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Validitas dan Reliabilitas Perceived Future Employability Scale untuk Dewasa Muda Matius, Anastasia Christy; Gunawan, William
Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi Vol. 27 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/10.20885/psikologika.vol27.iss1.art3

In this era of the 4th industrial revolution, one of the challenges we face is employment. There has been a decrease in job opportunities, while competition has also increased. The unemployment rate also continues to increase annually, especially among university graduates. Students need to be aware of how ready they are to enter the labor market after completing their studies. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Perceived Future Employability Scale (PFES), to identify whether the Indonesian version of the instrument is valid and reliable. PFES is expected to assist students to get an overview of how ready they are to enter the labor market, so they can prepare themselves better and know what still needs to improve. The process carried out includes a Focused Group Discussion (FGD), forward-backward translation, expert review, readability test, expert judgment, and data collection. The research design is in the form of an online questionnaire. The number of samples in this study amounted to 467 university students aged 18-30 years old. This study examined the construct validity and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha). PFES has a strong positive correlation with the instrument that measures similar construct, and has a low negative correlation with the instrument that measures different construct. The results also indicated a high level of reliability. Thus, the Indonesian version of the PFES measuring instrument is a valid and reliable measuring instrument.

Navigating The Future: Exploring The Link Between Proactive Personality and Career Adaptability Among College Students in Indonesia Namalase, Brilliana Soroi; Gunawan, William
Jurnal Paedagogy Vol. 12 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jp.v12i4.16771

This research explores the link between career adaptability and proactive personality among university students in Indonesia. Employing a quantitative correlational design, the study utilized a career adaptability scale and a proactive personality scale as instruments. A total of 1,590 students aged 18–25 years from six provinces across Java Island participated, selected through a cluster quota sampling technique. The hypothesis proposed that career adaptability would show a positive correlation with proactive personality, including its sub-dimensions. Data were examined using Spearman’s correlation analysis, resulting in a correlation coefficient of r = 0.651 (p < 0.001). This outcome demonstrates a significant positive association between career adaptability and proactive personality, thereby confirming the hypothesis. The results highlight that students with stronger proactive personality traits are more likely to exhibit higher levels of career adaptability. These findings serve as a foundation for developing targeted interventions and programs that foster proactive personality to strengthen students' career preparedness and adaptability in response to the evolving labor market.

Hardiness dan Adaptabilitas Karier pada Dewasa Awal di DKI Jakarta Christian, Natalia; Gunawan, William
PSIKOLOGI KONSELING Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Psikologi Konseling
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/konseling.v16i1.60080

Dalam era dinamis dunia kerja saat ini, fenomena job hopping di mana individu beralih pekerjaan secara berulang dalam rentang waktu yang relatif singkat, menjadi semakin umum terutama di kalangan dewasa awal. Dalam konteks ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hardiness dan adaptabilitas karier pada dewasa awal. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 407 orang dalam rentang usia 25-40 tahun. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah Career Adapt-Abilities Scale Short-Form (CAAS-SF) dan Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15) yang telah diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner untuk mengukur tingkat korelasi hardiness dan adaptabilitas karier. Hasil analisis korelasi spearman™s rho menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara hardiness dengan adaptabilitas karier (r= 0.233, p<.001), menunjukkan bahwa individu dengan tingkat hardiness yang lebih tinggi cenderung memiliki tingkat career adaptability yang lebih baik.

Analisis Pengaruh Hexagon Fraud Model Terhadap Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan pada Perusahaan Sektor Consumer Non-Cyclicals Subindustri Makanan Olahan Periode 2019-2023 Gunawan, William; Tjandrawan, Denny Iskandar
As-Syirkah: Islamic Economic & Financial Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): As-Syirkah: Islamic Economic & Financial Journal
Publisher : Ikatan Da'i Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56672/541bgb57

