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Rekayasa alat daur ulang limbah padat industri penyamakan kulit untuk pembuatan insol dan kertas karton Ignatius Sunaryo; Sri Sutyasmi
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 22, No 1 (2006): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The aim of engineering of equipment for tannery solid waste reuse to make insole and card board was to assist the problem coming from shavings wastes and sludge. This unit was designed and mainly consisted of three parts, those were raw materials destroying machine (beater type), insole/carton sheet printing machine and insole/carton sheet pressing machine. This was an eco-friendly machine, because it was able to recycle all of the excess raw materials. The product capacity of it was 600 kg of raw material to produce 1,200 sheet per day, with assumption that the rejects were varied from 10 – 15%. The specifications of the insole produced by this machine were that the weight was 416 gr/sheet; the length x wide was 78 cm x 66 cm. based on the economical analysis when the marketing price was Rp. 2.000,- per sheet, with the total production 360,000 sheets, the benefit after property was Rp. 33,650,200,- per year, with 2 years 1 month pay back of the investment. Keywords : shavings waste, sludge, recycled unit, insole, cardboard. ABSTRAK Tujuan dari rekayasa alat daur ulang limbah padat industri penyamakan kulit untuk pembuatan insol dan kertas karton ini ialah untuk membantu industri penyamakan kulit dalam mengatasi masalah limbah shaving dan lumpur. Alat ini dirancang dengan 3 (tiga) komponen utama yakni alat penghancur bahan baku dengan tipe beater, alat pencetak lembaran insol/karton, dan alat press lembaran insol/karton yang disebut calendar. Alat ini bersifat ramah lingkungan karena seluruh sisa adonan dapat di daur ulang. Kapasitas produksi alat daur ulang ini ialah 600 kg bahan baku untuk menghasilkan 1200 lembar per hari, dengan asumsi tingkat kerusakan berkisar antara 10 – 15%. Insol yang dihasilkan mempunyai berat 416 gram/lembar dengan ukuran p x 1 = 0,78 m x 0,66 m. berdasarkan analisis ekonomi bila harga jual Rp. 2000,- per lembar, maka per tahun dapat diperoleh keuntungan sesudah pajak sebesar Rp. 33.650.200,- dengan jumlah produksi sebesar 360.000 lembar. Waktu pengembalian modal ialah 2 tahun 6 bulan. Kata Kunci : limbah shaving, lumpur, alat daur ulang, insol, kertas karton.

Pemanfaatan limbah fleshing kulit kambing untuk pembuatan kompos Sri Sutyasmi; Ignatius Sunaryo; Edi Dahono
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 24, No 1 (2008): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v24i1.323

The aim of this research was to create method for managing the environmental pollution caused by fleshing from leather tanning industry. Compos production was carried out by using the cooked fleshing and uncooked fleshing with variation of fleshing 85,60,45, and 30 % respectively mixed with 13.8% of chaff, 0.2% of brand, and 1% of lime and the rest was soil to gain 100% of compound. Protein bio-city as much as 50 ml/kg was used as a starter and it was added after having diluted and fermented for 48 hours. The compound was filled in the 10 I of plastic bucket and cured by lid on it. Every two days they were agitated and sprayed with water regarding to keep the humidity to be constant. The C/N ratio of the compos was analyzed chemically. The compos had been nature for about one month, and they were characterized by the change of the natural color into dark brown with soil smell, and the volume decreased would be 30% of the initial volume. The mean C/N ratio of compos from cooked fleshing was 14 which varied between 12.46-15.50. That value has a smaller range compared with the compos from uncooked fleshing, the mean value of which was 11, with the variation of C/N ratio of that was bigger 7.07-16.24. Key words : fleshing, goat skins, environment, compos, C/N ratio ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mendapatkan salah satu cara untuk pemecahan masalah penanganan pencemaran yang diakibatkan oleh limbah fleshing dari industri penyamakan kulit. Untuk itu telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan kompos dari limbah fleshing baik yang sudah direbus untuk diambil lemaknya maupun yang belum direbus. Kompos dibuat dri sisa fleshing dengan variasi jumlah berturut-turut 85,60, dan 30% fleshing dan dicampur dengan sekam 13,8%, bekatul 0,2%, kapur 1 % dan sisanya berupa tanah untuk mendapatkan campuran 100% masa yaitu berturut-turut 0,25, 40 dan 55 %. Sebai starter digunakan protein. Biosity yang sudah diencerkan dan diinkubasi selama 48 jam sebanyak 50 ml/kg campuran kompos. Campuran kompos kemudian dimasukan ke dalam ember volume 101 dan ditutup, kemudian setiap dua hari sekali diaduk dan disiram air untuk menjaga kelembabanya (80%). Bahan kompos tersebut akan masak menjadi kompos setelah inkunbasi selama 1 bulan. Kompos yang telah masak mempunyai ciri-ciri warna aslinya berubah menjadi coklat gelap, berbau tanah, volume tinggal sepertiganya. Kompos diuji untuk mengetahui C/N rasionya. Hasil uji menunjukan bahwa semua variasi untuk kompos dari sisa fleshing yang sudah direbus mempunyai C/N rasio rata-rata 14 yang berkisar antara 12,46 – 15, 50. Nilai tersebut lebih baik dibanding sisa fleshing yang belum direbus karena mempunyai C/N rasio rata-rata 11 dengan kisaran C/N rasio berkisar antara : 7,07 – 16,24. Kata Kunci : fleshing, kulit kambing, lingkungan, kompos, C/N rasio

