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Jamal Balfas
pusat penelitian dan pengembangan hasil hutan
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PENGARUH PERACUNAN TRIKLOPIR DAN POLA PENGGERGAJIAN TERHADAP SIFAT PENGGERGAJIAN KAYU RASAMALA (ALTINGIA EXCELSA NORONHA) Osly Rachman; Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 5 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.5.292-298

Abstract

The  objective  of  this study   is to determine   the  sawing properties   of  triclopyr  poisoned   rasamala logs compared   to the girdled and normal ones.   The effect  of sawing pattern  on sawing properties   were also observed.The  log samples  used  in this  experiment  comprise  of  18 pieces  which  were collected  from  three different groups  of tree  (poisoned   and  girdled  in one  year periode,   and control).   Six  logs of  each group  were sawn  in two  sawing patterns, namely   live sawing  and  semi-quarter   sawing.   Parameters  of  sawing observed  include  recovery,  productivity,  power   con- sumption,   and sawn timber  defects,  particulary  splits and bowing.The  results  of  study   revealed  that  moisture  content   of poisoned   logs was 20%  lower  than  the  normal  one.   Mean-while,   both  moisture  content  of girdled logs and poisoned   ones are not significantly  diferent.       Poisoning  treatment   on  rasamala trees  in comparison   to girdled and normal ones did not show  significant  difference in  any  sawing properties,   except   sawing productivity.   The  sawing  recovery,  power   consumption,    splits  and  bowing  of sawn  timber  were  62%;  32.37  watt  sec./cm2,     5.21   cm  and  3.91   cm,   respectively.   The  live sawing could  increase the pro- ductivity as much  as 0.18   m3 /hour  higher than semi-quarter   sawing.
PENENTUAN PENUMPULAN PISAU PADA PERMUKAAN KAYU Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 2 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1994.12.2.109-113

Abstract

The wear of wood cutting tools is, generally, the process which makes a usable tool unfit for continued use. The replacement of the worn cutter either by reconditioning or substitution of a new one represents a necessary cost which can be minimized by controlling tool wear. Numerous studies have been conducted through direct observations on the cutting edge using a variety of photographic methods. Such observations are quite complicated and can hardly be introduced to industrial practices. This study is aimed to explore a possibility of determining cutting tool wear indirectly through the work piece observation. It is based on assumption that knife blunting has a direct bearing on the quality of the finished product, i.e., changing the geometry of cutting marks on the wood surface.Boards of two wood species, rasamala and mangium, were seasoned to air-dry condition and planed using new sharp knives at one feed speed of 30 m/min. Observations were carried out sequentially at 5 planing distances, i.e., 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 m. Cutting marks geometry on the wood surface was distinguished by rubbing the surface gently with a carbon paper. Measurements of cutting marks and the width of cutting peak were undertaken using a digital calliper. Results showed that values of cutting marks and width of cutting peaks markedly increased with increasing planing distances. Blunting process was significantly affected by wood species. Knives used for planing rasamala boards blunted quicker than those used for mangium. These, to some extend, revealed a possible use of cutting marks structure on wood surface for determining the wear of cutting edge.
SIFAT PENGGERGAJIAN DAN PEMESINAN ENAM JENIS KAYU HTI Jamal Balfas; Osly Rachman Rachman
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 5 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.5.343-346

Abstract

This paper  presented   the  result  of  study   on  sawing  and  machining  properties   of  six  Indonesian   wood  species  being developed   as raw  materials  for  the  wood   working   industries.   The  sawing  properties   studied   comprise   of  sawn  timber recovery,   sawing  velocity   and power   consumption.    Whereas  the  machining  properties   of  the  timber  were tested  according to  the  modified   ASTM D-1666   as described   in the  Forest  Products  Research  Institute   Report   No.   160  (1982).The   result  showed   that  all of  the  species  has good  sawn  timber  recovery,   i.e.  more  than 50%. Three of  them  can be cut  eastiy wilh  higher  sawing  velocity   and  lower  power  consumption    in comparison  with  the other  three.  The species  that have good or very good  machining  properties   is merkuyung   (Shorea johorensis).  Species  of  meranti  merah  (Shorea  fallax) has  relatively  poor   machining  properties.    Whereas  the  other  four  species  are good   in some  properties   and  fair  to poor in others.
PENGARUH EKSTRAKSI DAN PENGERINGAN TERHADAP DERAJAT PEMBAHASAN PERMUKAAN DAN KETEGUHAN REKATAN KAYU (The effect of extraction and oven-drying on wood surface wettability and bond strength) Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 6 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1993.11.6.222-227

