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Petrographic analysis on prehistoric-protohistoric pottery of Northern coastal sites of central java: “early studies of environmental archaeology”. Kasnowihardjo, Gunadi
KALPATARU Vol 26, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

AbstractPottery or often called gerabah is one of the results of technology that developed in the neolithic period, until now some people in Central Java in general and in the northern coast of Rembang regency in particular still found pottery craftsmen, one of them is in Balong Mulyo Village, Kragan District, Regency of Rembang. To get raw materials such as clay and sand, Balong Mulyo pottery craftsmen apparently make use of natural resources in their environment. As one artifact made from clay and sand materials, petrographically pottery can be analyzed type content and mineral percentage. The results of an analysis of petrographic samples of pottery fragments from prehistoric-protohistoric sites in the northern coast of Central Java such as Binangun, Leran, Plawangan and Tanjungan sites, have in common with the pottery samples from Balong Mulyo. This is one of the benefits of applying petrographic studies in archaeological research. In addition, the results of this petrographic study can provide an explanation that prehistoric-protohistoric humans in the northern coastal area of Central Java to meet their daily needs have utilized the natural resources of their environment, one of which is in pottery technology.Keywords: Pottery, Neolithic, Petrographic analysis, Raw material, Environment. Abstrak Tembikar atau sering disebut gerabah adalah salah satu hasil teknologi yang berkembang pada masa neolitik, hingga sekarang sebagian masyarakat di Jawa Tengah umumnya dan di daerah pantai utara Kabupaten Rembang khususnya masih ditemukan pengrajin tembikar, salah satu di antaranya adalah di Desa Balong Mulyo, Kecamatan Kragan, Kabupaten Rembang. Untuk mendapatkan bahan baku seperti tanah liat dan pasir, para pengrajin tembikar Balong Mulyo rupa-rupanya memanfaatkan sumberdaya alam di lingkungan mereka. Sebagai salah satu artefak yang dibuat dari bahan baku tanah liat dan pasir, secara petrografis tembikar dapat dianalisis kandungan jenis dan prosentasi mineralnya. Hasil analisis petrografi sampel fragmen tembikar dari situs-situs prasejarah-protosejarah di kawasan pantai utara Jawa Tengah seperti Situs Binangun, Leran, Plawangan, dan Tanjungan, secara garis besar memiliki kesamaan dengan sampel tembikar dari Balong Mulyo. Inilah salah satu manfaat penerapan kajian petrografi dalam penelitian arkeologi. Selain itu, hasil kajian petrografi ini dapat memberikan penjelasan bahwa manusia prasejarah-protosejarah di kawasan pantai utara Jawa Tengah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari mereka telah memanfaatkan sumberdaya alam lingkungannya, salah satu di antaranya adalah dalam teknologi pembuatan tembikar.Kata Kunci: Tembikar, Neolitik, Analisis petrografi, Bahan baku, Lingkungan

SEKILAS TENTANG SEBARAN MANUSIA PRASEJARAH INDONESIA Kasnowihardjo, Gunadi
Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua dan Papua Barat Vol 2, No 2 (2010): November 2010
Publisher : BALAI ARKEOLOGI PAPUA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (68.634 KB)

Prehistoric terminology of Indonesia, Wajak human life begins from approximately 40.000 years ago, artifact similar Sumatralith or often mentioned with hoabinhian term was found spread almost all over the archipelago. Based of homo sapiens sites dating and artifact hoabinhian was found on site Wajak approximately 40.000 years. There are still many problems of migration of peoples who inhabited the region of Southeast Asia and the Pacific that has not been completely answered.

Kutai, Tonggak Sejarah Nasional Indonesia Kasnowihardjo, Gunadi
Naditira Widya Vol 1, No 1 (2007): Naditira Widya Vol. 1 No.1
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan

Kutai in Muara Kaman is acknowledged the oldest evidence of the ancient history of Indonesia. In order to present a complete understanding on its role, an extensive site exploration and excavation in Muara Kaman can be achieved by carrying out research collaboration between archaeology and history. In 1997, an archaeological research has been undertaken by Machi Suhadi, which was continued by Bambang Sulistyanto in 1998. However, the researches have not covered the whole area which is suggested as the ancient Kutai Kingdom. I presume that ancient Kutai has developed since prehistory and progressed until protohistory. Therefore, to study Kutai during that specific time range is very important. What occurred in the region considered ancient Kutai? Who visited ancient Kutai? Had trading activities taken place then? What was the main commodity?

