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ALGEMENE MIDDELBARE SCHOOL SOLO 1925-1932: PORTRAIT OF THE FIRST MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN INDONESIA Priyatmoko, Heri
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.16205

Six decades ago, Muhammad Yamin with some other scholars actualized the dream of Ã¢â‚¬Å“indigenizationÃ¢â‚¬Â of Indonesian historiography in the Indonesian National Historical Seminar I. Yamin obtained the knowledge about Nusantara history when he attended Algemene Middelbare School (AMS) Solo in section A1, Oostersch Letterkundige (Eastern Letter) class. Under the care of Dr. W.F. Stutterheim, archaeologist, AMS students were taught about Indonesian culture. In here, studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ perspective was broadened with the point of views of Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism since they were taught about Indonesian culture that formed from a mixed element of Islam, Hindu, and Buddhist culture. Not to forget, they also studied Javanese and Malay literature with Raden Tumenggung Yasawidagda. In the era of 1926, it is recorded that this school had more than 100 students. They came from Ambon, Batak, Padang, Aceh, Betawi, Priyangan, Madura, Sumatra, Bali, and Central Java, as well as Chinese and Dutch people. That historical fact shown that AMS Solo was the favorite school at that moment, at least was heard until outside Java. This first school in Indonesia that taught multicultural education produced many magnates at a later time like Dr. Prijono, Dr. Tjan Tjoe Siem, Armijn Pane, Amir Hamzah, Ahdiat K. Mihardja, Prof. Mr. Kusumadi, Prof. Ali Afandi, etc. This paper aims to discuss the learning model in AMS Solo based on cultural diversity, profiles of great teachers in AMS who had produced many national figures, as well as the response of Dutch colonial government and indigenous kingdom.Ã‚Â Enam dekade silam, Muhammad Yamin bersama kaum cerdik pandai lainnya mewujudkan impian Ã¢â‚¬Å“pribumisasiÃ¢â‚¬Â historiografi Indonesia dalam forum Seminar Sejarah Nasional Indonesia I. Pengetahuan tentang sejarah Nusantara diperoleh Yamin tatkala duduk di Algemmene Middelbare School (AMS) Solo. Di sini pula, perspektif siswa diperluas dengan pandangan dari sudut Islam, Hindu, dan Buddha lantaran mereka dicekoki kebudayaan Indonesia yang terbentuk dari percampuran antara unsur budaya Islam, Hindu, dan Buddha. Tidak lupa mempelajari juga kesusasteraan Jawa dan Melayu dengan guru Raden Tumenggung Yasawidagda. Pada era 1926, tercatat sekolahan ini sudah memperoleh murid lebih dari 100 orang. Mereka berasal dari Ambon, Batak, Padang, Aceh, Betawi, Priyangan, Madura, Sumatra, Bali, dan Jawa bagian tengah, serta kelompok Tionghoa dan Belanda. Fakta historis tersebut menujukkan bahwa AMS Solo merupakan sekolah favorit kala itu, setidaknya terdengar sampai ke luar Jawa. Sekolah pertama di Indonesia yang mengajarkan pendidikan multikultural ini melahirkan banyak tokoh terkemuka di kemudian hari seperti Dr. Prijono, Dr Tjan Tjoe Siem, Armijn Pane, Amir Hamzah, Ahdiat K. Mihardja, Prof. Mr. Kusumadi, Prof. Ali Afandi dan lainnya. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan model pembelajaran di AMS Solo yang berbasis keragaman budaya, profil para guru hebat di AMS yang berhasil menelurkan sederet tokoh bangsa, serta respon pemerintah kolonial Belanda dan kerajaan pribumi.Ã‚Â

PAGEBLUG DAN PERILAKU IRASIONAL DI VORSTENLANDEN ABAD XIX Priyatmoko, Heri; Kurniawan, Hendra
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 46, No 2 (2020): Majalah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v46i2.899

