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AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF DROUGHT-TOLERANT SOYBEANS AT THE REPRODUCTIVE STAGE Adie, M. Muchlish; Krisnawati, Ayda
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 18, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v18i3.3365

In Indonesia, soybeans are typically cultivated during the dry season, thus making it prone to drought stress in the reproductive stage. The objective of the research was to characterize the agronomic characters of several soybean genotypes which were tolerant to drought at the reproductive stage. A total of 19 soybean genotypes were evaluated for its agronomic characters and tolerance to drought stress in Probolinggo (East Java, Indonesia) during the dry season (June ? September). The research was arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates. Soybean cultivars were sown at two separate experiments, normal/optimal (plants were irrigated during the growth period) and stress (plants were irrigated up to 40 days after planting) conditions. Drought stress during the reproductive stage did not affect the characters of plant height, the number of branches per plant, the number of nodes per plant, and the number of pods per plant. Meanwhile, the number of empty pod, seed weight per plant, and seed yield were significantly affected. There were two genotypes which were identified as the tolerant genotypes to drought stress at the reproductive stage, i.e. MDT15-6-11 and MDT15-W-3034. The agronomic characters of MDT15-6-11 were showed as having a low percentage of yield reduction, hence it was able to mantain its high yield. The MDT15-W-3034 was identified as drought-tolerant due to the slow wilting, high plant character, a slow vegetative phase, and high yields. The genotypes obtained from this study could be recommended to be released as new soybean drought-tolerant varieties due to its high yield and tolerant to drought stress. Those genotypes could also be used as gene donors for soybean improvement to drought stress at the reproductive stage.

INTERAKSI GALUR Ã— LINGKUNGAN, POTENSI HASIL DAN STABILITAS HASIL GALUR HARAPAN KEDELAI {GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.} HITAM Adie, M Muchlish; Krisnawati, Ayda; Susanto, GWA
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v12i1.520

Recent demand of black soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merr.} seed has been rising for industrial raw material. A total of five promising lines of black soybean (9837/K-D-8-185, 9837/K-D-3-185-195, W/9837-D-6-220, 9837/K-D-3-185-82 and 9837/W-D-5-211) were evaluated for the potential yield at 18 soybean production centrals in West Java, East Java, Bali and West Nusa Tenggara, from 2004 until 2006..Variety of Cikuray (black soybean), Wilis (famous variety with high yield) and Burangrang (large seed size and short maturation day) were used as check varieties.The field experimental design for each location was completely randomized design with four replicates.The treatment consist of eight lines/variety with 2,4 m × 4,5 m plot size, 40 cm × 15 cm plant distance, two plants/hill.Fertilizer of 50 kg Urea, 100 kg SP36 and 75 kg KCl per ha were applied before sowing time. Weed, insect and disease were controlled intensively.Stability analysis was according to Eberhart and Russell (1966), and adaptability was by Finlay dan Wilkinson (1963). Location, genotype and interaction between 2genotype x environment (G × L) were significant for seed yield. Estimate of environment variance component (d L = 0.0604) was the 2 2 biggest one, and followed by error variance value (d E = 0.0470), genotype variance (d G = 0.0258) and the smallest was estimate of 2 interaction variance G × L (d GL = 0.0225).Significant interaction of G × L showed that each promising lines have specific reaction to certain location quality. Five promising lines were able to produce 2.44 until 2.51 t/ha, or 17% higher than black soybean variety of Cikuray (2.03 t/ha); or 10% higher than Burangrang and 3% more higher than Wilis. Genotype of 9837/K-D-3-185-195, W/9837-D-6-220, 9837/K-D-3-185-82 and 9837/W-D-5-211 were indentified stable. Genotype of 9837/K-D-3-185-195, W/9837-D-6-220, 9837/K-D-3-185-82 and 9837/W-D-5-211 were promising to be high yielded and adaptable across location; on the contrary, genotype of 9837/K-D-8-185 was more adaptable in optimal location.

