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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis JOURNAL OF WETLANDS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Gustan Pari
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS DISTINGUISHER FOR AGARWOOD QUALITIES Pasaribu, Gunawan; Waluyo, Totok K.Waluyo K.; Pari, Gustan
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

Gaharu (Agarwood) described as a fragrant-smelling wood that is usually derived from the trunk of the genus Aquilaria and Gyrinops (both of the family Thymelaeaceae), which have been infected by a particular disease.  Based on Indonesian National Standard, agarwood can be classified into various grades, i.e. gubal gaharu, kemedangan and serbuk gaharu.  The grading system is based on the color, weight, and odor.  It seems that such a grading is too subjective for agarwood classification.  Therefore, to minimize the subjectivity, more objective agarwood grading is required, which incorporates its chemical composition and resin content.  This research was conducted focusing on the analysis of the particular grade of agarwood originating from West Sumatra.  The different types of agarwood qualities are: kemedangan C, teri C, kacangan C and super AB.  Initially, the obtained agarwood samples were grounded to powder, extracted on a Soxhlet extractor using various organic solvents (i.e. n-hexane, acetone, and methanol).  The agarwood-acetone extracts were analyzed using GC-MS to determine its chemical composition.  The results showed a positive, linier relationship in which the resin yield increased with the increase in agarwood quality grades. GC-MS analysis revealed that several sesquiterpene groups can be found in kemedangan C, teri C, kacangan C and super AB qualities. It is interesting that aromadendrene could be identified or found in all agarwood quality grades.  Therefore, it is presumed that the aromadendrene compounds can act as an effective chemical distinguisher for agarwood, whereby the greater the aromadendrene content, the better is the agarwood grade.
Candlenut shell as a lignocelullose raw material is a potential by-product for produce activated charcoal. It’s quality are affected by raw material and activated process i.e. temperature, activation time and activating agent.  This paper intends to study the properties of activated charcoal made from candlenut shell. Candlenut shell was carbonization at 500 °Cfor 5 hour. Then activated using phosphoric acid in three different temperatures: 600 °C, 700 °C and 800 °C, in the duration time of 90, Saptadi DARMAWAN; Gustan PARI; Kurnia SOFYAN
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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Abstract

Candlenut shell as a lignocelullose raw material is a potential by-product for produce activated charcoal. It’s quality are affected by raw material and activated process i.e. temperature, activation time and activating agent.  This paper intends to study the properties of activated charcoal made from candlenut shell. Candlenut shell was carbonization at 500 °Cfor 5 hour. Then activated using phosphoric acid in three different temperatures: 600 °C, 700 °C and 800 °C, in the duration time of 90, 120 and 150 minutes.  The result shows that candlenut shell activated charcoal more influence of temperature than activation time. Overall, the activated charcoal met the Indonesian Standard requirement for commercialised activated charcoal with optimation activation at 800 °C  for 120 minute.   Keywords :    Candlenut shell, activated charcoal, optimation, activation, phosphoric acid
The purpose of this research is to study the effect of  pyrolysis temperature to the wood vinegar chemical composition by be produced wood vinegar, charcoal, biofuel  etc. The variation of pyrolysis  temperatures were 110, 200, 300, 400 and 500 °C at 5 hours. That pine wood vinegar yield obtained were 13.80%, 16.12%, 11.99%, 15.51% and 0.90 %.  Analysis  DTA (Diferential Thermal Analysis)  showed thermal decompotition occurs at  227, 320.2 and 349.7 °C.  Identification of GC-MS of pine sawdust c Mohammad WIJAYA; Erliza NOOR; Tun Tedja IRAWADI; Gustan PARI
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 1 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to study the effect of  pyrolysis temperature to the wood vinegar chemical composition by be produced wood vinegar, charcoal, biofuel  etc. The variation of pyrolysis  temperatures were 110, 200, 300, 400 and 500 °C at 5 hours. That pine wood vinegar yield obtained were 13.80%, 16.12%, 11.99%, 15.51% and 0.90 %.  Analysis  DTA (Diferential Thermal Analysis)  showed thermal decompotition occurs at  227, 320.2 and 349.7 °C.  Identification of GC-MS of pine sawdust could provide compounds that mostly derived from acid group and was dominated by acetic acid produced was 31.65%. At distillate of teak smokes was obtained three yield of liquid smokes resulted from conversion of pine wood  wastes can be utilized to preserve fishes.   Keywords :  Pine sawdust,  pyrolysis, wood vinegar, and preserve  fishes
EFFECT OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADDITION ON FORMALDEHYDE EMISSION OF MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD Saptadi Darmawan; Kurnia Sofyan; Gustan Pari; Krisdianto Sugiyanto
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 7, No 2 (2010): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Agency for Standardization of Environment and Forestry Instruments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2010.7.2.100-111