ABSTRACTThis article aims to discuss the events of the pageblug in Vorstenlanden or the royal domain in the nineteenth century using the perspective of local history. With historical method, it is known that pageblug is a miserable condition caused by an epidemic such as cholera which takes many lives and causes panic in the community. In the realm of irrational thought, pageblug is understood to be the work of Satan and Nyai Ratu Kidul. Whereas in logical thinking at the time, the plague was triggered by prolonged dry season changes, not the healthy behavior of the people. Residents respond to the pageblug with various irrational actions, such as bathing and drinking pool water which is used by the king to bathe. They also believe in cholera drug made from grass puzzles given by Sunan Lawu. With the knowledge of titen or empirical experience proving them natural elements can drive the pageblug, without having to go to a doctor who is very few in the nineteenth century.ABSTRAKArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peristiwa pageblug di Vorstenlanden atau wilayah kekuasaan kerajaan pada abad XIX dengan memakai perspektif sejarah lokal. Dengan metode sejarah, diketahui bahwa pageblug adalah kondisi nestapa yang disebabkan oleh wabah penyakit seperti kolera yang memakan banyak korban jiwa dan menimbulkan kepanikan di tengah masyarakat. Dalam alam pemikiran irasional, pageblug dipahami sebagai ulah setan dan Nyai Ratu Kidul. Sedangkan dalam pemikiran logis kala itu, wabah dipicu oleh perubahan musim kemarau yang berkepanjangan, belum mengemuka perkara perilaku sehat masyarakat. Penduduk menyikapi pageblug dengan aneka tindakan irasional, misalnya mandi dan minum air kolam yang dipakai mandi oleh raja. Mereka juga mempercayai obat kolera berbahan rumput teki yang diberikan oleh Sunan Lawu. Dengan ilmu titen atau pengalaman empiris tersebut, mereka membuktikan bahwa unsur alam itu dapat menghalau pageblug, tanpa harus pergi ke dokter yang jumlahnya terbatas di abad XIX.

Analisis determinan ketersediaan dokter spesialis dan gambaran fasilitas kesehatan di RSU pemerintah kabupaten/kota Indonesia (analisis data rifaskes 2011) Heri Priyatmoko; Lutfan Lazuardi; Mubasysyir Hasanbasri
Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia Vol 3, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Center for Health Policy and Management

Determinants of specialist availability in public hospitals: analysis of 2011 RifaskesABSTRACT Background:Indonesia still faces theproblem of unequal distribution of specialist doctors. The ratio of health workers per 100.000 population has not met the target. In 2008, the ratio of health workers to medical specialist per 100.000 population amounted to 7,73 compared to the target which is 9. Some areas of development in underserved areas, such as low economic power, lack of hospital system capacity and hospital medical equipment, have been neglected by government. Engagement of stakeholder to improve hospital quality system is a critical element to contribute to the policy of specialist doctors dsitribution, typically to increase the number of specialist doctors practising in rural and remote areas. Objective: To assess the determinants ofavailability of specialist doctors in government/public hospitals and to find out the correlation of variable factors. Methods: A cross sectional design was adopted for this study, in which 7 factors were chosen to assess determinant of availability of specialist doctors using a Health Facilities Research (Rifaskes) conducted Bay the HealthMinistry in 2011 and to describe availibility of hospital facilities in the Indonesian public hospitals. Results: Bivariate analysis indicated that level of district, hospital accredited, BLU versus Non-BLU, remuneration, hospital facilities, dan GNP significantly affect to the number of specialist doctors (p <0,05). Logistic regression indicated that the strongest predictors of availibility specialist is accredited public hospital with 12 standard of care (odds ratio 9,32 ; 95% CI: 1,2-72,4) ; p < 0.03). Level of district have significantly associated to availibility specialist in public hospital (odds ratio 2,15 ; (95% CI: 1,36-3,39) ; p = 0,001). Conclusion: The current study makes an important contribution to the literature in finding the determinants of distribution of specialist doctors in public hospital in Indonesia to address maldistribution between urban and rural barriers. Additional research is needed to examine preference to choose rural location and the incorporation of other retention strategies, such as medical educationinitiatives, community and professional support, differential rural fees and alternate funding models. Keywords: Availability,specialist doctors, specialistic facilities

