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Contributions of Loading and Unloading to Overpressure: Analytical Results from The Shelfal Area of The Lower Kutai Basin, Indonesia Agus M. Ramdhan; Lambok M. Hutasoit
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.9.1.1-13

Abstract

DOI:10.17014/ijog.9.1.1-13A modified Bowers Method is applied to analyze the contribution of loading and unloading to total overpressure magnitude in the shelfal area of the Lower Kutai Basin. The method combines Bowers Method with density-sonic cross plots to differentiate contributors to overpressure. This method has a strong physical background, and has proven to give satisfactory overpressure estimation in the studied area. Several processes related to overpressure and compaction in the studied area have also been deduced: 1) top of overpressure is caused by unloading due to gas generation, 2) gas generation on its own can produce overburden-scale overpressure magnitude, 3) loading starts to contribute to overpressure at depth, where the lithology is dominated by mudrocks, 4) effective stress history experienced by mudrocks before unloading, and 5) the presence of two compaction lines and therefore two associated velocity-effective stress relations.
Pore Pressure and Compartmentalization of Carbonate Reservoirs in Northern Madura Platform - East Java Basin, Indonesia Ecep Suryana; Lambok M. Hutasoit; Agus M. Ramdhan; Dwiharso Nugroho; Arifin Arifin
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.10.3.297-307

Abstract

Understanding pore pressure characteristics in carbonate reservoirs is essential, because it concerns all aspects of subsurface, drilling, and occupational safety, as well as the environment in oil and gas exploration and exploitation. In this study, the pore pressure regime and connectivity of the carbonate reservoir (compartmentalization) of Kujung and Ngimbang Formations in the northern Madura Platform of East Java Basin are characterized by utilizing direct pressure data and wireline logs from five wells. The result shows that both hydrostatic and slight overpressure conditions are found in these formations, further indicating the presence of carbonate compartmentalization. The magnitudes of overpressure, however, are mostly very low, with an average of ~37 psi. Four compartmentalized carbonates are identified based on the presence of different pressure gradients in the water leg. The slight overpressure in the carbonates is likely owing to pressure transference from overpressured shale at depth. In addition, by using acoustic impedance from seismic, the depositional environments of the carbonates are interpreted as lagoon and tidal flat. These environments support the occurrence of patch reef carbonate buildups in the Kujung and Ngimbang Formations, which later become a good environment for overpressure generation and carbonate reservoir compartmentalization. Keywords: carbonates, compartmentalization, depositional environment, slight overpressure