This study analyzes the influence of the Hexagon Fraud Model on financial statement fraud in Consumer Non-Cyclicals companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2019-2023. The study examines six key factors in the model: financial pressure (proxied by company financial stability), perpetrator ability (measured through director turnover), collusion (reflected through company culture), opportunity (measured through the effectiveness of internal control), rationalization (proxied through external auditor turnover), and ego (as a latent variable not directly proxied). This research is motivated by the inconsistency of previous empirical findings regarding the influence of each of these factors on financial statement fraud. Some studies show a positive and significant correlation between financial pressure and fraud, while others find no such relationship. Similarly, the influence of other factors such as monitoring, auditor and director turnover, also shows diverse results. Using a quantitative approach, this study empirically tests the influence of the six factors of the Hexagon Fraud Model on financial statement fraud. Secondary data in the form of company financial statements and data related to good corporate governance will be collected and analyzed using regression analysis. The research results are expected to provide significant empirical contributions to understanding the determinants of financial statement fraud in Indonesia, particularly in the Consumer Non-Cyclicals sector. These findings are expected to have practical implications for regulators, investors, and company management in efforts to prevent and early detect financial statement fraud. Furthermore, this study seeks to fill the knowledge gap and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities of the factors that contribute to financial statement fraud.

Career optimism of Jakarta’s University students Br Colia, Ria Febrina; Gunawan, William
Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan dan Konseling: Jurnal Kajian Psikologi Pendidikan dan Bimbingan Konseling VOLUME 11 NUMBER 2 DECEMBER 2025
Publisher : Program Studi bimbingan Konseling PPs UNM Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/jppk.v11i2.74635

Career optimism is an important factor that influences university students’ readiness to face the world of work. Given the significant challenges posed by career uncertainty today, understanding university students’ levels of career optimism is an important area of investigation. This study aims to examine the level of career optimism among university students in Jakarta. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed involving 866 active students from several higher education institutions in Jakarta. The measurement instrument used was the Career Futures Inventory (CFI), particularly the Career Optimism sub-scale, which had been translated into Indonesian. Data analysis was carried out by using descriptive statistical techniques. The instrument achieved acceptable construct validity, evidenced by item–total correlations (r ≥ 0,30), and demonstrated high reliability with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0,85, making it appropriate for use in this research. The study revealed that the majority of university students were classified as having high (37,8%) and moderate (29,8%) levels of career optimism, indicating that they hold positive views about their prospective careers. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive career support within higher education institutions to improve students’ readiness for employment. Additionally, the study provides groundwork for implementing campus-level psychological interventions targeting improvements in students’ confidence, career self-efficacy, and early comprehension of world of work conditions.

Optimisme Karier dan Adaptabilitas Karier: Analisis Hubungan pada Mahasiswa di Pulau Jawa Diana Anggraeni, Theresia; Gunawan, William
Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora Vol 5 No 3: Desember (2025)
Publisher : Arden Jaya Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57250/ajsh.v5i3.1862

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara optimisme karier dan adaptabilitas karier pada mahasiswa di Pulau Jawa. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari survei MGMM dengan melibatkan 1.508 mahasiswa aktif dari berbagai perguruan tinggi negeri dan swasta di enam provinsi di Pulau Jawa. Optimisme karier diukur menggunakan Career Futures Inventory (CFI), sedangkan adaptabilitas karier diukur menggunakan Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-Short Form (CAAS-SF). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif signifikan antara optimisme karier dan adaptabilitas karier (r = 0,464, p < 0,001) dengan kekuatan korelasi sedang. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa optimisme karier berkontribusi secara positif terhadap kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan tuntutan dan perubahan dunia kerja.