ABDI DALEM DAN ABDI NEGARA: IDENTITAS GANDA SENIMANPRIYAYI KEMLAYAN SURAKARTA 1950-AN-1970-AN Heri Priyatmoko
LITERASI: Indonesian Journal of Humanities Vol 3 No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, Jember University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This article explains the identity of artist-priyayi in Kemlayan, Surakarta during the postcolonial period. Kasunanan court did not have the authority to keep abdi dalem to serve the king after the independence of Indonesia. The king could not guarantee the finance of pangrawit in Kemlayan. The question to respond the situation is what cultural political strategy was used by the artistpriyayi community in Kemlayan to deal with the changing era? How was their identity after the social class was omitted?With expertise in art, the artist-priyayi in Kemlayan joint art institution that belonged to the Indonesian government to become abdi negara. They were helping Keraton Kasunanan by joining in traditional events. Then they got new identity without losing their the previous one, as abdi dalem. They also kept their priyayi’s attributes. Strategy that was used by the artistpriyayi in Kemlayan brought a positive outcome. They have double identity and the functional role as artists remained although keraton hegemony was gone. Their work orientation was not serving the king anymore. Now they serve people in culture sector according the government’s plan. Their identity as priyayi was admitted by the people and government as respect for their contribution. Keywords: artists, priyayi, abdi dalem, hegemony, identity

Konflik Tanah Bengkok di Pedesaan Jawa Kontemporer Heri Priyatmoko
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2017): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Intisari:Tulisan ini membahas proses konflik tanah bengkok di Desa Telukan yang terjadi pada permulaan abad XXI. Masyarakat pedesaan dicitrakan komunitas yang tenang, jauh dari sikap kritis, dan hidup guyub rukun mendadak berubah dengan pecahnya konflik tanah bengkok. Tanah bengkok dipahami warga sebagai kekayaan desa yang harus dijaga dan umumnya berlokasi tidak jauh dari desa. Sengketa agraria ini dipicu oleh rasa ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap pamong desa dan tokoh masyarakat yang melakukan tukar guling tanah kas desa. Sebagian masyarakat merasa ditinggalkan oleh aparatur desa dalam mengambil keputusan penting itu. Akumulasi kekecewaan warga tersalurkan dengan membentuk organisasi Format dan melancarkan aksi demonstrasi yang digelar beberapa kali. Konflik tanah ini menyebabkan kehidupan desa sempat memanas dan masyarakat terbelah dalam beberapa kubu, yaitu mendukung ruislag, menolak, dan netral. Konflik atau ketegangan sosial merembet di ranah politik yang tercermin dalam pemilihan kepala desa dan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD). Kelompok yang bersengketa masing-masing mengajukan jagonya demi memenangkan kasus tukar guling. Kenyataan ini menunjukkan bahwa konflik tanah telah berimbas pada kehidupan sosial-politik masyarakat. Abstract: This paper discusses the conflict of tanah bengkok (communal land managed by the village government) in Telukan village in early 21st century. Villagers are depicted as calm and peaceful communities and lack of critical thinking. However, the hamonious life in Telukan village suddenly became a chaos due to the conflict related to tanah bengkok. The people recognize tanah bengkok as a property of the village that needs to be preserved. This land is usually located close to the village. Agrarian dispute was triggered by the lost of trust toward the village leaders and public figures who were supposed to conduct the ruislag of tanah bengkok. Some villagers felt that they were not involved in taking communal decisions by their leaders. The people’s disappoinment triggering them to established an organisation and several demonstrations. The community was divided into several groups: those who support the ruislag, those who refuse, and status quo. This conflict was spread to the political sphere, showed in the election of Kepala Desa (head of village) and Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (Village’s Representative Board). The disputing groups chose their own representatives in order to win the ruislag case. This signifies the evidences that the agrarian dispute impacted on the people’s socio-political lives.

SENIMAN DAN SENI PERTUNJUKAN DI KAMPUNG KEMLAYAN SURAKARTA 1930-1970 Heri Priyatmoko
Jantra. Vol 14 No 2 (2019): Seni Pertunjukan
Publisher : Balai Pelestarian Nilai budaya Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

This research departs from the assumption that generally the public only comprehend artists only when they appear on stage, They do not realize their creative activities while they are staying at home. The focus of this research is the community of gamelan musicians and dancers who settled in kampong Kemlayan, Surakarta from 1930-1970. The method used in this study is the historical method including heuristics, source verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the research showed that the palace artists in Kasunanan Surakarta considered that the kampong where they live was not only a place to live but also a place where they can practice and rehearse before they performed in the palace in front of their King or in other public spaces. It is in their small kampong that they cultivate creativity without strict rules like in the palace. New gendhings (gamelan songs) and choreographies were born in this kampong. This had strengthened the kampong’s identity as the “breeder” of productive artists. For decades, lots of karawitan and dance activities in Kemlayan had changed its face. It was like a “stage” that invited the people’s and local children’s attention. The plenty activities had attracted and encouraged the local children to join the activities. In this way, regeneration process was taking place.

