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Greenhouse gas emission calculation and energy impact of TPS3R flamboyan using waste reduction model (WARM) V.15: Implications for disaster risk reduction Maulidia, Asrining Ghina; Wikaningrum, Temmy
ASEAN Natural Disaster Mitigation and Education Journal Vol. 2 No. 2: (January) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/andmej.v2i2.2025.1626

Abstract

Background: Human activities contribute to increased greenhouse gas concentrations, such as CO₂ and CH₄, which intensify the greenhouse effect and elevate Earth's temperature. TPS3R Flamboyan aims to reduce plastic waste through recycling, composting, and landfilling at TPA Cipeucang. While these processes help reduce waste, they can also produce CO₂ emissions. This study evaluates the CO₂ emissions from the baseline waste management scenario and compares it with an alternative scenario using the Waste Reduction Model (WARM) to assess GHG emissions and energy use. Methods: Data was collected in June 2020 from TPS3R Flamboyan and TPA Cipeucang in South Tangerang, analyzing waste types and GHG emissions using the WARM software. The study utilized baseline and alternative waste management scenarios to assess CO2 emissions and energy use, with input data on various waste types such as food waste and plastics. WARM compared the emissions and energy use for each scenario, providing insights on GHG reductions and energy efficiency in waste management practices. Findings: Total GHG emissions from baseline MSW generation and management (MTCO2E) is  -2.23 and total GHG emissions from alternative MSW Generation ad management (MTCO2E) is -4,46. Total Energy use from baseline MSW Generation and Management (million BTU) is -33.98 and total Energy use from alternative MSW generation and Management (million BTU) is -92.22. Conclusion: Both scenarios indicate that the alternative scenario results in a higher reduction of emissions compared to the baseline management. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the alternative waste management practices in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research provides a novel approach by using the Waste Reduction Model (WARM) application, developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to estimate greenhouse gas emissions and energy use in municipal solid waste management scenarios. This application offers high-level estimates for emissions reduction and energy efficiency, providing valuable insights for waste management practices.
Kajian Penggunaan Karbon Aktif Kulit Singkong Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Proses Koagulasi Dan Flokulasi Dalam Pengolahan Air Viena, Winda Carla; Wikaningrum, Temmy
Baselang Vol 4, No 2: OKTOBER 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muara Bungo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36355/bsl.v4i2.208

Abstract

Based on statistical measures of food consumption in 2022, the annual quantity of cassava waste amounts to 578 tons. Beyond its usage as animal feed, cassava skin has further potential as an active carbon source for absorbing heavy metals. This is because cassava skin contains carbon (59.31%), cellulose (13.75%), and lignin (9.14%), which may serve as precursors in the production of activated carbon. The objective of this work is to identify the optimal use of cassava skin waste. This study used a laboratory-based approach, beginning with the production of activated carbon from cassava peel and then applying it to synthetic materials on a laboratory scale. A cassava peel activated carbon produced using an H3PO4 activator has been determined to satisfy the requirements specified in the SNI 06-3730-1995 standard. The activated carbon has a water content of 0.65%, an ash content of 0.85%, a pure carbon content of 98.72%, and an iodine absorption capacity of 809 mg/g. Based on the findings of this experiment, it can be inferred that including a processing unit prior to the aforementioned stage, such as flash mixing and sedimentation, is necessary to optimize the efficiency of activated carbon technology. Based on the test result, 2.5 gr of activated carbon added to 700 ml of sample was continued with the addition of PAC 30 mg/l. Able to reduce turbidity level with a removal efficiency of up to 89.9%, iron of 43%, and ammonia at 17% these results are better than the use of PAC without activated carbon. The adsorption isotherm model represents the adsorption of iron and ammonia is Freundlich while turbidity is Langmuir.
Eco Enzymes Application in Nitrite and pH Reduction Study in The River Water Samples Wikaningrum, Temmy; Laily Thoatil Hanan
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