Career optimism of Jakarta’s University students Br Colia, Ria Febrina; Gunawan, William
Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan dan Konseling: Jurnal Kajian Psikologi Pendidikan dan Bimbingan Konseling VOLUME 11 NUMBER 2 DECEMBER 2025
Publisher : Program Studi bimbingan Konseling PPs UNM Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/jppk.v11i2.74635

Career optimism is an important factor that influences university students’ readiness to face the world of work. Given the significant challenges posed by career uncertainty today, understanding university students’ levels of career optimism is an important area of investigation. This study aims to examine the level of career optimism among university students in Jakarta. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed involving 866 active students from several higher education institutions in Jakarta. The measurement instrument used was the Career Futures Inventory (CFI), particularly the Career Optimism sub-scale, which had been translated into Indonesian. Data analysis was carried out by using descriptive statistical techniques. The instrument achieved acceptable construct validity, evidenced by item–total correlations (r ≥ 0,30), and demonstrated high reliability with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0,85, making it appropriate for use in this research. The study revealed that the majority of university students were classified as having high (37,8%) and moderate (29,8%) levels of career optimism, indicating that they hold positive views about their prospective careers. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive career support within higher education institutions to improve students’ readiness for employment. Additionally, the study provides groundwork for implementing campus-level psychological interventions targeting improvements in students’ confidence, career self-efficacy, and early comprehension of world of work conditions.

ARAH DAN TUJUAN: STUDI TENTANG PERBEDAAN PERENCANAAN KARIER MAHASISWA DAN MAHASISWI DI PULAU JAWA Aprilia, Yohana Faora; Gunawan, William
PAEDAGOGY : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Psikologi Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia (P4I)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/paedagogy.v6i1.7883

Career planning is crucial for students facing job market volatility, but this process is often influenced by social constructs related to gender roles, particularly in the demographic context of Java. This study aims to analyze the comparative level of career planning between male and female students to validate the assumption of gender inequality. Using a quantitative approach utilizing secondary data from the Building an Independent Young Generation (MGMM) study, this study involved the participation of 1,516 students spread across all provinces in Java. Measurements were conducted using the Career Planning Scale instrument and then analyzed using an independent sample t-test. The research findings showed a statistically significant difference with a p value of 0.004, where the male student group had an average score (M = 29.1) that was slightly superior to the female student group (M = 28.4). However, the effect size analysis yielded a value of 0.155, indicating that the difference has a weak practical impact, considering that both groups are in the very high career planning category. This study concludes that gender is not a dominant factor determining career readiness, so career development strategies in higher education should be inclusive and focus on strengthening students' self-efficacy and practical experience. ABSTRAK Perencanaan karier yang matang menjadi kebutuhan krusial bagi mahasiswa dalam menghadapi volatilitas pasar kerja, namun sering kali proses ini dipengaruhi oleh konstruksi sosial terkait peran gender, terutama dalam konteks demografi Pulau Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komparasi tingkat perencanaan karier antara mahasiswa laki-laki dan perempuan guna memvalidasi asumsi ketimpangan gender tersebut. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder dari studi Membangun Generasi Muda Mandiri (MGMM), penelitian ini melibatkan partisipasi sebanyak 1.516 mahasiswa yang tersebar di seluruh provinsi di Pulau Jawa. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan instrumen Career Planning Scale yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji independent sample t-test. Temuan riset menunjukkan adanya perbedaan statistik yang signifikan dengan nilai p = 0.004, di mana kelompok mahasiswa laki-laki memiliki rata-rata skor (M = 29,1) yang sedikit lebih unggul dibandingkan mahasiswa perempuan (M = 28,4). Walaupun demikian, analisis effect size menghasilkan nilai 0,155, yang mengindikasikan bahwa perbedaan tersebut memiliki dampak praktis yang lemah, mengingat kedua kelompok sama-sama berada pada kategori perencanaan karier yang sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa gender bukanlah faktor dominan yang menentukan kesiapan karier, sehingga strategi pengembangan karier di perguruan tinggi sebaiknya bersifat inklusif dan berfokus pada penguatan efikasi diri serta pengalaman praktis mahasiswa.

