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Screening Variables in Reducing the Brown Color from the Filtrate of Heavy Metal’s Elimination Indrajati Kohar; Soediatmoko Soediman; Mario Mario; Deby Vinolia; Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih; Leon Janssen
MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): DECEMBER
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Surabaya

Heavy metals contamination is a major concern in the world, and also is in Indonesia. Manyattempts have been done to reduce or even eliminate it from the environment, among other ways theuse of agriculture waste, such as rice straw. Why use rice straw? Because it is available abundantly.Many studies showed that rice straw could adsorb heavy metals from polluted water, and it is cheap.The drawback of rice straw is the color of the filtrate is brown, so that it cannot be used for everydayor household purposes. An attempt using enzyme has been tried to reduce the brown color and it didreduce the brown color. Enzyme L-α-arabino-furanosidase is used in this study. However, as there aremany variables used in the experiments, before optimization can be conducted, a screening needs to becarried out first. Type of enzyme (optimum temperature of 50oC and 70oC), incubation time and amountof enzyme, number time of washing, water for washing, place of the rice plantation (high land and lowland), and size of straw, are the variables that need to be screened. The variables that gives the highestresponse in this study were enzyme-50, amount of enzyme : straw = 2 : 1 (10 ml of enzyme for each 5g of straw), 1 hour incubation time, amount of washing : 5 x 5 ml, place of plant: low land, and size ofstraw: ground. As for the type of washing liquid, both either demineralised water or Pb solution were thesame. However, the variables are still need to be reduced, and the experiment/study will be continuedto optimize the reduced variables.

Adsorption of Cadmium (II) and Lead (II) by Agricultural Wastes Indrajati Kohar
Purifikasi Vol 8 No 2 (2007): Jurnal Purifikasi
Publisher : Department of Environmental Engineering-Faculty of Civil, Environmental and Geo Engineering. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25983806.v8.i2.122

As heavy metal pollution becomes a growing concern in the world, many environmentally friendly ways to remove heavy metals have been studied. Agricultural waste is an option for this purpose. In this paper, four agricultural wastes were studied towards their ability to adsorb Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions at concentrations of 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/L, viz. rice straw, sweet rice straw, sugar cane bagasse, and activated carbon from sugar cane bagasse as a reference. Carbon from sugar cane bagasse showed better adsorption efficiencies for Pb(II) and Cd(II) than the other three adsorbents (rice straw, sweet rice straw, and sugar cane bagasse). Adsorption activity on Pb(II) was: rice straw ≈ sweet rice straw > bagasse, while on Cd(II): sugar cane bagasse ≈ rice straw ≈ sweet rice straw. However, the adsorption capacities of the three types of adsorbent do not much lower than the activated carbon, where as the activated carbon is much costly. The higher the initial concentrations of Cd(II) and Pb(II) solutions, the lower % of metal adsorbed, even though the mg of metals adsorbed/g adsorbent increased.

STUDI KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT DALAM DAGING IKAN DARI TAMBAK YANG DEKAT DAN YANG JAUH DARI DAERAH INDUSTRI Indrajati Kohar; Ryanto Budiono; Diana Indriany; Nanik S. Wilujeng
JURNAL PENELITIAN BIOLOGI BERKALA PENELITIAN HAYATI Vol 10 No 2 (2005): June 2005
Publisher : The East Java Biological Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23869/443

Water pollution lately is often becomes an important topic due to its correlation with health. Heavy metals that accumulated in human body mostly come from food. One kind of food that used to be contaminated by heavy metals is fish. Therefore it is interesting to study the heavy metals content in fish, whether it comes from industrial contaminated water. Study on the content of heavy metals Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in ponds near and far from industrial areas has been conducted. The chosen areas were one from Sidoarjo area and one from Babat area, both are located in East Java. Samples were the meat of fish called tilapia (from Sidoarjo area), and milkfish and goldfish (from Babat area), also the water and mud from the ponds. Analytical method was wet destruction. Measurement of heavy metals content was done by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICPS). In Babat area’s pond water was not found neither Cr, Cu, Pb nor Zn, while Zn was detected in Sidoarjo area’s, however, it was under the limit of detection. The mud of both ponds contained Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. The goldfish contained only Cu and Zn, whereas the tilapia and milkfish contained Cu, Pb and Zn, however the metals content were not exceeded the maximum limit stated in the PPOM regulation No. 03725/B/SK/VII/89.

