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All Journal Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha Mimbar Yustitia : Jurnal Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Smart: Journal of Sharia, Tradition, and Modernity Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice The Journal Of Socio Legal and Islam Law Jurnal Muhammadiyah Studies Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security
L. Ya Esty Pratiwi
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Religion Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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HUKUM SIBER : PRAKTIK SPIONASE DALAM KEDAULATAN NEGARA DAN HUBUNGAN DIPLOMASI BERDASARKAN KETENTUAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL L. Ya Esty Pratiwi; Zezito Fatima Martins Correia
Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha Vol. 8 No. 3 (2020): September, Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jpku.v8i3.28922

Abstract

Praktik pengumpulan informasi secara rahasia atas suatu hal yang sangat sensitif dari Negara penerima oleh perwakilan diplomatik Negara pengirim, dapat dikategorikan sebagai tidakan spionase, Praktik spionase melanggar kedaulatan Negara karena bertentangan dengan Hukum Internasional terkait pengumpulan informasi di suatu Negara, dengan cara yang sah. Tindakan spionase juga merupakan pelanggaran terhadap etika hubungan kerja sama antar Negara yang berlandaskan itikad baik sesuai dengan kebiasaan internasional. Ada sejumlah konsekuensi hukum bagi Negara yang melakukan tindakan spionase terhadap Negara lain. Tindakan Persona non-Grata terhadap perwakilan diplomatik maupun pemutusan hubungan diplomatik terhadap Negara yang melakukan spionase, merupakan konsekuensi hukum berdasarkan Hukum Diplomatik. Selanjutnya, Negara yang menjadi korban tindakan spionase juga dapat membawa kasus ini ke hadapan Mahkamah Internasional apabila praktik spionase dilakukan oleh Negara ataupun organ pemerintah dari Negara lain. Penyelesaian sengketa diplomatik yang berkaitan dengan praktik spionase terselubung, telah disediakan dalam Optional Protocol concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes of Viena Convention on Diplomatic Relation, April 18 1961. Cara ini dilakukan dengan cara mengajukan permohonan sengketa ke ICJ, dengan sebelumnya diawali Arbitrase dan/atau konsiliasi.
In-depth Review: Legal review on human rights enforcement in the ASEAN and EU context Pratiwi, L. yes Esty; Saputro, Triyono Adi; Rahman , Kholilul; Arifin, Samsul; Islam, Muhammad Saiful
Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice
Publisher : CV. Ius et Ambientis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62264/jlej.v1i3.16

Abstract

ASEAN is one of the regional organizations without an inter-governmental regional human rights machinery. In addition, ASEAN must respond to the new phenomenon that human rights are no longer merely a problem within a country, but have become a problem between countries. On this basis the author carries out a legal comparison, because one of the points stated in the objectives in The ASEAN Charter, namely: respecting fundamental freedoms, promotion and protection of human rights, and promotion of social justice, as well as the establishment of an ASEAN human rights body, as a step to guarantee more concrete human rights certainty in ASEAN. The method used in this research is legal research with a common-core method approach which in general is the application of the functional method which is expanded by using the law in context method. The aim of this research is to unify the mechanisms for law enforcement and protection of human rights in ASEAN which are related to the authority of regional human rights institutions in deciding cases of violations of human rights so that they are in accordance with the objectives contained in the ASEAN Charter.
The Legitimacy of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Usage in International Humanitarian Law L.Ya Esty Pratiwi
Socio Legal and Islamic Law Vol 2 No 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jssl.v2i2.22382

Abstract

The use of drones as a weapon in the battlefield has raised various issues, especially concerning the protection of civilian populations and compliance with the principles of IHL (International Humanitarian Law). Although there are no specific international regulations governing the use of drones, flexible principles of IHL can be applied. However, the use of drones for armed attacks has raised questions about the legality and state responsibility for their impact. In the context of the United States, the use of drones has raised concerns regarding violations of IHL and international law. Protecting civilians under IHL and distinguishing between military and non-military targets are primary concerns in assessing the use of drones as weapons. Furthermore, the need for stricter international regulations and state accountability in the use of drones is also highlighted in this article. Thus, this article presents an in-depth analysis of the legal challenges and implications of drone use in wartime situations, as well as emphasizing the need for a clear regulatory framework within the context of international law. Keywords: Keywords: Civilian population, Legality and accountability of states, International law
Legal Review of Muhammadiyah's Strategy in Preventing the Spread of Radicalism Samsul Arifin; L.ya Esty Pratiwi; Asis Asis
Jurnal Muhammadiyah Studies Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/jms.v9i1.36155

