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Journal : Journal of Agro Complex

Pola segregasi karakter agronomi tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna unguiculate (l.) spp. sesquipedalus) generasi F2 hasil persilangan varietas Super Putih x Fagiola IPB Adinda Rachmawati; Syaiful Anwar; Karno Karno
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 4, No 2 (2020): JOAC Online
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/joac.4.2.79-88

Abstract

  ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to analyze the segregation pattern of agronomic characters in the second generation of long beans produced by crossing Super Putih x Fagiola IPB varieties. The research was using a single plant design by planting 120 F2 generation plants and 10 old plants were plated without repetition. The parameters observed included plant height, leaf number, branch number, flowering age, long young pod, number of old pods, seed number, weight of 100 seeds, pods color, and seeds color. The data were analyzed by distribution suitability test and chi-square test. The result showed that the abnormal distributed characters were plant height and seed number with selection could be done in early generation because its have high inheritance. Plant height segregation patterns was referring to Mendelian ratio 9:7 with the action of two duplicate recessive epistatic genes, seed number patterns was referring to Mendelian ratio 12:3:1 with the action of the dominant epistatic gene, the color of pods and the color of seeds patterns was referring to Mendelian ratio 13:3 with the action of two recessive dominant epistatic genes. Key words: long beans, agronomic characters, segregation patternsABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untukmenganalisis pola segregasi karakter agronomi generasi F2 kacang panjang hasil persilangan varietas Super Putih x Fagiola IPB. Penelitian disusun dengan rancangan single plant dengan menanam sebanyak 120 tanaman generasi F2 dan tetua sebanyak 10 tanaman yang ditanam tanpa ulangan. Parameter yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, umur berbunga, panjang polong muda, jumlah polong tua, jumlah biji per tanaman, bobot 100 biji, warna polong, dan warna biji. Data dianalisis dengan uji kesesuaian distribusi dan uji khi-kuadrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter yang tidak berdistribusi normal adalah tinggi tanaman dan jumlah biji, sehingga seleksi dapat dilakukan pada generasi awal, karena memiliki daya waris yang tinggi. Pola segregasi tinggi tanaman mengikuti nisbah Mendel 9:7 dengan aksi dua gen epistatis resesif duplikat, jumlah biji mengikuti nisbah Mendel 12:3:1 dengan aksi dua gen epistatis dominan, sedangkan warna polong dan biji mengikuti nisbah Mendel 13:3 dengan aksi dua gen epistatis dominan resesif.Kata kunci : kacang panjang, karakter agronomi, pola segregasi 
Karakteristik fotosintesis dan produksi kedelai (Glycine max l. Merrill) akibat salinitas air penyiraman yang berbeda Ria Safitri; Eny Fuskhah; Karno Karno
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 2, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/joac.2.3.244-247

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of water saliny of watering up to 6 mmhos/cm on the characteristic of photosynthesis and soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) production. The experiment was conducted in research field and Ecology and Plant Production Laboratory and Physiology and Breeding Plant Laboratory, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang. The research method was a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were L0 = watering using fresh water (control), L1 = watering water saline with EC 2 mmhos/cm, L2 = watering water saline with EC 3 mmhos/cm, L3 = watering saline water with EC 4 mmhos/cm, L4 = watering saline water with EC 5 mmhos/cm, L5 = watering water saline with EC 6 mmhos/cm. The parameters observed were chlorophyll index, total leaf area, Net Assimilation Rate (LAB), leaf weight, stem weight, leaf and stem ratio, dry matter/100 seed, seed production/plot. The results showed that the watering treatment of up to 6 mmhos/cm had no significant effect on all parameters observed. Keywords: watering, salinity, photosynthesis, production, soybean.
Pengaruh jenis ekstrak kecambah dan pupuk kandang pada komposisi media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan stek murbei (Morus alba) Lukluk Nims Ayu Chiyroh; Karno Karno; Dwi Retno Lukiwati
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 5, No 1 (2021): JOAC Online
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/joac.5.1.32-40