A RAINBOW ON THE TABLE: Historical Study Of Culinary Diversity In Solo Heri Priyatmoko
Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif Vol 14, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/jsr.v14i2.1825

This research attempts to understand the history of culinary diversity in Solo as a symbol of cultural harmony, as well as a regional economic power. The purpose of this research is motivated by the fact that Solo is known as a “radical city” and a city of conflict at national level. This study is expected to give a more comprehensive understanding of portrait of ethnic harmony which is reflected in the culinary cultures in order to lessenthe negative image of Solo. The method used is historical method, including heuristics (gathering of sources), source criticism, analysis/interpretation and writing. The researcher dedicated most time and energy to do library and document research and conduct some interview with the culinary businessmen. The researcher applies the acculturation theory in order to understand the process of culinary diversity occurrence. The result shows that the diversity of culinary of Solo is created as a result of intensive inter-cultural association and is supported by the creativity of local communities in addressing a challenge that led to the creation of new types of food. The existence of Javanese, European, Chinese, and Arabic communities in the past is accounted for the diversity of food on the table, which becomes a symbol of social harmony. From tourism perspective, the character of the people who have hobby of eating out and the availability of various types of culinary strengthen the image of Solo City as “keplek ilat” (mouthwatering) city. This fact in turn becomes the economic power of Solo City.

GAMELAN DI KEMLAYAN: STUDI SEJARAH KAMPUNG ABDI DALEM NIYAGA DI SURAKARTA Priyatmoko, Heri
Patra Widya: Seri Penerbitan Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya. Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X

Tulisan ini membahas sejarah lahirnya kampung Kemlayan yang menjadi tempat tinggal komunitas abdi dalem seniman di Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta dalam rentang waktu abad XVIII-XX. Pengambilan topik tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh dua hal pokok, yaitu langkanya studi ilmiah mengenai sejarah kampung di Jawa yang bergerak di bidang kultural pada periode kerajaan sampai republik, dan keberadaan kampung tersebut tidak tertulis dalam panggung sejarah dinasti Mataram Islam. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam tulisan ini, yaitu lahirnya Kemlayan yang mayoritas dihuni oleh kelompok abdi dalem seniman karawitan, posisi Kemlayan dalam lingkaran kekuasaan istana, serta pandangan masyarakat Surakarta terhadap kampung seniman-priayi tersebut. Guna memperoleh jawaban atas permasalahan utama tersebut dipakai metode sejarah kritis serta penggunaan sumber primer maupun sekunder. Kemlayan muncul pada masa Paku Buwana IV (1788-1821). Faktor penentu terciptanya kampung tersebut adalah raja memiliki ketertarikan pada karawitan, dan kesenian menjadi alat legitimasi politis kerajaan sehingga wajar kelompok seniman karawitan yang setia mengabdi kepada istana diberi keistimewaan berupa daerah untuk ditinggali. Kemlayan merupakan satu-satunya kampung seniman dalam dinasti Mataram Islam. Kemlayan lahir dan tumbuh bukan dilandasi semangat etnisitas, nafas keagamaan maupun orientasi bisnis, melainkan bergerak di bidang kesenian karawitan tradisional Jawa. Aktivitas kebudayaan dilakukan oleh penghuninya secara konsisten membentuk karakteristik ruang yang ditinggalinya. Di lingkungan sosial, Kemlayan dikenal juga sebagai kampungnya priayi. Dengan keahlian menabuh gamelan, seniman-priayi Kemlayan sering tampil dalam acara bergengsi. Dampak positifnya ialah Kemlayan selalu diperhitungkan dalam jagad kesenian tradisional Jawa selama seabad lebih.____________________________________________________________This paper discusses the establishment of a kampong named Kemlayan which becomes the home of Abdi Dalem artists community of Surakarta palace during XVIII-XX century. The discussion is triggered by two major reasons. First, only few academic discourses present topics on the history of cultural village in Java since dynasties period to the establishment of Republic of Indonesia. Second, the existence of the kampong has not been written in the discussion of Islamic Mataram history. This paper discusses three problems, i.e. the establishment of kampong Kemlayan in which most of the residents are Abdi Dalem karawitan artists, the kampong’s position in the power relation with the palace, and the society’s attitude towards the kampong. In discussing those problems, this paper employs critical history method involving both primary and secondary sources. Kemlayan was established during the reign of Paku Buwana IV (1788-1821). The main motives of the establishment are the king’s interests in karawitan and arts, and it became the political excuse to provide loyal groups of karawitan artists some territories to live in. Kemalyan was the only kampong whose residents were artists in Islamic Mataram era. It was not established and developed based on ethnicity, religion, or economic ambitions. It was based on Javanese tradition of karawitan. Further, the constant and consistent cultural activities by the residents of kampong Kemlayan chracterize their living spaces. In social contexts, Kemlayan is well known as the kampong of priyayi. Having the skills of playing gamelan instruments, priyayi artists often performed in prominent events. Positively, this brings a consequence that Kemlayan has been always acknowledged in Javanese traditional arts for more than a century.

