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TORREFACTION OF RUBBERWOOD WASTE: THE EFFECTS OF PARTICLE SIZE, TEMPERATURE & RESIDENCE TIME Wulandari, Winny; Jahsy, Nursayyidah Ainun; Tandias, Adrian Hartanto; Rizkiana, Jenny; Rubani, Inga Shaffira; Saputera, Wibawa Hendra; Sasongko, Dwiwahju
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 52, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2020.52.2.1

Agriculture waste has created massive challenges over the last few decades and yet also opportunities. This work aimed to produce high-quality biochar from rubberwood waste with calorific properties close to subbituminous coal. Using a tubular vertical reactor, the effects of rubberwood particle size (wood chips and shredded wood), torrefaction temperature (220, 260, and 300 °C), and residence time (30, 60, and 90 minutes) on the quality of torrefied rubberwood were studied. The results showed that the mass loss of the rubberwood increased as the temperature increased. Also, the particle size and residence time increased due to excessive devolatilization. A higher fixed-carbon content and calorific value as well as lower moisture and volatile-matter content were achieved by increasing the torrefaction temperature and residence time in comparison to the untreated sample (raw rubberwood). The highest fixed-carbon content and calorific value were found to be 56.7% and 6313 kcal/kg, respectively, for the wood chip particles that were torrefied at 300 °C for 60 minutes. Based on the Van Krevelen diagram, torrefaction of woodchip rubberwood at 300 °C with a residence time of 60 minutes demonstrated the optimum condition to generate a product with properties that are close to those of subbituminous rank coal.

Torrefaction of Rubberwood Waste: The Effects of Particle Size, Temperature & Residence Time Winny Wulandari; Nursayyidah Ainun Jahsy; Adrian Hartanto Tandias; Jenny Rizkiana; Inga Shaffira Rubani; Wibawa Hendra Saputera; Dwiwahju Sasongko
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 52 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2020.52.2.1

Agriculture waste has created massive challenges over the last few decades and yet also opportunities. This work aimed to produce high-quality biochar from rubberwood waste with calorific properties close to subbituminous coal. Using a tubular vertical reactor, the effects of rubberwood particle size (wood chips and shredded wood), torrefaction temperature (220, 260, and 300 °C), and residence time (30, 60, and 90 minutes) on the quality of torrefied rubberwood were studied. The results showed that the mass loss of the rubberwood increased as the temperature increased. Also, the particle size and residence time increased due to excessive devolatilization. A higher fixed-carbon content and calorific value as well as lower moisture and volatile-matter content were achieved by increasing the torrefaction temperature and residence time in comparison to the untreated sample (raw rubberwood). The highest fixed-carbon content and calorific value were found to be 56.7% and 6313 kcal/kg, respectively, for the wood chip particles that were torrefied at 300 °C for 60 minutes. Based on the Van Krevelen diagram, torrefaction of woodchip rubberwood at 300 °C with a residence time of 60 minutes demonstrated the optimum condition to generate a product with properties that are close to those of subbituminous rank coal.

Photocatalytic Simulation of Phenol Waste Degradation Using Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) P25-Based Photocatalysts Wibawa Hendra Saputera; Jeffry Jaya Pranata; Reynaldo Jonatan; Pramujo Widiatmoko; Dwiwahju Sasongko
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 55 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.4.6

Phenol waste treatment is vital in industries such as polymer production, coal gasification, refinery, and coke production. Photocatalytic technology using semiconductor materials offers an effective and ecofriendly approach to degrade phenol. TiO2 P25 is a widely used photocatalyst, known for its cost-effectiveness, favorable optical and electronic properties, high photoactivity, and photostability. The PHOTOREAC application, a recently developed MATLAB-based software, simulates the degradation of phenol using visible light. A study that combines existing literature and research revealed that pH significantly influences photocatalytic activity, with an optimum pH of 7 for TiO2 P25-mediated phenol degradation. The recommended photocatalyst concentration ranged from 0 to 10 g/L for reactor volumes between 25 and 60 mL, and from 0 to 5 g/L for 100-mL reactors. Phenol wastewater volume and light intensity also impact degradation efficiency. Adequate oxygen supply, achieved through bubbling and mixing, is essential for the formation of radical compounds. The Ballari kinetic model proved to be the most suitable for phenol degradation with TiO2 P25. Thus, by combining PHOTOREAC simulations with experimental data, the treatment process could be optimized to achieve higher degradation efficiency and estimate the treatment time for specific waste degradation levels. This study contributes to the advancement of phenol waste treatment and the development of improved photocatalytic wastewater treatment technologies.