JENIS KELAMIN DAN ADAPTABILITAS KARIER: BUKTI EMPIRIS PADA MAHASISWA JABODETABEK DI ERA DINAMIKA DUNIA KERJA Sri Rahayu, Yohana; Gunawan, William
PAEDAGOGY : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Psikologi Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia (P4I)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/paedagogy.v6i1.7988

Career adaptability refers to an individual's capacity to proactively cope with and adjust to challenges in career development. This study aims to examine gender differences in career adaptability among undergraduate students in the Greater Jakarta area (Jabodetabek). Despite the region's high labor market dynamics, research on students' adaptive readiness remains limited. Moreover, the use of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale–Short Form (CAAS-SF) within the Indonesian context is still rare, highlighting a methodological gap addressed in this study. A total of 507 undergraduate students from various public and private universities participated in this study, which is part of the "Membangun Generasi Muda Mandiri" (MGMM) research program. A quantitative comparative approach was employed using the CAAS-SF with a 6-point Likert scale. The results of the independent samples t-test showed no significant difference in career adaptability between male and female students (p = 0.165). Overall, the students demonstrated a high level of career adaptability, reflected across all four dimensions: concern, control, curiosity, and confidence. These findings suggest that gender is not a primary determinant of students' career adaptability. Practically, this study provides an empirical foundation for developing inclusive and gender-equitable career services in higher education institutions, particularly in metropolitan areas like Jabodetabek, by focusing on strengthening adaptability dimensions rather than differentiating interventions by gender. ABSTRAK Adaptabilitas karier adalah kemampuan individu untuk menghadapi dan menyesuaikan diri terhadap tantangan dalam perkembangan karier secara proaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan adaptabilitas karier berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada mahasiswa S1 di wilayah Jabodetabek. Kawasan ini memiliki dinamika pasar kerja yang tinggi, namun penelitian mengenai kesiapan adaptif mahasiswa masih terbatas. Penggunaan Career Adapt-Abilities Scale–Short Form (CAAS-SF) dalam konteks Indonesia juga belum banyak dilakukan, sehingga studi ini mengisi celah metodologis yang ada. Sebanyak 507 mahasiswa dari berbagai perguruan tinggi negeri dan swasta terlibat dalam penelitian ini, yang merupakan bagian dari program Membangun Generasi Muda Mandiri (MGMM). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif komparatif dengan instrumen CAAS-SF skala Likert 6 poin. Hasil uji independent samples t-test menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan adaptabilitas karier antara mahasiswa laki-laki dan perempuan (p = 0,165). Tingkat adaptabilitas karier mahasiswa secara keseluruhan tinggi, termasuk pada keempat dimensinya: concern, control, curiosity, dan confidence. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin bukan penentu utama dalam perbedaan adaptabilitas karier mahasiswa. Secara praktis, temuan ini menjadi dasar pengembangan layanan karier yang setara dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan mahasiswa di wilayah metropolitan, tanpa membedakan berdasarkan jenis kelamin.

Adaptabilitas Karier Pada Mahasiswa di Pulau Jawa Ie, Evelyne; Gunawan, William
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, Psikologi Dan Kesehatan (J-P3K) Vol 6, No 4 (2025): J-P3K
Publisher : Yayasan Mata Pena Madani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51849/j-p3k.v6i4.867

Perkembangan teknologi, termasuk kecerdasan buatan, telah mempercepat dinamika perubahan di dunia kerja dan menuntut individu untuk memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi yang memadai agar tetap relevan di masa sekarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tingkat adaptabilitas karier mahasiswa di Pulau Jawa sebagai respons terhadap tuntutan tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan memakai data sekunder dari 1.501 mahasiswa yang diambil menggunakan teknik cluster quota sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Career Adapt-Abilities Sclae- Short Form (CAAS-SF) versi Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adaptabilitas karier mahasiswa berada pada kategori tinggi dengan rata-rata skor 59,5. Secara keseluruhan, dimensi concern dan confidence memperoleh skor relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan control dan curiosity, Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa mahasiswa memiliki kesiapan adaptif yang kuat dalam hal orientasi masa depa dan keyakinan diri, tetapi beberapa aspek terkait pengendalian diri dan eksplorasi karier masih memiliki ruang untuk ditingkatkan. Variasi antardimensi tersebut memberikan gambaran bahwa pengembangan adaptabilitas karier perlu mempertimbangkan area yang masih lemah agar kesiapan mahasiswa dalam menghadapi perubahan dunia kerja lebih merata dan berkelanjutan.

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