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All Journal Farmaka Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research
Sofa D. Alfian
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Kausalitas dalam Farmakoepidemiologi NUJAIMAH RAHMAWATI SHOLEH; Sofa D. Alfian
Farmaka Vol 14, No 2 (2016): Suplemen
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (320.218 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/jf.v14i2.10836

Abstract

Studi epidemiologi memiliki tujuan untuk mencari penyebab dari suatu penyakit yang didasarkan pada asosiasi dengan berbagai macam faktor risiko. Untuk membuat kesimpulan mengenai penyebab penyakit, pertama-tama perlu mengklasifikasi arti kausalitas. Dalam hubungan kausal terdapat kriteria yang dapat menunjukkan hubungan antara paparan dengan hasil dalam suatu penelitian. Selain itu, dalam penelitian terdapat pula faktor-faktor yang dapat mengurangi  validitas yang berasal dari bias dan kerancuan. Digunakan beberapa metode untuk mengatasi bias dan kerancuan dalam penelitian serta untuk mengontrol kerancuan tersebut.Metode pencarian pada artikel review ini melalui situs NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) dengan berdasarkan kata kunci,identify causation andassociation in pharmacoepidemiology, criteria for determination of causation, biasin  pharmacoepidemiology, dan methodology used to address potential bias.Berdasarkan hasil review, kriteria kausal dalam farmakoepidemiologi meliputi kekuatan, konsistensi, spesifisitas, temporalitas, gradien biologi, theoritical plausability, coherence, bukti eksperimental dan analogi. Selain itu terdapat tiga sumber bias, yaitu bias informasi, bias seleksi dan faktor perancu. Untuk mengendalikan kerancuan terdapat beberapa metode yang meliputi randomisasi (pengocokan), restriksi (pembatasan), matching (pencocokan), stratifikasi, dan multivariate models.Kata kunci: Kriteria kausal, bias, metode pengendalian bias, perancu
ARTIKEL REVIEW: SUMBER DATA DALAM FARMAKOEPIDEMIOLOGI Oryza Sativa Sinuhaji; Sofa D. Alfian
Farmaka Vol 14, No 2 (2016): Suplemen
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (345.727 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/jf.v14i2.10839

Abstract

Sumber data dalam farmakoepidemiologi adalah informasi optimal dari subjek mengenai penggunaan obat dan efek obat dalam populasi yang dapat diintegrasikan pada pemahaman tentang data dan metode analisis. Artikel review ini berisi informasi sumber data dalam studi farmakoepidemiologi dengan tujuan mendapatkan perbandingan kerugian dan keuntungan penggunaan setiap sumber data. Jenis sumber data yang dimaksud yaitu, pelaporan langsung (spontaneous reporting), database pelayanan kesehatan (automated healthcare database), catatan medis (surveillance), rekam medis (electronic medical records), survei nasional (national survey), dan pemantauan resep (prescription-event monitoring). Referensi yang digunakan berupa jurnal ilmiah dan artikel ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan sumber data dalam farmakoepidemiologi melalui situs NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Hasil artikel review ini adalah perbandingan keuntungan dan kerugian dari setiap sumber data dalam farmakoepidemiologi. Setiap sumber data memudahkan peneliti dalam memperoleh data dan hasil yang sesuai dengan kondisi dari populasi, waktu dan lokasi penelitianKata kunci: sumber data, farmakoepidemiologi. 
The Effect of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs on the Effectiveness of Anti-Retroviral Therapy in HIV-AIDS Patients Hasriana Hasriana; Sofa D. Alfian; Tiana Milanda; Rizky Abdulah
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (234.201 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v2i1.16214

Abstract

Tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection and a leading cause of death among patients who infected by Humman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATB) on the effectiveness of anti-retroviral (ARV) therapy in HIV–AIDS infected patients.This study was a prospective cohort study conducted at outpatient clinic of Abepura Hospital during April-June 2015. The data were taken from medical records, which include CD4 level, gen-der, age, education and stage of disease. Statistical analysis was performed using bivariateand multiple regression analysis. A total of 28 subjects was included in this study (7 HIV patients and 21 TB-HIV patients). The results of bivariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference on general characteristics of patients using ARV-ATB and without ATB. Gender, age, occupation, education and the stage of disease did not affect the value of CD4 patients (p>0.005). The result from paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the level of CD4 cell, before and after treatment using ARV (p˃0.912), while therapy with ARV-ATB showed significant differences (p˂0.002). In conclusion, this study showed that the combination of ATB and ARV could increase CD4 level up to 72%. Thus, the use of ATB drugs on ARV patients who infected by TB is recommended to reduce disease burden.Keywords: anti-retroviral therapy , HIV- AIDS, tuberculosis
Hepatotoxicity Effects of Alcohol Consumption during Paracetamol Therapy of Malaria Patients Fonny Dinge; Sofa D. Alfian; Rizky Abdulah; Sri A. Sumiwi
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (242.442 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v2i2.15244

Abstract

The risk of paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity could increase with alcohol consumption.Paracetamol was usually given to tropical malaria patients to treat fever. The aim of this studywas to determine the hepatotoxicity effect of alcohol consumption in malaria tropica patientsreceiving paracetamol. This study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted duringApril-June 2015 at a hospital in Jayapura, Indonesia. The data were obtained from questionnairesand medical records. Alcohol status was determined by Short Michigan Alcoholics ScreeningTest (SMAST) questionnaire. Level of ALT, AST and bilirubin were observed before and afterreceiving paracetamol therapy for 5 days. Based on the results, the ALT and bilirubin levels ofalcoholic group were higher than in non-alcoholic. However, chi-square test showed that alcoholstatus did not have a significant influence in ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels. Otherwise,logistic regression analysis showed that age gave a significant effect on AST level (P=0.067).Keywords: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alcohol,malaria
Co-Authors Fonny Dinge Hasriana Hasriana NUJAIMAH RAHMAWATI SHOLEH Oryza Sativa Sinuhaji Rizky Abdulah Sri A. Sumiwi TIANA MILANDA