Photoreduction of CO2 to Formic Acid in Aquatic Phase Using Layer Double Hydroxide (LDH) Catalyst Rizkiana, Jenny; Auliardi, Dzaky; Az Zahra, Aghietyas Choirun; Thadeo, Francesco; Saputera, Wibawa Hendra; Soerawidjaja, Tatang Hernas; Devianto, Hary
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 4 Year 2024 (December 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20199

The increasing accumulation of CO2, the primary greenhouse gas (GHG), in the Earth's atmosphere has caused significant environmental problems and adverse climate change. Photoreduction offers promising method to convert CO2 into high value chemical compounds, such as formic acid, which can serve as a hydrogen carrier. The process of photoreduction efficiency can be enhanced by using photocatalyst capable of operating across two distinct photosystems each having a different spectrum based on the sensitivity of light. This study aims to investigate the impact of the photocatalyst preparation conditions on the activity of the resulting photocatalyst and identify which is the most effective one on the formic acid production. Photocatalysts based on Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) composed of zinc and chromium was synthesized, resulting in Zn-Cr LDH, which was subsequently enhanced by incorporating Cu and Cu₂O. The operating temperature varied at 60 ℃ and 100 ℃. The highest yield of formic acid of 21,62 μmol.gcat-1.hr-1 was obtained at a reaction temperature of 100 ℃ using 0.3Cu@Zn-Cr LDH. This photocatalyst shows increased activity when the reaction temperature is increased to 60 ℃ and 100 ℃. In contrast, 0.3Cu2O@Zn-CrLDH showed a decreased activity at the elevated temperatures. This discrepancy attributed to the self-oxidation mechanism of Cu and Cu2O; while the oxidation of 0.3Cu@Zn-CrLDH results in Cu2O which retains photocatalytic activity, the oxidation of 0.3Cu2O@Zn-CrLDH leads to inactive CuO. This study provides valuable insight into the material design and demonstrates the potential of Cu-modified Zn-Cr LDH for sustainable CO2 reduction applications. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Pengembangan Katalis Berbasis Tungsten Oksida (WO3) untuk Degradasi Limbah Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) dengan Teknologi Fotokatalitik Uli, Rospita; Wibawa Hendra Saputera; Dwiwahju Sasongko; Hary Devianto
Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik Vol 24 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Teknik - Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55893/jt.vol24no1.664

Industri minyak kelapa sawit menghasilkan limbah signifikan seperti POME yang dapat mencemari lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. POME dapat merusak lingkungan terutama ekosistem perairan. Pengolahan POME penting untuk keberlanjutan industri ini. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs), termasuk fotokatalitik, merupakan salah satu opsi teknologi yang dikembangkan untuk mendegradasi senyawa organik dalam limbah POME. Dalam studi ini, degradasi fotokatalitik limbah POME menggunakan katalis berbasis WO3 dengan menggunakan lampu Xenon 500 W menunjukkan bahwa metode ini efektif dalam mengurai limbah POME. Fotokatalis WO3 disintesis menggunakan metode hidrotermal pada temperatur 180, 200, 220, dan 240 °C, menghasilkan struktur kristal Hexagonal dan Orthorhombic, danTipe V mesopori. Penggunaan katalis WO3 dengan konsentrasi 1 g/L mampu mengurangi Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) hingga 48,05%, degradasi warna hingga 36,22%, dengan konstanta laju reaksi COD sebesar 3,7×10-3 menit-1.