Arrival of Austronesian Immigrants in the Java Sea Region, Central Java, Indonesia: A New Dating Interpretation Sulistyarto, Priyatno Hadi; Kasnowihardjo, Gunadi; Rahayuningsih, Restu A.
INFLUENCE: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): INFLUENCE: International Journal of Science Review
Publisher : Global Writing Academica Researching and Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54783/influencejournal.v6i1.214

The research analyzes the chronology of the arrival of Austronesian speakers in the Java Sea Region, Indonesia, through absolute and relative dating analysis. Radiocarbon dating analysis of findings of human skeletons from research at the Leran and Plawangan Sites, Central Java Province, and the East Tamberu Site, East Java Province, shows significant dating, namely, far past historical times. Relative dating analysis is based on textual and artifactual data found contextually on Bawean Island in the Java Sea Region. The discovery of absolute and relative dating results can fill in the gaps in the chronology of the arrival of the Austronesian speakers in the Java Sea Region, the North Coast of Java, and the Madura Islands. Bawean Island is thought to be a transit area for Austronesian speakers, so absolute dating samples were taken from the closest and farthest sites from Bawean Island, namely Leran and Tamberu Timur sites. Meanwhile, 2 Long Grave Units were found on Bawean Island as relative dating samples. Both will provide information on the chronology of the arrival of Austronesian speakers in the Java Sea area.

HASIL EKSKAVASI SITUS MALANGSARI, BANYUWANGI: Â€ŒDATA BARU DOLMEN DI JAWA TIMURÂ€ Kasnowihardjo, Gunadi
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 37 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v37i1.108

Generally in Indonesia and especially in Java, until now, in East Java dolmens are known to be found in, which is in Bondowoso and Besuki. Lately, it is known that dolmen are also found in the area of Banyuwangi Regency. One of the monuments from this megalithic tradition found in the area of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XII Malangsari, Banyuwangi, East Java. Based on information from the local community it is estimated that the Malangsari plantation area is the Dolmen Tomb Site. Physically, construction of the dolmen in this area only has a few interference because it is buried between 50-60 cm and covered by a coffee plantation which owned by PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XII. However, some of the dolmens have been excavated by people looters. They were able to open the dolmen tomb simply by opening a stone without unpacking its construction. Dolmen that was found from the excavation at Petak D 55 Sidomaju Block, Afdeling Mulyosari, Malangsari, are still intact if it is seen physically and from the construction, but both the human remains and artifacts ware not found. It is a proof that this dolmen has been opened before. Nevertheless, Malangsari dolmen is a very interesting object to conduct research, because of its wide distribution area and there has not been done a comprehensive research for this object. In the future, this object is important to investigate, both for the development of archaeological research, as well as for the benefit of archaeological resource management in Indonesia.

KONTRIBUSI HASIL PENELITIAN ARKEOLOGI DALAM PROGRAM KEBHINEKAAN SEBAGAI PEMERSATU BANGSA: STUDI KASUS PADA SITUS KUBUR PRASEJARAH DI PANTAI UTARA JAWA TENGAH Kasnowihardjo, Gunadi
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 36 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v36i2.234

Lately, the decline in the understanding of Pancasila and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika as the identity and ideology of the Indonesian nation has become a central issue that we must solve together. Diversity in ethnicity, religion, race, and customs owned by the Indonesian nation has been perceived and understood since thousands of years ago, diversities which were starting to be joined together during the Majapahit era. Mpu Tantular in his infamous Kakawin Sutasoma has written â€œbhinnekatunggalikatan hanadharma mangrwaâ€, an idea about unity in diversity. From then on, this idea has grown into nationalism spirit, which eventually became a tremendous force to repel the Dutch colonialist. Therefore these diversities must be maintained and preserved. Through a study about the past, archaeology has a role in protecting and preserving the cultural diversity to unify the nation.