Abstract

ABSTRACT  The purpose of the research was to study the effect of various sprouts extracts and various types of manure on the composition of the growing media on the growth of Mulberry cuttings. The research was carried out at Screen House in Kalisidi Village, West Ungaran, Semarang Regency and Diponegoro University Physiology and Plant Breeding laboratory. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 5x3 factorial pattern and repeated 3 times. The first factor was soaking cuttings on sprout extract, without treatment (K0), giving synthetic growth regulator (K1), soaking soybean sprout extract (K2), soaking peanut sprout extract (K3), soaking mung bean sprout extract (K4). The second factor is the type of manure in the composition of the growing media with 3 types of fertilizers namely cow manure (P1), chicken manure (P2), goat manure (P3). The results showed that the treatment of soaking cuttings with sprout extract had a significant effect on the number of roots, and the treatment of manure types on the composition of the growing media had a significant effect on all parameters of observation.Keywords: sprouts extract, root number, planting media, Mulberry, cutting. ABSTRAK  Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian berbagai ekstrak kecambah dan berbagai jenis pupuk kandang pada komposisi media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif stek murbei. Penelitian ini di Rumah Kassa Desa Kalisidi Kecamatan Ungaran Barat Kabupaten Semarang dan Laboratorium Fisiologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 5x3 dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Faktor pertama adalah perendaman bahan stek pada ekstrak kecambah yaitu tanpa perlakuan perendaman (K0), pemberian ZPT sintetis (K1), perendaman ekstrak kecambah kedelai (K2), perendaman ekstrak kecambah kacang tanah (K3), perendaman ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau (K4). Faktor kedua adalah jenis pupuk kandang pada komposisi media tanam dengan 3 jenis pupuk yaitu pupuk kandang sapi (P1), pupuk kandang ayam (P2), pupuk kandang kambing (P3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada perlakuan perendaman stek dengan ekstrak kecambah berpengaruh nyata pada parameter jumlah akar, dan perlakuan jenis pupuk kandang pada komposisi media tanam memberikan pengaruh nyata pada semua parameter pengamatan. Kata kunci : Ekstrak kecambah, jumlah akar, media tanam, Murbei, stek.
Peran kelompok tani terhadap usahatani padi di Kecamatan Sale Kabupaten Rembang Fitra Margi Nugroho; Sriroso Satmoko; Karno Karno
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (115.419 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/joac.2.2.109-119

Abstract

Farming development through farmer groups is an effort to accelerate the improvement of farmers' welfare. The purpose of this research was to analyze the role of farmer groups as learning class, cooperation vehicle, and production unit in influencing farmer behavior, access of production facilities, application of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) and farming profit. The research population was members of farmer groups in Kecamatan Sale Kabupaten Rembang who have irrigated land with an area of 0.2-0.5 Ha. Determination of sampling was done by using purposive random sampling method with total sample of 276 farmers. Interviews with questionnaires were used as data collection methods. Data were analyzed using path analysis to know the relationships between variables. Results of research indicated that role of farmer group as study class, cooperation vehicle, and production unit had an effect to farmer behavior. The role of farmer groups as a vehicle for cooperation, production unit and farmer behavior had an effect on access production facilities. Behavior of farmers and access to production facilities affected the application of ICM. The application of ICM had an effect on the profit of farming. R/C Ratio of paddy farming in Sale District, Rembang Regency was equal to 1,23. Keywords : farmer group; farmer behavior; application of ICM
Pertumbuhan tanaman bambu hias (Dracaena sanderiana) dengan Intensitas naungan yang berbeda dan berbagai media tanam Ela Safitri; Endang Dwi Purbajanti; Karno Karno
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 4, No 2 (2020): JOAC Online
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/joac.4.2.132-142

Abstract

ABSTRACT  The goal of this research was to study the growth of Dracaena sanderiana plants with different shade intensities and different composition of plant media. The research was carried out in Sukorejo village, Karangrejo sub-district, Tulungagung, East Java and Physiology and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Diponegoro University, from January to April 2018. The basic design used in this research was a split plot design. 3 x 3 with 4 replications. The main plot factor was shade intensity : 0%, 50% and 70%, and the subplot factor was different composition of plant media (soil, husks, chicken manure; soil, husks, cow manure; soil, husks and goat manure). The results showed that the treatment of the difference in the composition of the planting media had a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, while the shade treatment had a significant effect on the chlorophyll parameters b. The best planting media was obtained in the composition with cow manure compared to the composition of chicken manure and goat manure. The highest chlorophyll content was obtained in 50% shade conditions. In the parameters of the number of leaves, leaf length, number of roots, fresh weight and chlorophyll a were not significantly different in all treatments.  ABSTRAK  Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji pertumbuhan tanaman Dracaena sanderiana dengan berbaga intensitas naungan yang berbeda dan komposisi media tanam yang berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan desa Sukorejo, kecamatan karangrejo, Tulungagung, Jawa Timur dan laboratorium Fisiologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang dari bulan Januari sampai April 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terpisah 3x3 dengan dasar Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 ulangan. Petak utama adalah intensitas naungan 0%, 50% dan 70%, dan anak petak adalah perbedaan komposisi media tanam (tanah, sekam, kotoran ayam; tanah, sekam, kotoran sapi; tanah, sekam dan kotoran kambing). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada perlakuan perbedaan komposisi media tanam memberikan pengaruh nyata pada parameter tinggi tanaman, sedangkan pada perlakuan naungan memberikan pengaruh nyata pada parameter khlorofil b. Media tanam terbaik didapatkan pada komposisi dengan kotoran sapi dibandingkan dengan komposisi kotoran ayam dan kotoran kambing. Pada kondisi naungan 50% didapatkan kandungan khlorofil tertinggi dibandingkan kondisi tanpa naungan dan naungan 70%. Pada parameter jumlah daun, panjang daun, jumlah akar, berat basah dan khlorofil a tidak berbeda nyata pada semua perlakuan. Kata kunci : Dracaena sanderiana, khlorofil b, komposisi, naungan
Perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan benih tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) akibat perlakuan berbagai dosis NaOCl dan metode pengeringan Denanda Purba; Endang Dwi Purbajanti; Karno Karno
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (163.879 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/joac.2.1.68-78

