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Kitosan sebagai Eksipien dalam Sistem Penghantaran Obat Baru HISBAN HAMID ARIFKI; NADYA NURUL ZAMAN; WENNI HARTATI P. PAKPAHAN; KATARINA SILALAHI; INDAH PERTIWI; NASRUL WATHONI
Farmaka Vol 16, No 3 (2018): Suplemen (September)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (348.028 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/jf.v16i3.17781

Abstract

Teknologi di bidang farmasi terus berkembang, salah satunya saat ini dikembangkan  formulasi sediaan obat dengan teknologi Novel Drug Delivery System yang dapat memaksimalkan proses penghantaran obat. Tujuan pembuatan artikel review ini memberikan gambaran tentang kitosan sebagai eksipien alami yang digunakan dalam sistem penghantaran obat baru. Kitosan sebagai polimer alami memiliki sifat biokompatibilitas, biodegradabilitas, relatif murah, non-toksisitas, alergenisitas rendah sehingga banyak dipilih sebagai zat eksipien dalam sediaan NDDS. Metode yang telah banyak digunakan yaitu menjadikan kitosan dan zat aktif ke dalam bentuk microsphere dan nanocomposites, namun pemilihan metode sangat bergantung kepada sifat fisikokimia zat aktif yang digunakan. Saat ini, penggunaan kitosan sebagai eksipien NDDS sangat berperan penting dalam meningkatkan bioavaibilitas obat di dalam tubuh dalam periode tertentu agar tercapai efek terapi yang maksimal.
Efforts to Increase Curiosity Through Cooperative Lectures Type Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) with Guided Discovery Approach in Economics Mathematics Course Indah Pertiwi
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol 4 No 1 (2023): VOL 4 NO 1 APRIL 2023
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/ijess.v4i1.144

Abstract

The objectives of this study include: (1) To determine the implementation of cooperative lectures of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) type with a guided discovery approach in the economic mathematics course of students of the D3 Accounting Study Program, Pamulang University, (2) To determine the results of the improvement curiosity in the application of cooperative lectures of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) type with a guided discovery approach in the mathematical economics course of students of the D3 Accounting Study Program, Pamulang University, and (3) To find out the obstacles faced by lecturers and students as well as the efforts made in the application of cooperative lectures of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) type with a guided discovery approach in economic mathematics courses for students of the D3 Accounting Study Program, Pamulang University. Research on efforts to increase curiosity through STAD type cooperative learning with a guided discovery approach in economics mathematics courses is a type of Classroom Action Research. This Classroom Action Research is intended to overcome a problem or improve a learning in the classroom. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to change the initial situation or condition to the expected condition (improvement oriented). Based on the results of research and discussion, it is concluded that learning mathematics using the STAD type cooperative model with a guided discovery approach can increase the curiosity of D3 Accounting students at Pamulang University. Learning mathematics using the STAD type cooperative model with a guided discovery approach at the D3 Accounting at Pamulang University has been carried out according to the procedure. The implementation of mathematics learning using the STAD type cooperative model with a guided discovery approach has been carried out following the steps that have been set.
Tinjauan Literatur: Mekanisme Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC.) Indah Pratiwi; Diding Pradita; Indah Pertiwi; Yulia Safitri Limbong
Jurnal Indah Sains dan Klinis Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Indah Sains dan Klinis
Publisher : Yayasan Penelitian dan Inovasi Sumatera