EVALUASI KETAHANAN GALUR HARAPAN KEDELAI TERHADAP PECAH POLONG DAN KERAGAAN KARAKTER AGRONOMI YANG SESUAI UNTUK IKLIM TROPIS Krisnawati, Ayda; Adie, M. Muchlish
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 15, No 1 (2019): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v15i1.3769

ABSTRACT Pod shattering is one of major constraints in soybean cultivation at tropical environment. The objective of the study was to evaluate resistance to pod shattering and agronomic performance of several adapted to tropical environment. A total of 14 promising lines and two check cultivars (Anjasmoro and Dega 1) were evaluated in two locations (Mojokerto and Jembrana) on Februari to May 2018. The experiment design was a randomized block in each location, with 16 treatments and four replications. At R8 stage, 30 pods were randomly detached from five sample plants of each line to be used for evaluation of pod shattering resistance using oven dry method. Five promising lines from Mojokerto showed resistant to pod shattering, meanwhile three very resistant and two resistant lines were obtained from Jembrana. Those all resistant promising lines were the progenies of shatter-resistant parent (Anjasmoro). The pod shattering resistance was determined by the pod length, the longer the pods will increase sensitivity to shattering. However, the sensitivity of long pods can be minimized when width of the pod is narrow. The promising lines with shorter pod and the width of the pod is narrow, then this line has the chance to be resistant to pod shattering. The agronomic characters of soybean are suitable to be developed in tropical regions such as Indonesia are: maturity under 85 days, seed weight more than 14 g/100 seeds, medium plant height, and produce high number of pods. Based on the results of the study obtained one promising line which resistance to pod shattering, produce high productivity and have good agronomic characters. The lines is G511H/Anj//Anj///Anj////Anj-4 with production yield 3.43 t/ha and also adaptable to the tropics. Keywords: pod shattering, agronomic character, tropical soybean, path analysis

PENGARUH POSISI BIJI PADA POLONG TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH BEBERAPA VARIETAS LOKAL BENGKUANG (PACHYRIZUS EROSUS L.) Krisnawati, Ayda; Adie, M. Muchlish
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 2 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v14i2.3736

ABSTRACTThe yam bean seeds are formed in relatively long pods containing between 6-12 seeds/pod. A total of six local yam bean accessions from Indonesia was studied for its seed position in pod related to seed viability and vigor. Field research was carried out in Malang (Indonesia) from May - October 2016. Twenty five matured pods were detached from each accession. Each pod was divided into three parts, i.e. base, middle, and tip part. The seeds of each part are mixed and taken as many as 20 seeds for germinating. The design was a completely randomized design with two factors and repeated three times. The first factor was three seed positions (base, middle, and tip) and the second factor was six accessions of Indonesian local yam bean. The analysis of variance showed that seed position had significant effect on individual seed weight, leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, seedling dry weight, and root dry weight. Seeds derived from the midde of the pods produce the highest leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, seedling dry weight, and root dry weight. The parameters of seed viability and vigor were not affected by the seed position in the pods. Therefore, the seed viability and vigor of yam bean plant in the field can be produced from the seeds derived from the tip, middle and base of the pod. Keywords: seed position, viability, vigor, yam bean

EVALUASI KETAHANAN GALUR HARAPAN KEDELAI TERHADAP PECAH POLONG DAN KERAGAAN KARAKTER AGRONOMI YANG SESUAI UNTUK IKLIM TROPIS Krisnawati, Ayda; Adie, M. Muchlish
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 15, No 1 (2019): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v15i1.3769

ABSTRACT Pod shattering is one of major constraints in soybean cultivation at tropical environment. The objective of the study was to evaluate resistance to pod shattering and agronomic performance of several adapted to tropical environment. A total of 14 promising lines and two check cultivars (Anjasmoro and Dega 1) were evaluated in two locations (Mojokerto and Jembrana) on Februari to May 2018. The experiment design was a randomized block in each location, with 16 treatments and four replications. At R8 stage, 30 pods were randomly detached from five sample plants of each line to be used for evaluation of pod shattering resistance using oven dry method. Five promising lines from Mojokerto showed resistant to pod shattering, meanwhile three very resistant and two resistant lines were obtained from Jembrana. Those all resistant promising lines were the progenies of shatter-resistant parent (Anjasmoro). The pod shattering resistance was determined by the pod length, the longer the pods will increase sensitivity to shattering. However, the sensitivity of long pods can be minimized when width of the pod is narrow. The promising lines with shorter pod and the width of the pod is narrow, then this line has the chance to be resistant to pod shattering. The agronomic characters of soybean are suitable to be developed in tropical regions such as Indonesia are: maturity under 85 days, seed weight more than 14 g/100 seeds, medium plant height, and produce high number of pods. Based on the results of the study obtained one promising line which resistance to pod shattering, produce high productivity and have good agronomic characters. The lines is G511H/Anj//Anj///Anj////Anj-4 with production yield 3.43 t/ha and also adaptable to the tropics. Keywords: pod shattering, agronomic character, tropical soybean, path analysis