Abstract

The manufacturing of medium density fiberboard (MDF) using dry forming process for interior purpose requires extensive amount of thermo-setting urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive. Unfortunately, this adhesive brings about formaldehyde emission from the resulting MDF, which was potentially harmful to human beings. The use of activated charcoal can be effective to reduce such emission. As the relevance, this research aimed to investigate the effect of activated charcoal addition to the MDF pulp on formaldehyde emission from the MDF. The fibers for the MDF-mat forming were the pulp procured from the MDF factory, resulting from the thermo-mechanical pulping (TMP) conducted on the mixed mangium wood (Acacia mangium) and rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) in 3:1 (w/w) proportion, respectively.  Such mixed TMP pulping was also done in the factor y.  The bonding between TMP pulp fiber during mat forming was assisted by the use of UF adhesive.  Prior to the MDF mat forming , was added to the resulting TMP pulp-fibers activated charcoal in  various amount, 2%, 4% and 6% based on fiber mass as well as based on UF adhesive mass. The activated charcoal was prepared by carbonizing candle nut shell into charcoal followed by activation process using phosphate solution.  Meanwhile the forming of MDF mat employed air-dr y process. As the control, MDF forming with UF adhesive was performed without addition of activated charcoal. It turned out that the activated charcoal-added MDF exhibited effective reduction in formaldehyde emission and significant improvement in physical and mechanical properties, i.e. lower thickness swelling , and greater MOR , MOE and internal bond, compared to the control MDF. The use of activated charcoal at 4% based on the adhesive mass seemed to be the optimum amount.  Physical and mechanical properties of the activated charcoal added MDF could mostly meet the JIS specification.
Wood Quality of Clones Teak with Different Planting Distance Andi D Yunianti; Imam Wahyudi; Iskandar Z Siregar; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 9, No 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (302.562 KB) | DOI: 10.51850/jitkt.v9i1.150

Abstract

Many researchs have been done focusing on the wood quality of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) especially at the various age level and different locations. This research analyzed different planting distance : (3 x 3) m2 and (2 x 6) m2 from 2 clones; Cepu and Madiun cloned. Oven-dried density, fiber dimension, microfibril angle and modulus of elasticity were determined to asses the wood quality. The results showed that the wood quality of teak from spacing (3 x 3) m2 were better than (2 x 6) m2, although diameter and growth rate were higher in spacing (2 x 6) m2. However, there were not diffrences of wood quality for both clones.Key words : Cepu clone, Madiun clone, planting distance, Tectona grandis, wood quality.
Pengaruh Durasi Steam terhadap Kualitas Arang Aktif Limbah Sagu (The Effect of Steam Duration on Quality and Characteristics of Activated Charcoal of Sago Waste) Herman Siruru; Wasrin Syafii; Nyoman J Wistara; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3037.633 KB) | DOI: 10.51850/jitkt.v16i2.447

Abstract

Sago waste is a potential biomass that can be used as active charcoal raw material. The objectives of this research were to know the effect of steam duration on quality and characteristics of activated charcoal of sago waste. Carbonization process was carried out at 400 ⁰C for four hours, then activation was carried out at 100 ml bar steam pressure, at a temperature of 800 ⁰C with variations of steam duration 60, 80 and 100 minutes and activation without steam, only heating for 60 minutes. The proximate test used the SNI standard, observed the functional group using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and observed the active charcoal structure using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the yield, moisture content, volatile, ash content, fixed carbon, iodine absorption of activated charcoal of sago bark and sago soft core were, respectively, 39.22–84.10%, 4.63–6.39%, 3.03–5.06%, 7.74–33.43%, 61.54–88.63%, 158.60–972.60 mg g-1. XRD analyzes showed that the degree of crystalline activated charcoal of sago bark waste with the highest steam time of 100 minutes (35.98%) compared with the degree of crystalline other activated charcoal is only about 20.57-7.30%. FTIR spectroscopy results from activated charcoal of sago waste also identified nitrogen compounds such as NO­2 at wave numbers 1370-1390 cm-1; 1530-1560 cm-1; 1620-1660 cm-1 and phosphorus compounds such as P-S at 200-500 cm-1 wave number; P=S at the wave number 500-850 cm-1.
Carbon Structure of Coconut Coir Fibers Ismail Budiman; Akhiruddin Maddu; Gustan Pari; Subyakto Subyakto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 11, No 2 (2013): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (399.383 KB) | DOI: 10.51850/jitkt.v11i2.88