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52622/jisk.v6i1.04

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Infeksi bakteri patogen masih menjadi salah satu tantangan utama dalam dunia kesehatan, apalagi dengan meningkatnya kasus resistensi antibiotik yang membuat pengobatan infeksi semakin sulit. Kondisi ini mendorong para peneliti untuk mencari alternatif lain yang lebih aman, mudah diakses, dan tetap efektif. Salah satu sumber yang kini banyak dilirik adalah tanaman obat, termasuk kulit jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix DC.), yang secara tradisional dikenal memiliki banyak manfaat kesehatan. Tujuan: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau berbagai literatur terkait potensi antibakteri dari ekstrak kulit jeruk purut, termasuk senyawa aktif yang dikandungnya, cara kerjanya terhadap bakteri, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitasnya. Metode: Proses tinjauan dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan berbagai publikasi ilmiah yang diterbitkan dalam kurun waktu 2010 hingga 2024, menggunakan database seperti Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect. Literatur dipilih berdasarkan relevansi dengan topik, kualitas publikasi, serta ketersediaan informasi terkait senyawa aktif, aktivitas antibakteri, dan mekanisme kerjanya. Fokus pencarian difokuskan pada kata kunci seperti Citrus hystrix, antibacterial mechanism, phytochemicals, dan natural antimicrobial agents. Hasil: Berbagai sumber yang ditinjau, ditemukan bahwa kulit jeruk purut kaya akan senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid (naringin, hesperidin, narirutin), minyak atsiri (limonene, citronellal, dan β-pinene), tanin, dan saponin. Senyawa-senyawa ini menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap berbagai jenis bakteri Gram-positif dan Gram-negatif. Cara kerjanya antara lain dengan merusak dinding dan membran sel bakteri, mengganggu sintesis protein dan DNA, serta menghambat kerja enzim yang penting bagi kelangsungan hidup sel bakteri. Aktivitas antibakteri ini juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh metode ekstraksi, jenis pelarut, dan konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan. Kesimpulan: Tinjauan ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit jeruk purut punya potensi besar untuk dikembangkan sebagai agen antibakteri alami. Selain relatif aman dan mudah diperoleh, ekstrak ini juga menunjukkan mekanisme kerja yang beragam sehingga berpeluang untuk melawan bakteri yang sudah kebal terhadap antibiotik tertentu. Namun, diperlukan penelitian lanjutan yang lebih mendalam, terutama untuk memastikan konsistensi senyawa aktifnya, uji keamanan, dan efektivitasnya dalam skala klinis. Dengan pendekatan ilmiah yang tepat, kulit jeruk purut bisa menjadi salah satu solusi alami untuk menghadapi krisis resistensi antibiotik yang sedang kita hadapi saat ini.
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Mobe Leaves (Artocarpus lacucha Buch-Ham.) on Caspase-3 Expression in Liver Tissue Rats Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride: English Lubis, Meiva Amelia; Indah Pertiwi; Damayanti
Asian Multidisciplinary Research Journal of Economy and Learning Vol. 2 No. 7 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : CV. ARGA FARMA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70471/nvgf9h70

Abstract

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a commonly used hepatotoxic agent to induce liver injury via oxidative stress and the activation of hepatocyte apoptosis. One hallmark of apoptosis is the increased expression of Caspase-3, a key executor enzyme in the programmed cell death pathway. The ethanol extract of Mobe leaves (Artocarpus lacucha Buch-Ham.) is known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and triterpenoids, which have demonstrated hepatoprotective potential. This study investigates the hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of Mobe leaves (EEML) on Caspase-3 expression in the liver tissues of rats induced by carbon tetrachloride. This experimental study utilized 30 male rats randomly assigned into six groups. The negative control group received CCl₄ - and CMC-Na 1%, while the positive control group received silymarin and CCl₄. Four treatment groups received oral doses of EEML at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight for 15 days with CCl₄ induction. Caspase-3 expression in liver tissue was analyzed using the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method and quantified based on the number of positively stained cells across five microscopic fields. The results showed a significant reduction in Caspase-3 expression (p<0.05) in the EEML-treated groups compared to the negative control, with the 400 mg/kg dose achieving an effect comparable to silymarin. These findings suggest that EEML possesses hepatoprotective properties through apoptosis inhibition, evidenced by decreased Caspase-3 expression in CCl₄ injured liver tissue.
Pemanfaatan Ecobrick dari Botol Bekas untuk Tugu Tulisan di Toapaya Selatan: Solusi Ramah Lingkungan Samuel Crisna Prandaka; Ragil Wahyu Ramadhan; Indah Pertiwi; Hidayah Andreani; Zaria Tasya; Putri Azzahra; Ponita Ponita; Agusmawati Alya Putri; Marcel Wangnandra; Nur Asma Riani Siregar
SAFARI :Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Oktober : SAFARI :Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia
Publisher : BADAN PENERBIT STIEPARI PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56910/safari.v5i4.3204

Abstract

Plastic waste pollution has become an increasingly complex environmental challenge, especially in coastal areas and islands such as the Riau Islands Province. South Toapaya Village, located in Bintan Regency, faces serious problems related to waste accumulation, especially plastic, originating from household activities and waste flows from surrounding areas. This situation is exacerbated by a waste management system that is still limited, fragmented, and not yet fully sustainable. This article explores the potential of ecobricks as an innovative community-based approach to address this pressing issue. Ecobrick plastic bottles filled with clean, dry inorganic waste offer a simple yet effective strategy to reduce waste while producing modular building materials. The main focus of this study is the application of ecobricks in the construction of village landmark monuments, which are expected to become symbolic markers of local identity. This approach not only offers a technical solution to plastic pollution but also serves as a means to strengthen cultural identity and encourage collective community participation. The success of this initiative depends on continuous education, intensive socialization, and cross-sector collaboration. In this way, the project is expected to generate ecological and social benefits simultaneously, contributing to sustainable rural development in the region.