RESPON GENOTIPE KEDELAI BIJI BESAR DAN UMUR GENJAH TERHADAP KOMPLEKS HAMA PENGISAP POLONG Bayu, Marida Santi Yudha Ika; Krisnawati, Ayda; Adie, M. Muchlish
JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Vol 17, No 2 (2017): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Response of large seed size and early maturing soybean genotypes against pod sucking bugs complex. Pod sucking bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is the most detrimental pest on soybean in Indonesia. These pest attacks caused the decreasing of quality and quantity of yield as well as decreased seed germination. The use of resistant varieties is an alternative control which is environmentally friendly. The objective of this study was to determine the response of various soybean genotypes against pod sucking complex in the field. The experiment was conducted on June to September 2015 in Pasuruan, East Java. The treatment was arranged in randomized block design, 16 treatments with three replicates. The treatment consists of 14 soybean promising lines (G 511 H/Anj//Anj///Anj-11-2, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-6, G 511 H/Anj//Anj///Anj-7-1, G 511 H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-5-1, G 511 H/Argom//Argom-2-1, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-4, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-2, G 511 H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8, G 511 H/Arg//Arg///Arg///Arg-12-15, G 511 H/Anj// Anj///Anj-6-3, G 511 H/Arg//Arg///Arg///Arg-19-7, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-7, G 511 H/Anj//Anj///Anj////Anjs-6-7, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-4-2), and two varieties (Anjasmoro and Grobogan). The results showed that the differences in soybean genotypes significantly influence the intensity of damaged pod and seed caused by pod sucking bugs. The intensity of damaged pod was 29.8?64.0% per plant. The intensity of damaged seed was 13.2-63.9% per plant. The number of puncture was 1.2-1.6 punctures per pod and 0.6-2.7 punctures per seed. Based on the intensity of damaged pod and seed, genotipe G 511 H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-2, and G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-6 were indicated consistently as moderately resistance against pod sucking complex. Those three genotypes could be use as a source of genes to improve the resistance of soybean against pod sucking bug.

Agronomic Performance of Soybean Genotypes in Lowland Paddy Fields under Zero-tillage Condition Adie, Mochammad Muchlish; Krisnawati, Ayda; Iswanto, Rudi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23263

In Indonesia, soybean is mostly cultivated in lowland following the yearly planting pattern of paddy â€“ paddy â€“ soybean under zero-tillage condition. The research aim was to evaluate the agronomic performance of several soybean genotypes in lowland paddy fields under zero-tillage condition. A total of 12 soybean genotypes, including the check varieties of Wilis and Anjasmoro, were evaluated in lowland after rice planting in three locations (Klaten, Pasuruan, and Tabanan). A randomized block design with four replications was used in each location. The soybean yield is a complex character which determined by interrelated agronomic characters. The averages seed yield in Klaten, Pasuruan, and Tabanan were 2.97 t/ha, 3.02 t/ha, and 2.68 t/ha, respectively. Two genotypes produced equal yield with Anjasmoro, i.e. AT12-1062 (3.01 t/ha) and AT12-1037 (3.0 t/ha). Anjasmoro variety had the highest 100 seed weight (15.40 g), and only AT12-1035 showed the equal seed weight. The average days to maturity of 12 genotypes was 83 days. In addition to Anjasmoro variety, soybean genotypes AT12-1062 and AT12-1037 (medium maturity and medium seed size) as the new findings form this study were potential to be developed at lowland paddy fields under zero-tillage condition. The availability of the soybean genotypes adaptive to lowland paddy field under zero tillage condition is important to optimize the soybean productivity as well as the income of farmers in Indonesia.