Abstract

Radicalism among the youth is a serious challenge to security and social stability in Indonesia. Muhammadiyah, as one of the largest Islamic organizations in the country, plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of radicalism. This study aims to analyze Muhammadiyah's strategies in preventing radicalism among the youth, particularly through a legal and human rights (HAM) approach. This research employs a normative legal research method with a juridical and conceptual approach. Data is obtained through the study of documents and literature related to the radicalism prevention strategies implemented by Muhammadiyah. The findings indicate that Muhammadiyah's strategies in preventing radicalism focus on education, moderate preaching (dakwah), and character building of the youth based on the values of Islam as a blessing for all (rahmatan lil 'alamin). The legal and human rights approach is applied in the form of respect for freedom of religion, the right to education, and efforts to prevent discrimination as well as actions that violate the law in the process of preventing radicalism. However, there are challenges in implementing these strategies, particularly regarding the alignment between Muhammadiyah's programs and government regulations, as well as public perceptions of radicalism.
Pollution Of The Marine Environment In The Southeast Asian Region In The Perspective Of International Environmental Law L.ya Esty Pratiwi; Achmad Hariri; Levina Yustitianingtyas
MIMBAR YUSTITIA : Jurnal Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52166/mimbar.v9i1.9960

Abstract

Marine environmental pollution has emerged as a critical issue in Southeast Asia, a region known for its rich marine biodiversity, strategic maritime routes, and rapid economic development. The combination of dense maritime traffic, industrial expansion, and inadequate regulatory enforcement has intensified the vulnerability of this region to marine pollution, including oil spills, plastic waste, and chemical discharge. This paper examines the legal framework governing marine environmental protection under international environmental law, with a particular emphasis on its application and enforcement in Southeast Asia.The study analyzes key international conventions such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78), the London Dumping Convention 1972, the Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation Convention (OPRC) 1990, and the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC) 1969. These instruments are critically reviewed in terms of their relevance, ratification status, and domestic implementation across Southeast Asian countries. Using a normative research methodology, this paper is supported by a case study of the Montara oil spill in the Timor Sea, which significantly impacted Indonesia’s marine ecosystem and highlighted deficiencies in cross-border environmental governance. The study underscores the shared responsibility of both state and non-state actors in preventing and mitigating marine pollution and stresses the urgent need for enhanced regional cooperation, legal harmonization, and institutional capacity-building. Despite the presence of robust international legal frameworks, challenges persist in enforcement due to legal fragmentation, technical limitations, and political sensitivities. This paper recommendas strengthening regional legal instruments, improving state compliance, and fostering collaborative mechanisms to ensure sustainable marine environmental governance in Southeast Asia.
Gender and Labor Law Reform in Indonesia: Challenges to the Protection of Women Workers in the Post-Omnibus Law Era Maesarani; L. ya Esty Pratiwi
SMART: Journal of Sharia, Traditon, and Modernity Vol. 5 No. 2 December (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/smart.v5i2.31680

Abstract

This study analyzes post-Omnibus Law labor law reform in relation to the legal protection of women workers in Indonesia. The study is grounded in the gap between normative protection and the practical implementation of women workers’ rights within flexible employment relations. The objective of this study is to compare the regulation of women workers’ protection under Law Number 13 of 2003 and Law Number 6 of 2023, and to examine its juridical implications for job security, maternity rights, and gender justice. This study employs a normative legal method through a statute approach and a comparative approach, by analyzing statutory regulations, legal literature, and court decisions related to labor law. The findings indicate that labor reform continues to maintain the normative protection of women workers; however, the expansion of contract-based employment systems and outsourcing potentially weakens substantive protection, particularly for vulnerable women workers. This study underscores the need for gender-responsive labor policies, strengthened supervision, and effective law enforcement to ensure the sustainable protection of women workers. The findings further indicate that labor market flexibility in contemporary Indonesia tends to prioritize investment over the substantive protection of women workers.
PEMBATASAN MASA JABATAN ANGGOTA LEGISLATIF PERSPEKTIF KONSTITUSIONALISME A. Basuki Babussalam; Achmad Hariri; L. Ya Esty Pratiwi
Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24246/jrh.2025.v10.i1.p67-90