One of the pollutants that must be controlled in rivers is the level of nitrite. Excessive amounts of nitrite are detrimental because they affect the quality and health of aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of eco enzymes in reducing nitrite levels in polluted river water as an alternative to conventional water treatment technologies. Three types of eco-enzyme made from vegetable, tomato and orange waste were used in this study. The experiment also aimed to evaluate the potential of reducing nitrite levels and its effect on pH performance. The results showed that adding 5% Vegetables Eco Enzyme (VEE), Tomatoes Eco Enzyme (TEE) or Oranges Eco Enzyme (OEE) to river water samples with an initial nitrite level of 4.813 mg/L produced the best results, with VEE showing the greatest effectiveness. This is because the nitrite concentration was reduced by 100% in the 4^(th) hour for VEE, the 6^(th) hour for TEE and the 8^(th) hour for OEE. For the pH parameter, there was a significant decrease, but it remained within the quality standard of pH 6–9. Statistical analysis using t-tests and ANOVA showed significant differences in both nitrite levels and pH results, as well as in the type of treatment.
Potential Study of Hazardous Waste Sludge Recycle for Substituting the Supporting Raw Material in Fertilizer Manufacturing Awidi, Saraswati Sinti; Temmy Wikaningrum
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Waste water treatment facilities (WWTP) are producing a rising amount of sludge, which poses serious disposal and environmental issues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of using WWTP sludge in place of filler materials while making NPK fertilizer. Significant levels of vital elements, including nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K), which are crucial for fertilizer quality, were found in the sludge after a thorough physical and chemical analysis. A comparative assessment was performed between the WWTP sludge and standard clay filler materials to evaluate compliance with Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 2803:2024 for solid NPK fertilizers. Experimental mixing trials identified the optimal sludge-to-clay ratio as 60:40, which produced fertilizer granules with acceptable physical properties, homogeneity, and nutrient content that met the SNI requirements. This study shows that using WWTP sludge as a filler in fertilizer manufacture has major financial advantages in addition to supporting resource recovery and sustainable waste management. The study promotes the use of sewage reuse in fertilizer production as a creative way to solve environmental issues and boost industrial productivity.
THE PROSPECT OF DIGITALLY ENHANCED COLORIMETRY AS AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR WATER QUALITY DETERMINATION Hakiki, Rijal; Wikaningrum, Temmy
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Volume 2, Number 2, April 2019
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v2i2.4362

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to observe the potential implementation of analytical methods based on digital image processing as an alternative method of colorimetric analysis that can be implemented in site. Methodology and Results: Pt-Co standard series solutions at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 concentration units (CU) were measured by spectrophotometric method and digitally enhanced colorimetric (DEC) method to obtain a response in the form of absorbance (Abs) and area under curve (AUC) value. Absorbance measurement was carried out at 317.5 nm (λ max). The AUC value was obtained from the 3-point RGB value measurements, made average so that a color band is produced, then quantified by translating the color band intensity into the response curve in ImageJ software. The Abs and AUC values of artificial samples are processed into CU values with linear equations resulting from linear regression test. The results of the calculation of CU values from the two measurement methods were tested using independent t test method to examine significant differences between the two measurement methods. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Coefficient of determination (R2) plot CU VS AUC = 0.8638, in independent t test was obtained p-value = 0.4246 at the 95% confidence level. Therefore, it can be concluded that digitally enhanced colorimetric could be used to determine water quality, especially color parameter in site measurement.
COMPARISON OF GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL-IMPACT ON THE HANDLING OF THE HAZARDOUS-SLUDGE FROM THE CENTRALIZED INDUSTRIAL-WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT Hakiki, Rijal; Astuti, Maryani Paramita; Wikaningrum, Temmy
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Volume 3, Number 1, October 2019
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5530