Abstract

The objectives of the research was to characterize the structure of coconut coir fiber carbon. Carbonization was carried out at two successive phases, carbonization at 400 C for 300 minutes and then proceeded at 700, 800, and 900 C. In every temperature level was conducted for 45, 60, and 90 min. The structure of carbon was measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the sample surface analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the degree of crystallinity of the coconut fibers carbonized at 400 C (36.3%) was higher than uncarbonized fibers (16.36%) but lower compared to the coconut fiber carbonized at 700-900 C (41.5-59.81%). Surface analysis of samples showed that the carbonization led to the establishment and enlargement of pores in the fibers.Key words: carbon, coconut coir fiber, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction
Biochar Technology as a Go Green Movement in Indonesia Gustan Pari
Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management Vol 2, No 1 (2014): January - June
Publisher : Center for Journal Management and Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (353.843 KB) | DOI: 10.20527/jwem.v2i1.35

Abstract

Charcoal has long been known by the community in its use either as energy sources or for agriculture/forestry-related aspects.  Beginning from the discovery of the so-called Terra Preta, the role of charcoal in improving soil fertility and enhancing its productivity at agriculture as well as forestry lands has attracted remarkable attention internationally ever since.  Raw material for charcoal can be wood or other ligno-cellulosic stuffs (e.g. coconut shells, oil-palm shells, rice husks, wood sawdust, nut shells, etc).  Technology in charcoal manufacture commonly employed by the community comprises heaping-kiln, drum kiln, and dome-shaped kiln systems.  Such manufacture technology is simply carbonizing the ligno-cellulosic stuffs inside the kiln into charcoal.  The charcoal yield usually ranges about 20-25% (w/w), implying that as much 75-80% of the stuffs is lost as smoke that further escape to the air.  Environment concerns arise since such escaped smoke can pollute the atmosphere and hence contribute to the global warming.  Measures are urgently needed to reduce the amount of such escapes among others, as developed by the Center for Research and Development on Forestry Engineering and Forest Products Processing (CRDFEFPP, Indonesia) by cooling the smoke, during the carbonization of ligno-cellulosic stuffs, thereby condensing it into liquid smoke (popularly called as wood vinegar). Through intensive and tedious researches, it is found out that the wood vinegar (as charcoal by-product) could effectively function as bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers.  Meanwhile, application of charcoal to the seedlings of forestry plant species reveals positive responses as shown by the increase in biomass weight of those plants on other positive plant-growth aspects (e.g. stem height and diameter).  Likewise, the use of charcoal combined with compost (i.e. organic fertilizer that results from bio-conversion of biomass stuffs) could enhance as much 2-3 times the production of vegetables plants as the control (untreated plants).  This in all strongly indicates the charcoal and wood-vinegar manufacture entirely called as essentially the bio-char technology, can convert biomass stuffs (previously regarded as not or less useful) into value-added or more useful products (charcoal and wood vinegar).
BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF BAMBOO PAPER BY TWO WHITE-ROT FUNGAL SPECIES Novitri Hastuti; Luciasih Agustini; Erlina Nurul Aini; Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Gustan Pari; Heru Satrio Wibisono
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : APTKLHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59465/ijfr.2023.10.2.239-249