Pengaruh hide poison dan formalin terhadap sifat kulit dalam pengawet kulit kambing secara dikeringkan Ignatius Sunaryo; Widari Widari; Puji Ediari Suryaningsih
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 6, No 10-11 (1991): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The objective of this study is know the effect of ide poison and formaline in the dried curing of goat skin. This study used 199 goat skins that were devided into seven groups od curing. Each group consisted of 17 goat skins. Those groups were : 3 groups of dried curing by hide poison of 0,1%, 0,3% and 0,5%; 3 groups of dried curing by formaline of 1%, 3% and 5%; and 1 groups of dried curing without any preserevation agent as control. After having stored for about 4 months, those skins then to be analized. Physical and chemical analysis werw carried out to evaluate the quality of the skin. Completely randomized design by Duncan’s test was used to analyze the dta. Based on this statistical analysis we can know that: the effect of hide poson in the dried curing of goat skins was the best. The quality of goat skins that were cured by hide poison was as follows : - the average tensile strength was the highest (886,30 kg/CM2), - the average of stretch was the lowest (14,50%), - the average iof hardness was the highest (201,90 kg/2,54 Cm), - the water content was the lowest (20%), and the damage was the smallest (10%).

Pembuatan kulit untuk label Ignatius Sunaryo; Sri Waskito; Syakir Hasyimi; Kasmin Nainggolan
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 17, No 1-2 (2001): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

This research is aimed to produce leather for label which is needed by market demand ant to disseminate this technology to industries. There were 10 sides of wet salted cow hides for this research. Those hides were divided into 3 groups, each group consisted of 3 sides that were serially tanned by 3%, 4% and 5% and one side for control. Those hides were then mixed and divided into 3 groups, each group consisted of 3 sides and were then tanned by 6%, 8% and 10% of mimosa. The rest one side was tanned by 6% chrome and 8% mimosa for control. One side of label leather was taken from market used for comparison. Organoleptical, physical and chemical leather testing were carried out in IRDLAI laboratory. The result showed that the quality of the label leather from this research were better than label leather from market. Beside this it could be found out the technology of label manufacture which could produce good quality of label leather that were tanned by 5% chrome and re-tanned by 8% of mimosa INTISARI Penelitian pembuatan kulit untuk label ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kulit label yang kwalitasnya sesuai dengan pangsa pasar, dan juga untuk menyebar luaskan teknologi ini ke masyarakat. Untuk penelitian ini digunakan kulit sapi awet garam sebanyak 10 lembar tengahan yang dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok masing-masing ada 3 lembar tengahan yang disamak krom 3%, 4% dan 5%. Sesudah itu kulit diacak lagi dan dibagi dalam 3 kelompok dan setiap kelompok kulit disamak dengan mimosa 6%, 8% dan 10%. Sisanya 1 lembar tengahan disamak dengan krom 6% dan mimosa 8% untuk kontrol. Ada satu lembar tengahan kulit label diambil dari pasar sebagai tolok ukur. Pengujian secara organoleptis, fisis dan khemis di lakukan di BBKKP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kulit label hasil penelitian mempunyai kwalitas lebih baik dibanding kulit label yang diambil dari pasar. Di samping itu dapat diperoleh cara pembuatan kulit label dengan hasil yang baik yakni kulit label yang disamak 5% krom dan mimosa 8%.