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to compare the secured landfill method and thermally sludge treatment through gasification, in order to determine their environmental impacts. Methodology and Results: The gate-to-gate LCA method was the implementation approach used to determine the, limits and assumptions to the actual condition. The experimental, theoretical mass balance calculation and secondary data of previous researches were used to carry out this study, with open-source openLCA software. In addition, the LCA was made up of four phases which include goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and data interpretation. The simulation showed that the implementation of the thermal gasification process reduced the emission released to the atmosphere by lowering the hazardous sludge volume which is directly transported to the secured landfill. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Several assumptions and adjustments were made to the simulation results using the openLCA software, in the determined scope of study. Therefore, in conclusion, the thermal (gasification) treatment of hazardous sludge is further studied in connection with its implementation at the treatment plant. This was indicated by the acquisition of global warming potential impact category of 673 kg CO2 eq for direct disposal to secured landfill, which reduced to 424 kg CO2 eq during the implementation of thermal treatment. Conversely, there is a reduction in magnitude of impact by 37%.
THE ECO ENZYME APPLICATION ON INDUSTRIAL WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE DEGRADATION Wikaningrum, Temmy; Hakiki, Rijal; Astuti, Maryani Paramita; Ismail, Yunita; Sidjabat, Filson Maratur
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 5, NUMBER 2, APRIL 2022
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13535

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to determine whether the application of eco enzyme affects the industrial waste activated sludge degradation and to compare the effects of eco enzyme made from oranges and tomatoes. Methodology and results: The experiments were done on the laboratory scale for 12 days by applying 10% of eco enzyme in the sludge samples. It showed both tomatoes and oranges eco enzymes can decrease the pH from 6.9 to 4.7 compared to control which was stable at 6.9. The reduction of COD, TSS, and VSS by tomato eco enzyme applications were 61%, 39% 41% respectively compared to by orange eco enzyme application that showed a higher reduction of 78%, 45%, 46% respectively. The control samples also show the reduction of COD, TSS, and VSS by 21%, 23%, 30% respectively. The reduction of organic content in the control samples of sludge (8.9%) was higher than the samples with eco enzyme (3.5%). Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The results showed that eco enzyme application significant statistically affected reduction of pH, COD, organic content, but not significant statistically on TSS and VSS reductions. Comparing the application of orange and tomatoes eco enzyme did not show the significant different treatment.
Study of Eco-Enzyme Application in Reducing Nitrite Concentration and Ph Value in Water Sample Wikaningrum, Temmy; Resda, Cicilya Dolfiana
Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol 24, No 2 (2024): Juli
Publisher : Universitas Batanghari Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33087/jiubj.v24i2.5138

Abstract

The number of high fruit loss must be resolved immediately. East Java produces the highest number of banana and orange. To prevent the fruit loss, as mitigation, the fruit loss can be used to make eco-enzymes as biodegradable agents which was made from nature to treat contaminated water from nitrite contamination and high pH value. Contaminations such as nitrite in water pose significant risks, particularly to organisms. Nitrite contamination can adversely affect humans by reacting with hemoglobin, leading to the formation of methemoglobin, which hampers the blood's ability to bind with oxygen and transport it to body tissues. Eco-enzymes serve as biocatalysts to accelerate the nitrification process, converting ammonia into nitrate with nitrite as an intermediate product. This study was conducted on a laboratory scale, using water samples comprised of distilled water and nitrite standard solution. Two types of eco-enzymes, derived from banana and orange waste, were applied at a 5% concentration to reduce nitrite levels and pH values in the water samples. The results indicated that the orange eco-enzyme reduced nitrite concentrations by 73.2% and pH values by 38.42%, while the banana eco-enzyme achieved a reduction of 93.89% in nitrite concentrations and 23.15% in pH values. As an application of this study, the 5% eco-enzyme solution holds promise for use in biological treatment within wastewater treatment plants, particularly in aeration tanks, to enhance the nitrification process, thereby aiding in the reduction of nitrite concentrations and pH values in wastewater.