Abstract

Non-wood paper production, such as bamboo paper, is an alternative to meet the massive demand for paper consumption in the recent era. Bamboo paper, made from Bambusa vulgaris fibers and manufactured with the addition of activated nano-carbon, shows an improvement in paper quality. However, there is a potential worry with the incorporation of activated carbon since it may hinder the degradation process of paper. Concerning the substance's life cycle, degradation assisted by the fungal decomposer of this new product is crucial. This study investigated the effects of the white-rot fungi, viz. Phlebiopsis sp and Pycnoporus sp., on the degradation of bamboo paper with- or without- activated nano-carbon (BPAC and BPNAC). In vitro experiments that combined two variables (Fungal agents and Paper types) were carried out for 12 weeks. The results revealed that Pycnoporus sp. was more effective in decomposing both BPAC and BPNAC rather than Phlebiopsis sp. After being degraded by Phlebiopsis sp. and Pycnoporus sp. for 12 weeks, the remaining mass of BPAC was 64.14% and 48.96%, respectively, while the BPNAC was 69.89% and 38.25%, respectively. The ability of these fungal agents on composite-paper degradation was compared to other similar studies. Further investigation and possible applications were discussed.
KARAKTERISASI DAN POTENSI KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERSULFONASI LIMBAH KAYU PADA REAKSI HIDROLISIS SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN MICROWAVE Lisna Efiyanti; Sutanto; Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2019.37.2.67-80

Abstract

Lignocellulose biomass is a raw material for developing various promising products, such as wood waste, which can be used as raw material for the production of activated carbon as a catalyst. This research aims to characterize activated carbon for hydrolisis catalyst. In this study, the process of making activated carbon from mixed camphor and meranti wood was made through pyrolysis process at temperature of 500°C, followed by sulfonation using H2SO410N on reflux. The sulfonated activated carbon product (KA-SO3H) was then characterized according to Indonesia National Standard (SNI) including recovery value, moisture content, ash content, fly ash, fixed carbon, iodine absorption, while acidity and functional groups were measured using amonia adsorption and FTIR analysis, respectively. Furthermore, the sulfonated activated carbon was tested for its application in the hydrolysis reaction of rice husks using microwave with vary rice husk weight namely 2, 4 ,6 ,8, and 10 g at 400 and 600 W for 5, 7, and 9 minutes, respectively. The filtrate was then analyzed for its glucose levels using the DNS method (Dinitrosalycilic acid). The optimum condition of the hydrolysis reaction using sulfonated activated carbon catalyst were 400 W power, 1:8 ratio of rice husk and catalyst in 9 minutes duration. The optimum condition produced 330.51 ppm glucose levels with glucose yield percentages was 61.97%, and required energy was 216 kJ.
Co-Authors ADI SANTOSO Agus Malik Ibrahim Akhiruddin Maddu Akhirudin Maddu Andi D Yunianti Ani Suryani Arya Sokanandi Buchari Bunga Ayu Safitri Dadang Setiawan Daniel P.O Laia Dede Hermawan Dede Hermawan1 Deded Sarip Nawawi Dian Anggraini Indrawan Djeni Hendra Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat Efrida Basri Emma Sahara Endang Sri Lestari Erlina Nurul Aini Erliza Hambali Erliza Noor Esti Rini Satiti Gunawan Pasaribu Gunawan Pasaribu Gunawan Santosa Gusmailina Han Roliadi Hardjanto Herman Siruru Heru Satrio Wibisono Heru Wibisono I Nyoman Jaya Wistara I.M. Sulastiningsih Imam Wahyudi Indrawan, Imam Wahyudi Imas Aisyah Irma Herawati Suparto Iskandar Z Siregar Ismail Budiman Jajang Sutiawan Jasni Jessica Hendrik Karnita Yuniarti Krisdianto Krisdianto Sugiyanto Kurnia Sofyan Lisna Efiyanti Luciasih Agustini Mahpudin Mamat Rachmat Mody Lempang Mohamad Iqbal Mohammad Khotib Mohammad WIJAYA Muhammad Sadir Muji Harsini Novitri Hastuti Novitri Hastuti Novitri Hastuti, Lisna Efiyanti Nur Adi Sapura Nur Adi Saputra Nuryati Juli R. Esa Pangersa Gusti Rina Novia Yanti Rossi Margareth Tampubolon Saepulloh Saepuloh Santiyo Wibowo Saptadi Darmawan Saptadi Darmawan Sri Komarayati SUBYAKTO SUBYAKTO Suci Aprianty Wati Sukadaryati Sutanto T.A. Prayitno Teddi Her anto Teddi Heriyanto Teddi Heryanto Tetty Kemala Titi Kalima Totok K. Waluyo Totok K.Waluyo Totok K.Waluyo K. Waluyo Tun Tedja Irawadi Wasrin Syafii Yusuf Sudo Hadi