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ANALISIS PENGARUH KELEMBAGAAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN HTI-TRANSMIGRASI : Studi kasus di daerah Riau Setiasih Irawanti; B D Nasendi; Retno Maryani; Suwidji Basuki
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 6 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.6.239-252

Abstract

Transmigration-based Timber Estate (TTE) is an effort to combine transmigration programme and Timber Estate development, and it involves many institutions which sometimes have conflicting interests. The objective of this study is to identify existing institution, efficiency and effectiveness of TTE programme and to study the socio-economic condition of transmigrant.The result of analysis shows that community around forest adhered to traditional institution. And their understanding on the prevailing external institution of government and timber estate concession were relatively low. The aspiration of local community for having plantation usually ended up in chopping activity. Average chopped area was 13 Ha per household. This practice supported by village officials and made this institutional problem more complicated. Their claim of forest area as a customary right was triggered by their insecurity of a continous access to forest as a source of their livelihood.Only about 21,5% local community were willing to be relocated as a local transmigrant and only about 25-30% of those were worked effectively for timber estate, so TTE programme is yet considered effective in relocating, modifying way of life and improving participation of local community. The proprietary right on agricultural land in TTE programme was only 0,25Ha, so giving proprietary right on agricultural land in adequate extent is highly recommended.There were three kind of activities in timber estate development, namely land preparation,nursery, planting and weeding. Wage payment system on land preparation activity was contractual wages at about Rp 85.000-115.000 per Ha. The wage of nursery, planting and weeding activities were about Rp 4. 250- 4. 750 per day. Compared to the Regional Minimum Wages (UMR) for this region in 1993 which was Rp 4.150, labor wage of timber estate development met its social function. Average income labor family per month in land preparation was Rp 253. 600, whereas for planting and weeding was Rp 173. 100 and which nursery activity was Rp 163. 100. Compared to the Minimum Physical Needs (KFM) for this region which was Rp 266.197 in 1993, the earning of labor family from TTE was lower. It means their living condition had not improved yet. 
ANALISIS EKONOMI DAN KELEMBAGAAN HUTAN RAKYAT SISTEM AGROFORESTRI KOMBINASI JENIS POHON SERBAGUNA DAN KAKAO : Suatu studi kasus di propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara R Marsuki Iswandi; Affendi Anwar; B D Nasendi; Hermanto Siregar
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 4 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.4.153-168

Abstract

The agroforestry system  is often  undertaken by famers  in Indonesia specifically for  the development  of multi  purpose  tree species in dry land.   Farmers use the agroforeftry  system  because of ils efficient usage of land and labor and to minimize the risk of crop failure.The agroforestry system  in Southeast  Sulawesi  consists  of planting  cocoa  among multi purpose  tree species  (MPTS), like fruit  trees   (such as langsat or durian) and coconut  trees. The average income earned by  farmers  who apply the combination of langsat, coconut and cocoa was Rp  2.378.825,-/ha/year.  The average income earned by farmers  who apply the combination of  durian, coconut  and  cocoa  was  Rp 2.378.827,-/ha/year.  Financially,  the agroforestry  system  with MPTS  in  Southeast  Sulawesi  is  worth undertaking  because  it  is profitable.From the farmers  point  of view,  the marketing of langsat, durian,  coconut and cocoa is not competitive,  since  farmers  are on the weak side in the price information process.   The results of the analysis of price transmision elasticity,  the index of market integration in the short-run and  in  the  long-run,  show  that  the  market  for  the  above  mentioned   commodities  is  not integrated.   The reason for  this is because of  the inefficiency and deficiency in the availability of market information.The institutional system in the marketing process of the commodities offered by the farmersis  relatively  informal.     In  the  marketing  process   of  langsat,  durian  and  coconut,   the relationship between farmers  and traders can be described as clientelism (patron-client).    On the other hand,  in the marketing of cocoa,  the  farmers  have a fixed  relationship with their market  institutions  like papalele,   whereby  the farmers   receive  working capital from   local traders to harvest and to produce and sale the cocoa to the local market.Key words  :  private  forest,  agroforestry,   MPTS,  income,   marketing,   institution,   Southeast Sulawesi.