Penurunan bahan pencemar dalam air limbah samak krom dengan eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes Solms) Ignatius Sunaryo
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 8, No 15 (1992): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

This research is meant to know the capability of Eichornia crassipes in reducing pollutant in chrome tanning waste water. E. crassipes having the same condition was collected from a pool in Gambiran, Yogyakarta. Then those plants were put down into the media contaning chrome tanning waste water with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ml per litre ground water. The chrome tanning waste water was taken from Leather Tanning Process Labolatory, IRDLAI, Yogyakarta. Based on laboratory research it was found that E. crassipes was able to reduce pollutant in chrome tanning waste water ranging from 2.5 up to 87%. Those values were as follows : COD : 2.5 – 41%; C1 : 14 – 63.5%; S:44-87% total Cr : 55.5 – 77% and total Cr : 55.5 – 77%. E. crassipes which had decrease efficiency of C1, S and Cr effectively were the treatments using chrome tanning waste water with 5, 10 and 15 ml per litre ground water. INTISARI Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kemampuan eceng gondok dalam menurunkan bahan pencemar dalam air limbah samak krom. Enceng gondok yang mempunyai kondisi sama diambil dari sebuah kolam di Gambiran, Yogyakarta. Selanjutnya eceng gondok tersebut ditanam dalam media yang mengandung limbah krom sebanyak 0, 5, 10, 15 dan 20 ml/l air sumur. Air limbah krom diambil dari Lab Proses Penyamakan Kulit, BBKKP, Yogyakarta. Dari hasil penelitian di laboratorium dapat diketahui bahwa enceng gondok mampu menurunkan bahan pencemar dalam air limbah samak krom yang berkisar antara 2,5-87%, dengan rincian penurunan COD : 2,5-41%; C1 : 14 – 63,5%; S : 44-87% dan Cr total :55,5 – 77%. Eceng gondok yang mempunyai effiesinsi penurunan CI, S dan Cr yang efektif ialah pada perlakuan dengan limbah samak krom 5, 10 dan 15 ml/l air sumur.

Penggunaan lemak fleshing industri penyamakan kulit untuk pembuatan sabun mandi Ignatius Sunaryo; Sri Sutyasmi; Widari Widari; Murwati Murwati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 18, No 1 (2002): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

An experimentation the Use of Fat from Fleshing of Leather Tanning Industry to Produce Bath Soap was aimed to use the fat from fleshing to gain the alternative source of basic material for bath soap, to assist the industry to solve the environmental pollution and increasing the population income. The point to be gained after finishing this experiment was to find out the problem solving of environmental pollution problem caused by fleshing from leather tanning industry. Goat/sheep fleshing from one of leather tannings in Yogyakarta was collected and had been used as a source of fat. Fat from fleshing was produced by 3 kinds of heating those were coocked, “kukus”, and steam. The results of fat analysis showed that the average of saphonification value was 201.01; free faty acid value was 0.86%; acid value was 1.72 and the unsaphonification fat value was 1.44%. The variations of fat used for bath soap manufacture were 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% and 75%; whereas the variations of sodium hydrokside were 11, 14, 17. 20 and 23, each of which was in parts. The result of this experiment showed that the fat from fleshing could be a source of fat and could be used for bath soap manufacture. In such way, it could be as a pollultion problem solving to the industry. The result of bath soap analysis showed that almost all of the variations of fat and sodium hydrokside could meet the SNI 06-3532-1994 about bath soap. Economically point of view showed that the value of producing fat in various regions such as Jabotabek, West Java, Center Java, DIY and East would vary from Rp6,000,000,- to Rp.200,000,000,-; whereas the value of producing bath soap would vary from Rp 21,000,000,- - Rp 700,000,000,- Key words: fleshing, fat, soap, environment, tannery, waste management.

Teknologi pengambilan lemak dari sisa fleshing Sri Sutyasmi; Ignatius Sunaryo
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 22, No 1 (2006): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v22i1.333

