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All Journal Marine Fisheries: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Perikanan Laut Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Agrifor : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian dan Kehutanan Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Makara Journal of Science Digital Bisnis: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen Dan E-commerce Gunung Djati Conference Series Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Mohammad Khotib
Department Of Chemistry, Faculty Of Mathematic And Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Fapet Building W2 Lt 4-5, Agatis Street, Bogor 16680; Integrated Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University, Baranangsiang Campus, Paja
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Effect of Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Composites on the Breakdown Voltage and Physicochemical Properties of Palm-Based Transformer Oil Athala Kevin B. G. Maturbongs; Zainal Alim Mas'ud; Mohammad Khotib; Roza Indra Laksmana
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 9 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 9 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.9.471-480

Abstract

Mineral oil is a type of transformer oil commonly used as a coolant and electrical insulator, playing a vital role in transformer performance. However, its low biodegradability and environmental toxicity have prompted research into alternative materials. Palm oil has emerged as a promising substitute due to its biodegradability, favorable electrical properties, and abundance. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Al₂O₃–SiO₂ particles on the breakdown voltage (BDV) of palm oil as transformer oil. The particles were synthesized using the sol-gel method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, PSA, and SEM. They were then dispersed into palm oil at a concentration of 0.5 g/L. The BDV performance of Al₂O₃–SiO₂ was compared with that of single-component particles (Al₂O₃ and SiO₂) to assess their differences. In addition to BDV, other parameters—including color scale, total acid number, density, kinematic viscosity, and functional groups—were analyzed and compared to the quality standards specified in ASTM D6871-17 and IEC 62270:2018. The results showed that Al₂O₃–SiO₂ particles yielded higher BDV, moisture content, density, and viscosity, but a lower acid number in palm oil compared to single-component particles. Overall, palm oil with dispersed particles met the required quality standards for use as transformer oil.
Synthesis and Characterization of HDTMA-Br Modified TiO₂/ZnO/CuO Photocatalyst Composite for Photodegradation of Textile Dye (Methyl Orange) Siti Fatika; Komar Sutriah; Mohammad Khotib
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 8 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 8 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.8.436-441

Abstract

Methyl orange exhibits low biodegradability and is difficult to remove from aqueous solutions. Photodegradation using photocatalysts offers an efficient and practical alternative for treating methyl orange dye waste. Among various semiconductor materials, TiO₂ and ZnO have attracted considerable attention due to their strong photocatalytic activity. However, excessive use of TiO₂ can lead to turbidity in the solution, reducing light penetration and consequently diminishing the efficiency of the photoreduction and photooxidation processes. Numerous studies have been conducted to control the structure, morphology, and porosity of TiO₂ to enhance its photocatalytic performance. One effective approach involves the incorporation of surfactants into composites, which can modify the optical properties, structure, and morphology of the material, thereby improving its ability to degrade methyl orange. In this study, the composite was synthesized using the precipitation method. The highest degradation efficiency of 44% was achieved at 50 minutes for a methyl orange concentration of 30 mg/L, with a composite ratio of 1:1:0.3 and an HDTMA-Br concentration of 2 CMC. The addition of HDTMA-Br enhanced the photocatalytic performance by reducing electron–hole recombination, resulting in a band gap energy of 2.87 eV within the visible light range (1.77–3.1 eV).
Impact of Modifying Filler into Porous on Hydrophobicity Behaviour of The Silica-HDPE Composite Muhammad Defrizal; Tetty Kemala; Mohammad Khotib
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 4 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 4 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.4.168-175