STUDI KANDUNGAN LOGAM Pb DALAM TANAMAN KANGKUNG UMUR 3 DAN 6 MINGGU YANG DITANAM DI MEDIA YANG MENGANDUNG Pb Kohar, Indrajati; poppy_hardjo@ubaya.ac.id, Poppy Hartatie; Lika, Imelda Inge
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 9, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Study on Pb Content in 3 Week and 6 Week Old Kangkung (Ipomoea reptans Poir) Planted in Pb containing Media. A study on the content of Pb in kangkung has been conducted. Land kangkung (Ipomoea reptans) was used as the sample, and was planted in hydrophonic media, and watered with Multigrow Complete Plant Food (2000 mg/L) and Pb solution (2 mg/L) twice a day. Samples were taken based on the age (3 and 6 week old), and part of the plant (root and all parts without root). Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICPS) Fison 3410+ was used to measure the Pb content. It was shown that in the plant the accumulation was mostly happened in the root. The 6 week-old plant contained Pb not just in the root (3.36 mg/kg sample) but also in the other part of the plant (2.09 mg/kg sample) and those were exceeded the maximum dietary allowance (2 mg/kg sample) regulated by the Indonesian FDA; while in the 3 week-old plant the Pb content in the root was 1.86 mg/kg sample and in the other part of the plan was 1.13 mg/kg, which is not exceeded the dietary allowance. So it is advisable to harvest the kangkung vegetable at the most of 3 week-old.

STUDI KANDUNGAN LOGAM Pb DALAM BATANG DAN DAUN KANGKUNG (Ipomoea reptans) YANG DIREBUS DENGAN PENAMBAHAN NaCl DAN ASAM ASETAT Kohar, Indrajati; Hardjo, Poppy Hartatie; Jonatan, Melyana; Agustanti, Onie
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 8, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Study on The Content of Pb in Twigs And Leaves of Kangkung (Ipomoea reptans Poir) Boiled With The Addition of NaCl And Acetic Acid. Kangkung is a kind of favorable vegetables that used to grow near a river, and is cultivated and watered with water from the river. If the river is polluted by heavy metals, there is a risk that the plant is contaminated too. A study on the content of Pb in kangkung planted in Pb contaminated media has been conducted, and it was proven that Pb was found in the plant. Land kangkung (Ipomoea reptans) was used as sample, and was planted in hydrophonic media, and watered with Multigrow Complete Plant Food (2000 mg/L) and Pb solution (2 mg/L) twice a day. Samples were taken based on the age of 54 days, then the twigs and leaves were boiled in different ways: I. Boiled with no addition, II. Boiled with addition of NaCl , and III. Boiled with addition of acetic acid. IV. Unboiled sample as the control. Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICPS) Fison 3410+ was used to measure the Pb content. It was shown that boiling the kangkung reduced the Pb content in the leaves as well as in the twigs; however, the acetic acid addition showed the least effect. In the leaves the three different ways of boiling did not show significant different, while in twigs the different was significant.

Rapid screening analysis of antioxidant activities in green tea products using DPPH and FRAP Setiawan, Vendra; Phangestu, Sherlly; Soetikno, Agatha Grace; Arianti, Angelina; Kohar, Indrajati
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2021.007.01.2

Free radicals are formed inside and outside the body. Free radicals inside the body can be created in the cell compartments. The reactions are complex through the initiation, propagation, and termination stages. On the other hand, free radicals in the outer body can be formed from pollutions and environmental damage action.Â Excessive free radicals cause oxidative stress and use destructive cellular to affect health conditions. Antioxidants are known as essential agents in biological systems against diseases triggered by free radicals. One of the many antioxidants found in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) is polyphenols. A colorimetry method was employed to evaluate the dominant antioxidant compound of the total phenolic and flavonoid content in two selected tea products. The total phenolic content was determined by utilizing the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. In addition, an aluminum colorimetric assay is applied to assess flavonoid content. Rapid screening of antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometric method is employed to determine IC50 values of tea extracts utilizing DPPH and FRAP. The FRAP method showed more sensitivity in determining antioxidant activities with the feasibility of working in low analyte concentrations than the DPPH method. The high total phenolic and flavonoid contents found in this experiment are in line with low IC50 values. It was also found out that brewed green tea has lower total phenol content than green tea bags.