The aim of this research was to recover the fat from fleshing in order it could be useful for many kinds of industries such as soap, oil/grease for tanning manufactures, etc. There are some systems to recover the fat from fleshings, those are heat systems (cooking, steaming, smoking) and extrac system using solvent (hexan, CCl4, alcohol, etc). Over all of the systems cooking and steaming are the most simply system to recover the fat. By cooking, smoking, and steaming from 5 kg fleshing with the time variation of 15,30, 45 and 60 minutes could produce fat with the quantity of which varied from 0,220 – 0,425 kg. The highest quantity of fat, produced by heating system in 60 minutes could be gained by steaming, but the quality of it was low. The quantity of fat produced by extract system using hexan, CCl4, and alcohol as solvents with the time variation of 3,4 and 5 hours were varied from 5,21 % to 10,20 % of dried weight. The highest quantity of fat gained by extract system was found by using hexan solvent. Fat from fleshing should be sulphated prior for substantial application. The economical evaluation shows that the basic price of 1 kg of fat was Rp. 1.250,- whereas the basic price of 1 kg of sulphated fat was Rp. 3.200,- Keywords ; fleshing, grease, recovery ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memisahkan lemak dari fleshing agar bias digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan industri seperti sabun, peminyakan kulit dan sebagainya. Pengambilan lemak dari sisa fleshing ini ada beberapa cara yaitu cara pemanasan (rebus, kukus dan steam) dan cara ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut (hexan, CCl4, alcohol dll). Setiap 5 kg sisa fleshing yang direbus, dikukus dan ataupun menggunakan steam, dengan variasi waktu 15, 30, 45 dan 60 menit dapat menghasilkan lemak berkisar antara 0,220 – 0,425 kg. Hasil lemak tertinggi dari cara pemanasan ini diperoleh dari cara steam dengan waktu 60 menit namun kwalitas lemak yang diperoleh tidak baik. Pengambilan lemak secara ekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut hexan, CCl4 dan alcohol dengan variasi waktu 3 jam, 4 jam dan 5 jam dan lemak yang diperoleh berkisar antara 5,21% - 10,20 %. Hasil lemak tertinggi diperoleh dari cara ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut hexan. Agar lemak dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan, maka lemak perlu disulfonasi. Hasil perhitungan ekonomi harga pokok 1 kg lemak adalah Rp.1.250,- sedangkan harga pokok 1 kg minyak sulfonasi adalah Rp. 3.200,- Kata kunci : fleshing, lemak, pengambilan

Pemanfaatan lumpur limbah industri penyamakan kulit untuk kompos dan pengaruhnya terhadap kandungan krom dalam tanaman uji (jagung dan sawi) Sri Sutyasmi; Ignatius Sunaryo; Hadi Mustafa; Jaka Susila
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 20, No 1 (2004): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The aim of this study is to use waste sludge from leather tanning industry for compos and its influence to chromium content in the treatment plant (Zea mays and Brassica chinensis L). In such way it is useful for agriculture and it can prevent the environment pollution. Sludge from leather tanning waste water treatment is around 250 kg per ton hide/skin being processed. If it is not be managed, this kind of sludge will distributes bad smell because of the highly protein content. The nitrogen content within the sludge varies from 2 – 10 %, calcium 10 – 30 %, chromium 0.2 – 3 %, so it is comfortable to use for compos. The activities for making compos were carried out in one of the leather tanning industries in Yogyakarta. Compos was made by following the Windows method with the composition of sludge 45%, rice shell 14.8 %, rice bran 0.2 %, earth 40% and P. Bio 100 ml per kilogram compos mixture. The results of raw sludge of raw sludge analysis before to be used for making compos was N total 2.163%, C organic 44.60%, P. total 0.24%, the available P was 0.012 %, K total 0.54 %, the available K was 0.3 %, C/N ratio was 20.62 and chromium content was 0.39%. the result of compos analysis was N total 0.605%, C organic 82.23%, P total 0.11%, the available P was 0.038%, K total 0.017%, the available K was 0.69%, C/N ratio was 135.98 and chromium content was 0.26%. compos then used for fertilize to Zea mays and Brassica chinensis L and their growth rate were noticed and the chromium content in the Zea mays and Brassica chinensis L was analyzed in the part of roots, stems, leaves and fruits. Based on the noticed and analyzed data could be seen that chromium content in the Zea mays were not be detected; whereas the chromium content in Brassica rugosa were 28.76 g/kg in roots, 30.78 g/kg in stems, 15.30 30.78 g/kg in leaves. It is suggested that this kind of compos don not used for vegetable but for high plants. Keywords : sludge, tanning industry, compos, environment. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan lumpur limbah yang berasal dari UPAL untuk dijadikan kompos dan melihat pengaruhnya terhadap kandungan krom dalam tanaman uji (jagung dan sawi). Dengan demikian dapat bermanfaat untuk petani serta mengatasi masalah lingkungan. Lumpur UPAL industry penyamakan kulit mempunyai volume sekitar 250 kg/ton kulit yang diproses. Lumpur tersebut apabila tidak segera ditangani akan menimbulkan bau busuk karena kandungan proteinnya masih tinggi. Kandungan nitrogen antara 2 – 10%, Calsium 10 – 30%, krom 0,2 – 3 %, sehingga memungkinkan untuk dibuat kompos. Pembuatan kompos dari lumpur dilakukan disalah satu perusahaan penyamakan kulit di daerah Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Windrows dengan komposisi lumpur 45%, sekam 14,8%, bekatul 0,2 %, tanah 40% dan P Bio yang digunakan adalah 100 ml/ kg campuran kompos. Hasil uji lumpur sebelum dijadikan kompos N total 2,163 %, C organik 44, 60%, P total 0,24 %, P tersedia 0,012%, K total 0,54 %, K tersedia 0,3% dan C /N ratio 20,62. Sedangkan hasil uji kompos adalah N total 0,605 %, C Organik 82,23%, P total 0,11%, P tersedia 0,038%, K total 0,017 %, K tersedia 0,69% dan C/N ratio 135,98%. Kompos kemudian dipupukkan kedalam tanaman jagung dan sawi dan dilihat pertumbuhannya serta diuji kandungan krom dalam jagung dan sawi mulai dari akar, batang, daun dan buah, kandungan krom dalam jagung tidak terdeteksi sedangkan dalam sawi mulai dari akar, dalam akar 28,7 g/kg, batang 30, 78 g/kg dan pada daun 15,30 g/kg. kompos dari lumpur cocok untuk tanaman tinggi. Kata Kunci : lumpur, industri penyamakan kulit, kompos, lingkungan.

