Haryono Rinardi
Departemen Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Diponegoro

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Inter-islands Dynamic Economy: Colonial Policy on the Indonesian Ports Development for International and Domestic Shipping During Colonial Times Haryono Rinardi; Yety Rochwulaningsih
Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration Vol 4, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (154.302 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmsni.v4i1.7899

Abstract

As a capital-intensive transport technology linked to industrialized economies, ports become more essential economic infrastructure for developing periphery. Using the historical method, this article examines the relations between ports construction and the development of the voyages of the Indonesian archipelago, which was before called the Dutch East Indies. Based on the results, the port's construction caused by several factors. First, the colonial government wanted to reduce Singapore's role as an entre-port for the Dutch East Indies shipping activities, so that several ports been developed in the outer islands of Java. Second, ports development in outer islands became one of the Dutch economic expansions. Third, to relinquish reliance on foreign shipping companies, the colonial government then developed KPM and gave a monopoly right of shipping across the islands. Fourth, the utilization of modern ship engines in shipping led the growing up international voyages and had prompted the government to develop ports. Another interesting finding from this article is the relation between shipping and trade, the port constructions in various parts of the Dutch East Indies has encouraged trading networks developed in the area.
Foreign Consortium Institution and the Economic Dependency of Indonesia during the New Order: From IGGI to CGI Noor Naelil Masruroh; Haryono Rinardi
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Politik Ekonomi dan Identitas Budaya
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v7i1.42071

Abstract

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the economic dependency of Indonesia on sources of foreign loan funds. The problems were analyzed through the historical method based on the primary sources such as annual report from World Bank and the Indonesian Ministry of Finance. IGGI and CGI claimed to be able to support Indonesia to break away from the shackles of financial problems. Both institutions rescheduled the debt of Indonesia to the creditor countries and opened networking access of international donor from the government, private, or international donor institutions such as World Bank and IMF in two mechanisms long-term and short-term. Short term was provided to Indonesia to give space in funding import commodity, while the long-term was used to fund investment and infrastructure program. The high level of dependency made Indonesia's debt difficult to break away and the amount piled up. Indonesia's economic policy in the New Order was considered as a disaster that had an enormous effect until today.