X4'. The relationship can be expreued by a multiple regresion equation as follows : In Y - 21.4608-3.0463 In x1-o.6206 In x2+0.2744 x3+0.7537 X4+E with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0,6367.

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