Rancang bangun unit pengolahan air limbah industri Penyamakan kulit ikan pari di labuan maringgai, Lampung timur Ignatius Sunaryo; Sri Sutyasmi
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 23, No 1 (2007): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

This waste water treatment plant (WWTP) was designed and built to treat the waste water coming from the sting rays leather tannery in Labuan Maringgai, Lampung Selatan. By treating this kind of waste water coming from the sting rays leather tannery, it will decrease the environmental pollution. The product capacity of this tannery was 400 pieces per month and the weight of it was 120 kg. Those skins were tanned into two steps, the number of skins in each process was 200 pieces or 60 kg during 2 weeks. The volume of waste water discharged varied from 1,5 to 5 m3 during 3 days in the beginning of beam house operation or 0.5 to 1 m3per day during the first step of process. The pollution content of such waste water was as follows: COD: 1205,66 - 1400 mg/l; BOD 550 – 950 mg/l; S : 28,9 – 213 mg/l, TSS: 55,16 – 775 mg/l; N-NH3 : 30,18 – 129,6 mg/l; fat/oil : 21 – 292. mg/l; total Cr: 0,47 – 0,76 mg/l; and pH: 9 – 12 respectively. The work hours in operating the WWTP was 5 hours per day, and the debit of it ranged from 0.5 to 1 m3 per hour. The WWTP was designed for the max COD of 1.500 mg/l and BOD 750 mg/l. The system of WWTP was pre treatment, homogenization, flocculation and coagulation, 1st anaerobic facultative and 2nd anaerobic facultative, sludge drying bed and final control tank. The efficiency of this WWTP ranged from 22,53 to 97%. Key word: stin rays, leather tanning, waste water, plant design, wwtp, environment ABSTRAK Unit pengolahan air limbah (UPAL) ini dirancang dan dibangun untuk mengolah air limbah dari pabrik penyamakan kulit ikan pri di Labuan Maringgai, Lampung Timur. Dengan terolahnya air limbah dari pabrik tersebut, berarti akan menurunkan tingkat pencemaran ke lingkungan. Kapasitas produksi pabrik tersebut per bulan adalah sebesar 400 lebmar, dengan berat 120 kg. Kulit sebanyak itu diproses 2 sekali @ 200 lembar atau 60 kg, dan akan menghasilkan air limbah sekitar 1,5 – 5 m3 per hari, dengan kandungan COD: 1205,66 – 1400 mg/l; BOD 550 – 950 mg/l; S : 28,9 – 213 mg/l, TSS: 55,16 – 775 mg/l; N-NH3 : 30,18 – 129,6 mg/l; lemak : 21 – 292. mg/l; total Cr: 0,47 – 0,76 mg/l; dan pH: 9 – 12. UPAL tersebut diopersikan selama 5 jam/hari dengan debit berkisar antara 0,5 sampai 1 m3 per jam, dengan tingkat pencemaran COD 1.500 mg/l dan BOD maks 750 mg/l. Unit pengolahan air limbah (UPAL) ini terdiri dari perlakuan awal pre treatment (penyaringan pengendapan awal), penampungan (homogenisasi), perlakuan kimia (flokulasi/koagulasi), fakultatif anaerob I, fakultatif anaerob II, penyaringan lumpur dan bak kontrol akhir. Efisiensi pengolahan berkisar antara 22,53 sampai 97%. Kata kunci: air limbah, rancang bangun, UPAL, lingkungan.

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