Studi Pengaruh Konsentrasi Katalis ZnO untuk Degradasi Limbah Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Menggunakan Teknologi Fotokatalitik Wahyudi, Farizky; Wibawa Hendra Saputera; Dwiwahju Sasongko; Hary Devianto
Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik Vol 22 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Teknik - Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55893/jt.vol22no2.549

Indonesia is among the world’s largest palm oil market countries leading to significant growth in the domestic palm oil industry. However, the increase in palm oil trading has also led to a rise in the production of waste known as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Currently, the majority of factories use open ponds for POME processing, but this method is considered ineffective for treating POME. To address this issue, researchers are exploring photocatalytic technology, which utilizes light energy (UV, visible, sunlight) to produce radical compounds that act as oxidizing agents for POME degradation. In this study, ZnO was employed as a catalyst. The XRD and UV-vis DRS characterizations confirmed that ZnO had a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a band gap energy of 3,22 eV. The photocatalytic activity test results revealed that using 0.5 g/L ZnO catalyst proved to be efficient in degrading organic content in POME. The percentage of chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation reached 22.85%, color degradation reached 48.53% and the reaction rate kinetics constant of COD degradation was at 2.6´10-3 min-1.

Tailoring BiOBr Photocatalyst: In-situ Bi Doping for Enhanced Photocatalytic Removal of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) Antibiotic Fauziyen, Sabrina Prima; Saputera, Wibawa Hendra; Sasongko, Dwiwahju
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 56 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.2.7

There is a notable emphasis on the development of photocatalysts to degrade antibiotics, such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX), in aquatic environments due to their persistence and associated toxicological impacts. In this study, BiOBr photocatalysts were synthesized by incorporating in-situ Bi doping. Various Bi/BiOBr composites were produced through a hydrothermal method at varying temperatures and subsequently characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. The characterization data revealed that the Bi-metal began to emerge at a hydrothermal temperature of 180 °C (BB180) in the BiOBr-based semiconductor and completed its conversion to Bi-metal at a hydrothermal temperature of 270 °C (BB270). This transformation leads to the generation of Bi3+ in conjunction with oxygen vacancies, acting as active electron traps and enhancing the separation efficiency of light-induced electron-hole pairs. This results in a narrow band gap of Bi/BiOBr photocatalyst, increasing its sensitivity towards visible light. BB180 exhibited the highest photocatalytic rate in the degradation of SMX with a removal efficiency of 74.35% within 4 hours of reaction under Xenon lamp irradiation and an apparent rate constant of 6.5 x 10-3 min-1, surpassing the commercial TiO2 Degussa P25. This finding opens up a new pathway for the development of a catalyst responsive to visible light, specifically designed for the detoxification of antibiotics in wastewater.

Development and Fabrication of a Pressure Swing Adsorption System Using Molecular Sieve 13X for Integrated CO₂ Capture and Electrochemical Conversion Mitra Eviani; Tirto Prakoso; Dadan Kusdiana; Pramujo Widiatmoko; Ida Bagus Oka Lyong Budhatama; Setyo Yanus Sasongko; Aryan Fathoni Amri; Wibawa Hendra Saputera; Hary Devianto
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 48 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v48i2.1772

This study focuses on the development and performance evaluation of a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system utilizing molecular sieve Zeolite 13X for CO2 capture. A fixed-bed reactor was designed and simulated with Aspen Adsorption to optimise adsorption conditions. The system, tested with a 24.75 L/min gas feed (10% CO2, 90% N2) at 30 °C and 6 bar, operated cyclically every 7 minutes. Simulation results recommended a reactor volume of 4.9 L (ID 102 mm × T/T 600 mm). Sensitivity analysis showed that adsorption capacity declined as CO2 concentration increased, with CO2 uptake decreasing from 24.75 L/min at 10%-mol to 8.44 L/min at 70%-mol. Key design parameters such as feed flow rate, intraparticle voids, bulk density, and particle size were also evaluated. A prototype was built based on simulation results and tested, achieving a 120 s breakthrough time and an optimal 60 s swing interval over 17 cycles. This work supports the future integration of PSA-based CO2 capture with electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECO2R).

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