Abstract

Even though the approach is relatively simple and does not require additional treatment, the porous filler method has not been widely utilized to boost the composite’s hydrophobicity. Therefore, this study wants to show that silica’s porosity as a filler material affects the surface roughness and hydrophobicity of its composite (in this case, silica-HDPE). Pore formation in silica uses the soft-template method with Tween-80 as the mould. The amount of surfactant was varied by 0, 5, and 10 g. The particles are then physically composited into the HDPE matrix. Surface characterization of silica particles analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) shows enhancement in particle porosity as the amount of surfactant added is increased. When it is inserted into HDPE, the silica particles with the highest porosity have the greatest surface roughness. It is confirmed by the wavy surface texture of this composite when it is characterized using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). These results are accompanied by a significant enhancement in the contact angle value at each concentration. From the contact angle and AFM data, porous silica has the role of surface texture provider in raising its roughness. It affects the improvement of the hydrophobicity according to the Cassie-Baxter equation, which states that the more air fraction formed on a surface, the higher the contact angle obtained.
TiO2/ZnO/CuO/HDTMA-Br Composite for Photodegradation of Oxidative Compounds of Used Cooking Oil (UCO): Photodegradation of Free Fatty Acids and Peroxides Adinda Pitaloka; Komar Sutriah; Sri Mulijani; Mohammad Khotib
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20554

Abstract

Used cooking oil (UCO) contains peroxide and FFA, which can impede UCO processing and lower the quality of downstream products. The majority of pretreatment techniques currently in use have drawbacks, such as excessive chemical use. An alternative that is more successful and efficient is photocatalysis. No research has been conducted on the photodegradation of UCO using TiO2/ZnO/CuO/HDTMA-Br composites. Precipitation was used to create the composite. The TiO2/ZnO/CuO composite has a high crystallinity, specifically 74.54% in the 1 CMC-modified catalyst, according to the characterization results. The spectrum of the synthesized TiO2/ZnO/CuO composite showed the presence of H2O and CO2 groups in addition to the primary groups of TiO2, ZnO, and CuO. Additionally, the 1 CMC modification increased pore volume and surface area. The surfactant-modified composite exhibited a more consistent morphology, as observed by SEM analysis. The best results from photocatalytic testing at different temperatures, times, and surfactant concentrations were obtained at 120 °C for an hour with a surfactant concentration of 1 CMC. These results show that degradation using TiO2/ZnO/CuO photocatalysts can lower the FFA and peroxide contents of UCO by 65% and 59%, respectively, under ideal conditions. This study focuses on FFA and peroxide value parameters as a preliminary investigation into alternative UCO pretreatment solutions. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Co-Authors Adinda Pitaloka Alan Frendy Koropitan Ali, Mohamad Makrus Annisa Zahra Ramadhan Anwar Nur Arya Avif Alviansyah Asnil Asnil Athala Kevin B. G. Maturbongs Bambang Soegijono Chamariyah Chamariyah Daniel P.O Laia Daniel P.O Laia Deden Saprudin Dedri Syafei Denar Zuliandanu Domu Simbolon Eriza, Nurul EVIE LESTARIANA Fadli Fakhrullah Fahrizal Hazra Gina Libria Nadjamoeddin Gustan Pari Gustan Pari Heru Supriyatno Ibnu Hibban Tasman Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Kevin Setiawan Komar Sutriah Kusumaningsih, Alvianita Mas'ud, Zainal Alim Mas’ud, Zainal Alim Mochamad Tri Hartanto Muhammad Defrizal Mustaruddin Nasrudin, M Fikry Nisrina Azhaar Athaya Noviyan Darmawan Nurmutia Sari Purwantiningsih Sugita Putri Permatasari Putri Permatasari, Putri Roza Indra Laksmana Samsul Bahri Santiyo Wibowo Santiyo Wibowo Shinya Takahashi Silvi Permata Defisna Siti Fatika Sri Mulijani Subastiar, Ian Subijanto Subijanto Suci Nuraiza Sugesti, Rahmawita Takeno Akiyoshi Tetty Kemala Tri Prartono Tun Tedja Irawadi Zainal Alim Mas'ud Zainal Alim Mas'ud Zainal Alim Mas’ud Zainal Alim Mas’ud Zainal Alim Mas’ud