Rapid screening analysis of antioxidant activities in green tea products using DPPH and FRAP Setiawan, Vendra; Phangestu, Sherlly; Soetikno, Agatha Grace; Arianti, Angelina; Kohar, Indrajati
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2021.007.01.2

Free radicals are formed inside and outside the body. Free radicals inside the body can be created in the cell compartments. The reactions are complex through the initiation, propagation, and termination stages. On the other hand, free radicals in the outer body can be formed from pollutions and environmental damage action.Â Excessive free radicals cause oxidative stress and use destructive cellular to affect health conditions. Antioxidants are known as essential agents in biological systems against diseases triggered by free radicals. One of the many antioxidants found in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) is polyphenols. A colorimetry method was employed to evaluate the dominant antioxidant compound of the total phenolic and flavonoid content in two selected tea products. The total phenolic content was determined by utilizing the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. In addition, an aluminum colorimetric assay is applied to assess flavonoid content. Rapid screening of antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometric method is employed to determine IC50 values of tea extracts utilizing DPPH and FRAP. The FRAP method showed more sensitivity in determining antioxidant activities with the feasibility of working in low analyte concentrations than the DPPH method. The high total phenolic and flavonoid contents found in this experiment are in line with low IC50 values. It was also found out that brewed green tea has lower total phenol content than green tea bags.

Cytotoxicity Assay of Dètente Instantanée Côntrolée Pre-Dried Pandanus conoideus Lam. Extracts Yunita, Oeke; Kohar, Indrajati; Allaf, Karim; Anggara, Aris Sri
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia
Publisher : Pengurus Pusat Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) contains antioxidant compounds in high levels, including beta-carotene and tocopherol, which neutralize free radical compounds which can cause cancer. Red fruit contains 46% water so red fruit can only last 5 days in this condition. To maintain its stability, it is necessary to dry it with various methods, for example détente instantanée contrôlée (DIC) is a revolutionary pressure drop drying procedure. Every procedure for drying raw material can affect its quality and activity, for example the anticancer activity of red fruit. In-vitro cytotoxicity of DIC pre-dried red fruit extracts on HeLa cells has never been tested, so it is important to study. Red fruit which was obtained from Klamono, Sorong, a highland in Papua was extracted with ethanol or hexane which previously dried by DIC pre-drying or conventional drying methods were weighed then dissolved in DMSO. Cytotoxicity assays was conducted using method the MTT with five levels of extract concentration. Result of this research showed that cytotoxicity assay of red fruit extracts on HeLa cells showed that red fruit extract can inhibit cell viability. The conventionally dried red fruit extract shows stronger cytotoxicity against HeLa cells than the DIC pre-dried extract. Red fruit extract cytotoxicity against HeLa cells: ethanolic extract of red fruit previously dried by conventional drying technique > ethanolic extract of red fruit previously dried by DIC pre-drying process > hexane extract of red fruit previously dried by conventional drying method > hexane extract of red fruit previously dried by DIC pre-drying process.

Juvenile Murderers: Is It the Impact of Dark Triad Personality or Lead Poisoning? A Comparative Study Rahayu, Yusti Probowati; Setiawan, Vendra; Manafe, Rizky Pradita; Indrajati Kohar
Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology Vol 14 No 3 SEPTEMBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/jehcp.vi.31016

This study contributes by integrating psychological and pharmacological perspectives in understanding juvenile murderers. This is a comparative study that compares DTP and Pb between juvenile murderers and non-criminal juveniles. The participants were 7 juvenile murderers and 7 non-criminal juveniles. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy was used to examine Pb levels in hair. A modified Paulhus and William DTP questionnaire was applied to all participants. Qualitative data used interview and drawing test on juvenile murderers. Quantitative data on murderous and non-criminal juveniles for DTP used T Test and Pb were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Correlation between DTP and Pb used Pearson Correlation. Qualitative analyzed used thematic content analysis. Results revealed that there are has significant differences on Pb between JM and NCM. Pb levels in juvenile murderers were higher than those in noncriminal ones. There is no difference between juvenile murderers and noncriminal ones, according to DTP. However, descriptive statistics revealed that adolescent murderers typically had higher DTP than noncriminal ones. Based on the structural interview and psychological drawing test, juvenile murderers tend to have DTP characteristics. Spearman correlation showed that there was no correlation between Pb and DTP noncriminal adolescents. Further research is needed with more precise and comprehensive methods to find out the causes of teenagers committing murder, one of them is qualitative approach. Integration with pharmaceuticals remains necessary because juvenile murder cannot be explained solely by a psychological approach.

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