Abstract

Wood blocks measuring 10 min (radial) x 25 mm (tongitudinal) of regrowth karri (eucalyptus diversicolor F. musfi.) and jarrah (E.marginata ex sm.) were used in this study. The extraction treatment was preceded by a preliminary experiment to determine the effect of extraction on percentage weight loss of wood blocks and extractive yield. Five extraction times were used, 8,16,32,64 and 128 hours, further experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of oven-drying hot-water extraction an a combination of the two treatments on wattability and shear strength of karri and jarrah laminates, panels were made by gluing pairs of laminates with resorcinol formaldehyde at a spread rate  of 1.2 mg/mm2. The preliminary experiment showed that water soluble extractives removed from wood blocks increased with increasing time of extraction. The amount of extractives removed was approximately three times greater is karri than in jarrah. Extending the extraction period beyond 32 hours resulted in collapse, bowing and checking of the wood blocks during drying. Results from the initial experiments revealed that either oven drying, extraction or the combination of the two treatments have all significantly (p<0.01) reduced wettability and shear strength of the wood laminates. There was no significant relationship between wettability and shear strength for both regrowth eucalyptus.
KEAWETAN KAYU TUSAM (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vr.) DAN MANGIUM (Acacia mangium Willd.) SETELAH FURFURILASI Jamal Balfas; Ginuk Sumarni
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 7 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1995.13.7.259-265

Abstract

Two regrowth wood species, i.e. tusam (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vr.) and mangium (Acacia mangium Wild.) were used in this study. Specimens measuring 25 mm x 25 mm x 50 mm and 5 mm x 25 mm x 25 mm were prepared for testing against dry-wood termite (Cryptotermes) and subteranean termite (Coptotermes) respectively. All specimens were air-dried  to approxi mately 16-18%  moisture content. One group of the specimens was further  oven - dried to reach moisture  content of  6-8%.  Furfurylation  was carried out by soaking  wood specimens for 24 hours  in a 98% fuifuryl  alcohol  solution  containing  0.35%  (v/v) of  ZnCl2  as catalyst. Furfurylated specimens were then cured at  l000C  for 48 hours.  Control and treated specimens were exposed to dry-wood and subteranean termites for 12 and 4 weeks respectively.Treated specimens revealed a weight gains of  10 to 40 % depending on size of specimens and  wood species. Speciesmens usd for testing drywood termites gained less weight than those of  subteranean termites. Tusam  specimens  markedly  showed  a  higher  weight  gain  than mangium.  Furfurylation using method 1 resulted in comparable weight gain to that of method 2. Control specimens of tusam an mangium are both encountered susceptible to dry-wood and subteranean  termite  attacts.  Tusam  had  less initial durability  against  Coptotermes  than mangium, but the wood species had a similar durability against Cryptotermess.  The modified wood with furfuryl alcohol abviously possessed an improved durability  upon the two termites. Tusam specimens gained more durability improvement than mangium.
STABILISASI DIMENSI PADA KAYU TANAMAN KARRI (EUCALYPTUS DIVERSICOLOR) DAN JARRAH (E. MARGINATA) BAGIAN I : ASETILASI Dimensional stabilization on regrowth karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) and jarrah (E. Marginata) Part I : Acetylation Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 3 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1993.11.3.89-91

Abstract

Wood blocks of karri and jarrah  measuring 10 mm (radial) x 25 mm (longitudinal) x  100 mm (tangential) were ovendried for  48 hours at 105°C prior  to treatment.  Acetylation  was carried out in 250 ml- reactor  vessels using a 25  %  (v/v) solution of acetic anhydride in xylene.  Three reaction times, i.e., 8, 16 and 24 hours were used for  each wood type. Treatment results are expressed in terms  of weight gain (VG) and volumetric gain (VG). The ability  of treatment to restrict  dimensional changes is expressed as anti­ swelling efficiency (ASE). Results showed that the weight and volume of both eucalypts specimens substantially increased after acety- lation. In all cases, karri specimens showed higher weight gain, volumetric gain and ASE than jarrah.  The effectiveness of acetylation increased with increases in reaction time. Volumetric swelling reduction of more thaw 80% was found in the two regrowth eucalvots.
PEMANFAATAN KAYU HASIL PENJARANGAN DARI HUTAN TANAMAN (HTI) UNTUK PEMBUATAN PRODUK INTERIOR Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 4 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1994.12.4.145-149