Soybean Opportunity as Source of New Energy in Indonesia Muchlish Adie, M.; Krisnawati, Ayda
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 3, No 1 (2014): February 2014
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.3.1.37-43

These last few years, the name of soybeans soared as a source of biodiesel. Soy biodiesel is an alternative fuel produced from soybean oil. Soybean potential as an alternative renewable energy source because it is expected to have the highest energy content compared to other alternative fuels. Opportunities to develop biodiesel using soybean oil in Indonesia is quite large, considering the soybean is a commodity that is already known and widely cultivated almost in all over Indonesia. In addition, the use of soybean for biofuel feedstock is expected to motivate farmers to cultivate soybeans, so their use is not limited to non-energy raw materials. Soybean varieties that have a high oil content as well as high yield is a source of major biodiesel feedstock. From 73 soybean varieties that have been released in Indonesia, has an average oil content of 18%. Varieties with high oil content can be used as raw material for biodiesel. Research on the use of soy as an ingredient of energy crops (biodiesel) have been carried out. In fact, soybean oil is the vegetable oil feedstock for most of the biodiesel being produced in the United States today. With the potential for soybean crops in Indonesia, both in terms of availability of land and varieties, the use of soybean oil for biofuel development in Indonesia is the flagship prospective materials for bio fuel substitute than other plants in the future.

The Resistance of Soybean Genotypes to The Pod Feeding Insects Krisnawati, Ayda; Adie, Mochammad Muchlish
PLANTA TROPIKA: Jurnal Agrosains (Journal of Agro Science) Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/pt.2019.093.48-57

One of the constraints impeding soybean production in the tropics is yield losses due to the damage by pod feeding insects. The research objective was to identify the resistance of soybean genotypes to the pod feeders. The existence of the pod feeding insects was evaluated on 24 soybean genotypes planted in Ngawi (Indonesia) in 2016. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with two environmental conditions. The first environmental condition was plants controlled by insecticide during plant growth, and the second condition was plants controlled by insecticide only up to 45 days after planting (dap). The pod feeding insects included pod sucking bug (Riptortus linearis), pod borer (Etiella zinckenella), and podworm (Helicoverpa sp.). The damage intensity of pod sucking bug at 45 dap of controlled environment reached 60.24%, meanwhile the damage intensity of pod borer and podworm were 46.08% and 3.85%, respectively. This indicates that the natural population of pod sucking bug is relatively high and dominant. Of 24 soybean genotypes tested, NSP-16-2-8 was consistently resistant on environments with and without insecticide application, whereas NSP-16-1-4 was consistently resistant to the pod borer attack. Those genotypes were potential to be used as source of genes for pod feeding insectsâ€™ resistance in the breeding program.

Assessment of Soybean Resistance to Leaf-feeding Insect, Spodoptera litura Krisnawati, Ayda; Nuryati, Nuryati; Adie, Mochammad Muchlish
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 13, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i1.24794

One of soybean problem in Indonesia is leaf damage caused by the Spodoptera litura. The aim of the study was to identify the resistance of soybean genotypes againts army worm based on the preference index and morphophysiological characters. 150 soybean genotypes were grown under field condition from February to May 2018 in Malang (East Java, Indonesia). The preference test was conducted in the laboratory using G100H as resistant reference plant to armyworm. The result showed that the preference index was ranged from 0.09-1.82. A total of 105 genotypes showed a low preference index (resistant), 39 genotypes showed a high preference index (susceptible), and a genotype has similar preference index with the reference plant (has equal resistance with G100H). Based on the preference index and morphophysiological characters, 150 soybean genotypes can be grouped into eight clusters. A genotype from cluster VIII (Anjasmoro/Rajabasa-41) has characteristics of low leaf water content, dense leaf trichomes, and the preference index of 0.14. Those characteristics could be the attributes of the soybean genotypes that is resistant to S. litura. The Anjasmoro/Rajabasa-41 was recommended to be cultivated in Indonesian, or may be used as a gene source in the breeding program for S. litura resistance

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