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji urgensi pembatasan masa jabatan anggota legislatif dalam perspektif konstitusionalisme, khususnya terkait prinsip pembatasan kekuasaan. Berbeda dengan cabang eksekutif yang telah mengenal pembatasan masa jabatan, lembaga legislatif di Indonesia belum memiliki pengaturan serupa. Pasal 76 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2014 hanya mengatur masa jabatan lima tahun tanpa batasan periode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ketiadaan pembatasan masa jabatan berpotensi mendorong konsentrasi kekuasaan dan menghambat regenerasi politik. Dalam praktik beberapa negara, pembatasan masa jabatan legislatif mulai dipertimbangkan sebagai bagian dari penguatan akuntabilitas. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pembatasan masa jabatan legislatif dapat menjadi salah satu instrumen untuk memperkuat prinsip konstitusionalisme dan mendorong sistem demokrasi yang lebih seimbang. Secara akademik, kajian ini memperluas diskursus mengenai pembatasan kekuasaan dengan menempatkannya tidak hanya pada cabang eksekutif, tetapi juga legislatif.
Beyond Terrorism: An Interdisciplinary Legal Study of The Motivation, Impact, and Solidarity of Lone Wolf Terrorism: Melampaui Terorisme: Studi Hukum Interdisipliner tentang Motif, Dampak, dan Solidaritas Terorisme Lone Wolf Samsul Arifin; Achmad Hariri; L.ya Esty Pratiwi; Agus Supriyo
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v4i2.26394

Abstract

Lone wolf terrorism is terrorism committed by individuals without direct affiliation with large terrorist organizations. This phenomenon is increasingly worrying in various countries, including Indonesia. Attacks by self-radicalized individuals have a different pattern from conventional terrorism, as the perpetrators act alone and are difficult to detect by security forces. In Indonesia, the increase in Lone Wolf terrorism cases in recent years is due to the easy access to the internet and social media that spread radicalism. The city of Surabaya came under scrutiny after the terrorist attacks in May 2018, where several acts were linked to large networks such as Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD). The government and local communities, such as the Community of Peace Fighters, have tried to prevent radicalization through deradicalization programs and monitoring of vulnerable individuals. However, the individualistic and disorganized nature of lone wolf terrorism makes it difficult to anticipate. This research aims to identify patterns of radicalization that can give rise to lone terrorists, who are not directly affiliated with terrorist groups. The method used is interdisciplinary legal research with a qualitative approach, which was carried out at the Surabaya Peace Fighters Community, which is under the guidance of the Special Da'wah Institute (LDK) of the Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership (PWM) of East Java. The results of this study show that there are so many external factors that make a person radicalized. One of them is ideological factors, social conditions, structural injustices that encourage them to rebel, and the most powerful is the understanding that radical actions are justified by religious teachings (Islam).
The Legitimacy of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Usage in International Humanitarian Law L.Ya Esty Pratiwi
Socio Legal and Islamic Law Vol 2 No 2 (2023): The Journal of Socio-Legal and Islamic law
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jssl.v2i2.22382

Abstract

The use of drones as a weapon in the battlefield has raised various issues, especially concerning the protection of civilian populations and compliance with the principles of IHL (International Humanitarian Law). Although there are no specific international regulations governing the use of drones, flexible principles of IHL can be applied. However, the use of drones for armed attacks has raised questions about the legality and state responsibility for their impact. In the context of the United States, the use of drones has raised concerns regarding violations of IHL and international law. Protecting civilians under IHL and distinguishing between military and non-military targets are primary concerns in assessing the use of drones as weapons. Furthermore, the need for stricter international regulations and state accountability in the use of drones is also highlighted in this article. Thus, this article presents an in-depth analysis of the legal challenges and implications of drone use in wartime situations, as well as emphasizing the need for a clear regulatory framework within the context of international law. Keywords: Keywords: Civilian population, Legality and accountability of states, International law
Co-Authors A. Basuki Babussalam Achmad Hariri Agus Supriyo Asis Asis Islam, Muhammad Saiful Levina Yustitianingtyas Maesarani Rahman , Kholilul Samsul Arifin Samsul Arifin Samsul Arifin Saputro, Triyono Adi Zezito Fatima Martins Correia