Abstract

Regrowth forests in Indonesia have eesentially been developed since several centuries ago particularly in Java for the luxury timber species such as teak (Tectona grandis), rasamala (Altingia excelsea), Sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia), mahoni (Swietenia spp.), etc. In this system the young plantation always have surplus trees which are likely to cause overcrowding and furthermore reducing the growth of bigger trees. Accordingly, at certain ages (depending on species, site class, etc.) the surplus trees are thinned out regularly throughout the planting cycle to achieve a maximum timber yield. Each thinning will produce a plenty of small-sized logs which are generally considered too small for sawmills or plymills. Such logs are commonly used for firewood or other low value products, or even left to rot in the forest floor.This study investigated a technical possibility of turning the waste wood into useful interior products, such as table top, furniture blanks, window and door frames, etc. Thinned logs of two wood species, tusam (Pinus merkusii) and damar (Agathis lorantifolia) collected from a government company plantation in West Java were used in this study. Procedures of saving logs into boards, drying and further machining processes were basically undertaken according to the convetional practices. Furniture blanks, table tops and large planks were manufactured by side-jointing and or laminating thin boards with a simple clamping procedures. Polyvinyl acetate and resorcinol formaldehyde adhesives were uesd for constructing blanks and planks respectively. The results revealed thar interior products made up from the thinned logs possessed a comparable characteristics to those made from mature timbers. Table tops and blanks built from three layers of laminates gave a better concictency in shape and straightness than the one layer side joint panels.
SIFAT PEMESINAN BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU DARI DAERAH KALIMANTAN BARAT DAN JAWA BARAT Osly Rachman; Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 3 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.3.187-198

Abstract

Machining  properties   of  16  wood  species  from   West Kalimantan   and  West Java has been  identified   using the  modified  ASTM   D-1666  which  was described  in the  Forest  Products   Research  Institute  Report   No.  160  (1982).   The  samples (25 pieces/species)    were dried  to  equilibrium   moisture   content   condition   (15  to  18% of MC).  The  machining  properties tested  are planing,  shaping,   boring,  turning  and  sanding.Seven  species  that  have  good   to  very  good  machining  properties   are  kenari  I, kenari II,  kemayau,   belangeran,  ki sampang,  ki  endog  and  surian  bawang.   The  best  machining properties,   however,   were  found   on johar,  gadog and putat. Whereas the  other  species  are good  or  very good  in some  properties   and  fair or  even poor  in others,
PENGARUH PENGERJAAN AKHIR TERHADAP STABILITAS DlMENSI KAYU Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 4 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1992.10.4.70-75

Abstract

This study  was designed   to determine the ability  of six  commercial exterior finishes  (2 clear coats  and 4 opaque  coats)  in  protecting wood from   dimensional changes.   Two wood species,  jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) and mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.)  were used in this study.   Samples were  seasoned to air-dry condition  (moisture content of 15-17%)and  then  divided into groups on the basis of treatments and groin orientation (radial and tangential).  Application of each exterior finish  was undertaken according to procedures  suggested by the finish  manufacturer. The  effectiveness of treatments to dimensionally  stabilize wood was determined by measurements of wood swelling within 72-hours  immersion and calculation of a.:d-.swelling efficiency (ASE). Results of observations made to this stage showed that the effect  of finishing on wood dimensional stability varied according  to wood species, grain orientation and type of finish  coat. Finishing had a greater dimensional stabilizing effect  on Jabon than mangium.  Reduction of swelling due to finishing was greater in tangential compared to radial boards.  The use of clear coats significantly gave less protection on wood stability than that of opaque coats.  Anti-swelling efficiency of all treatments markedly decreased with increasing period of  immersion.
SIFAT PEMESINAN BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU ASAL IRIAN JAYA Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 3 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1994.12.3.84-88

Abstract

Nine wood species collected  from  Sarong,  Iriarn Jayo,  were observed for  their machining properties.   Sawing characteristics (feed speed and surface smoothness) of each species were observed to  determine its cutting-ability. Other machining properties  (planing, shaping,  boring.  turning and sanding)  were determined according  to the modifled  ASTM D-1666 method  as  festly   described in  the  Forest  Products Research  Institute  Report  No.  160  (1982).  Planing and shaping of samples  were  observed  in wet  condition (above EMC) and again after air-drying, whereas  the remaining  properties  were  observed  only  at  air-dry condition.Results showed that most of the species couid be sawn fairly easily, and  indicaud a variation  in cutting surface qualjty, ranging from rough  to  smooth.   One species,  i.e.,   goh  (T.richadenia phiilippinensis)   was  quite difficult  to  saw for  its  irregular  (partly nterlocked) grain orientation and very  high density.   Testing of wood  samples in wet condition produced  a satisfactory planing and shaping  quality for most  wood species.  However,  testing   at   air-dry  condition  significantly revealed  a better  machining  quality. Based on the  machining characteristics  observed  on  the  nine wood species from  Sorong,  it is recommendable  to use the timbers  for  woodworking purposes.   
Co-Authors Adi Santoso Dede Rohadi Efrida Basri Ginuk Sumarni Jamaludin Malik osly rachman Osly Rachman Rachman