TEMUAN BELIUNG DI KAWASAN DANAU: STUDI KASUS DI KAWASAN BEBERAPA RANU DI JAWA TIMUR Kasnowihardjo, Gunadi
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 34 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v34i2.21

The stone adze, both rectangular adze or pick adze, is one of the Â Neolithic toolsâ€™s characteristics. In the Asia-Pacific region, stone adze is contemporaneous with the spreading of Austronesian speakers. In East Java Â province two types of stone tools were found in the lakes region, that assumed as a past settlement. Stone adzes found in the lakes region sites areÂ new data that can complement the data related to the distribution of stone adze in Java, particularly in East Java. Is it true that the findings of the stone adze has a connection with the humans that inhabitants the lake area? Based of these research questions, this research need to be conducted. To answer the research question, spatial archaeological approach issued and also a petrographic analysis of several stone adze samples and stone adzeâ€™s rocks material from these research need to be conducted.

MODIFIKASI GIGI MANUSIA BINANGUN DAN LERAN: Â€ŒTEMUAN BARU DI KAWASAN PANTAI UTARA KABUPATEN REMBANG, JAWA TENGAHÂ€ Kasnowihardjo, Gunadi; Suriyanto, Rusyad Adi; Koesbardiati, Toetik; Murti, Delta Bayu
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 33 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v33i2.26

Something interesting about the findings of the human skeleton in Binangun and Leran Prehistoric Burial Sites is the modification of the human teeth that is extremely rare found in prehistoric grave in Java as well as in Indonesia. Such tradition is still practiced in Java and Bali by leveling the top or bottom front teeth (Jawa: pangur tradition). Forms of human teeth of Binangun, Leran 1 and Leran 2 are very unique, teeth of Binangun is tapered while human teeth of Leran 1 and Leran 2 shaped like a flower bud. Anatomically the shape of teeth can be altered by a person in the habit of using his teeth. But variations in tooth shape as found in individuals in the Binangun and Leran sites, Rembang regency, Central Java province, in general is the result of a tribal culture.

TEMUAN RANGKA MANUSIA AUSTRONESIA DI PANTURA JAWA TENGAH: Â€ŒSEBUAH KAJIAN AWAL" Kasnowihardjo, Gunadi
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 33 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v33i1.1

Preliminary research in Lasem, Sluke and Kragan Districts, Rembang Regency, Central Java has been conducted in late 2012. The first problem in this study is to reviewing the Prehistoric Burials Site at North Beach area (PANTURA) of Rembang Regency. The objective is to seek possibility of discovering several prehistoric grave sites along the coast between Kragan and Lasem Districts. By surveying the surface along the coast, was found a few locations that are identified as prehistoric grave site such in the village of Leran, Sluke District and village of Binangun, Lasem District. Based on the survey results followed by excavation to learn more about the grave sites, especially the skeleton that was buried as the main data of this research. The skeleton findings those are typical of the Austronesian culture. This finding is significant data. Even in terms of paleoanthropological study known about tooth modification in some individuals, both of which are found on Binangun and Leran. Modified forms of the teeth look likes jasmine flower buds have never been found anywhere else in Indonesia.

TEKNOLOGI GERABAH SITUS RANU BETHOK DAN RANU GRATI: SEBUAH KAJIAN BERDASARKAN ANALISIS PETROGRAFI Kasnowihardjo, Gunadi
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 32 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v32i2.51

Petrographic analysis is able to explain about the technology of pottery making, where the pottery come from and how to the pottery spread out. Petrographic analysis of sherds found either from the surface survey and excavations in the region of Bethok and Grati Lakes, can indicate whether the pottery found at the sites above have similar elements with the pottery marketed in the local market nowadays?. Based on the results of petrographic analysis can be concluded that the fragments of pottery found at both sites above have similar material elements of pottery now found in the local markets. Thus since long time ago pottery marketing from Besuk village production have reached the regional Tiris market within about 50 Km. Similarly, the pottery artefacts found at the Grati Lake are assumed to have originated from Keraton village production around 50 Km from the site.

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