“Esuk Lara, Sore Mati”: Sejarah Pagebluk dan Penanggulangannya di Jawa Awal Abad XX Adji, Fransisca Tjandrasih; Priyatmoko, Heri
Patra Widya: Seri Penerbitan Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya. Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021): April
Publisher : Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52829/pw.297

Seabad lebih sebelum Covid-19 memporakporandakan sendi kehidupan, Yogyakarta dan Surakarta sebagai kota kerajaan telah menghadapi bencana pageblug yang menyebabkan banyak kematian. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkajifenomena pageblug di perkotaan Jawa periode kolonial dengan menggunakan perspektif sejarah lokal. Data berupa naskah, arsip, dan media massa dikumpulkan dari perpustakaan. Dengan metode sejarah, diketahui bahwa sebaran penyakit influenza dan pes mengakibatkan pemerintah kolonial bersama pembesar kerajaan kelabakan. Perayaan budaya seperti Garebeg Sekaten juga ditiadakan lantaran berpotensi memicu penularan penyakit. Serangan wabahyang menggila ini diatasi dengan mendatangkan dokter, menyuntikkan vaksin, dan menyediakan tempat karantina bagi warga yang terkena wabah. Temuan menarik lainnya adalah masyarakat Jawa memiliki cara alternatif mencegah penyakit menular dengan memanfaatkan pengetahuan warisan leluhur, seperti jamu atau pengobatan tradisional. Sebagai contoh, sistem pengobatan tradisional Jawa yang tersurat dalam Serat Primbon Reracikan Jampi Jawi 1-3 koleksi Perpustakaan Sasana Pustaka, Kasunanan Surakarta memamerkan betapa tingginya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap aspek kesehatan. Kenyataan ini didukung pula dengan kesadaran hidup bersih. Persoalan kesehatan tidak sekadar urusan jamu dan obat tradisional, namun kebiasaan hidup bersih juga menjadi kunci dalam menjaga kesehatan. Itulah local knowledge yang tidak ternilai. Pada masa pandemik Covid-19, pemanfaatan jamu dan pembiasaan hidup bersih kembali digencarkan. Realitas ini membuktikan bahwa pengalaman nenek moyang di masa lalu masih relevan bagi kehidupan kontemporer. Oleh sebab itu, masyarakat modern perlu menengok, mempelajari, dan mendayagunakan peninggalan kakek moyang. Terkait aspek jamu, perlu adanya saintifikasi jamu, pengedukasian masyarakat tentang jamu, serta pembudidayaan bahan jamu.

Gugon Tuhon dalam Pageblug di Perkotaan Jawa Periode Kolonial Adji, Fransisca Tjandrasih; Priyatmoko, Heri; Rooyackers, Max
Patra Widya: Seri Penerbitan Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya. Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52829/pw.449

Long before Covid-19, in the 19th to early 20th century, pageblug (epidemic) hit the residents of the Vorstenlanden and claimed many lives. This article aims to review the pageblug phenomenon in urban Java during the colonial period using a local history approach. Based on manuscript, archive and mass media data, it is known that Javanese society responded with irrational actions and belief in gugon tuhon (local beliefs) because of the pageblug. In the Western perspective, which prioritized logical thinking, this was seen as unreasonable and even to be considered occult. The results show that there was a relationship between pageblug, jampi (mantra), and gugon tuhon. There had been various efforts to overcome disease or illness using medical and non-medical methods. The method of medical treatment with jampi is recorded in Serat Primbon Mixture of Jampi Jawi and Serat Gugon Tuhon. Because there were rational and irrational thoughts about pageblug, the way jampi was used was also rational and irrational in the view of today’s society. The irrational side was supported by the gugon tuhon which was believed in by the local community.

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