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 The purpose of the research was to study the concentration of NaOCl and drying method during the extraction process for germination and growth of tomato seedlings. This study used Completely Randomized Design with two factors with three replicates. The first factor was soaking the seeds with NaOCl concentrations: NaOCl 0% (control), NaOCl 6%, NaOCl 9% and NaOCl 13%. The second factor was the drying methods: without drying (control), natural drying and drying using oven. The parameters observed were germination, seed growth rate, maximum growth potential, leaf size, leaf area, plant height, plant growth rate and relative plant growth rate. The data were analyzed using variance analysis and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) of 5%. The result of variance analysis showed that immersion treatment using NaOCl and drying method had not given interaction during seed germination and seedling growth. Soaking with 9% NaOCl showed the best result of germination process and seedling growth whereas the best drying method was naturally because it did not cause impermeability of seeds. Keyword : Tomato, seed, drying, NaOCl, seed viability
Induksi mutasi kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) dengan sodium azida pada tanah salin Nurul Fajriyah; Karno Karno; Florentina Kusmiyati
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 3, No 1 (2019): Online
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (169.249 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/joac.3.1.1-8

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ABSTRACT  Mutation is one of plant breeding ways to expand genetic diversity. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the effect of sodium azide mutagen on soybean variety Dering 1 at saline and non-saline soil. The research was arranged in Factorial Design based on Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors. The first factor was doses of Sodium Azide consisted of 0 mM, 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM, dan 0.4 mM, 0.8 mM, 1.6 mM, 3.2 mM, 6.4 mM, 12.8 mM, and 25.6 mM. The second factor was salinity levels consisted of 0 dS/m, 2 dS/m and 5 dS/m. Parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, number of pods, weight of pod, number of seeds, and weight of seeds per plant on M1 generation. Result showed that lethal dosage (LD) 50 was obtained at 0,663 mM. Sodium azide mutagent caused diversity of plant height, number of leaves at saline and non-saline soil. There was 10 plants and 3 plants that was classified as tolerant and most tolerant at saline soil (2 dS/m) respectively. Keywords : soybean, sodium azide, saline soil ABSTRAK  Mutasi adalah salah satu cara pemuliaan tanaman untuk memperluas kergaman genetik. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh mutagen sodium azida terhadap kedelai varietas Dering 1 pada tanah salin dan non-salin. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan di greenhouse adalah Percobaan Faktorial dengan dasar Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah dosis mutagen kimia Sodium Azide (SA) yang terdiri dari 11 taraf perlakuan yaitu 0 mM, 0,05 mM, 0,1 mM, 0,2 mM, dan 0,4 mM, 0,8 mM, 1,6 mM, 3,2 mM, 6,4 mM, 12,8 mM, 25,6 mM. Faktor kedua adalah tingkat salinitas yaitu 0 dS/m, 2 dS/m dan 5 dS/m. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah polong, berat polong, jumlah biji, dan berat biji per tanaman pada generasi M1. Hasil penlitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis letal median (LD50) diperoleh pada 0,663 mM. Mutagen sodium azida menyebabkan keragaman tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun pada tanah salin dan non-salin. Terdapat 10 tanaman dan 3 tanaman yang masing-masing tergolong tahan dan sangat tahan pada tanah salin (2 dS/m). Kata kunci : kedelai, sodium azida, tanah salin
Karakteristik morfologi dan sitologi tanaman Sutra Bombay (Portulaca grandiflora Hook) hasil poliploidisasi dengan kolkisin pada berbagai konsentrasi dan frekuensi aplikasi Betty Perdana Sari; Karno Karno; Syaiful Anwar
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2154.457 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/joac.1.2.39-48

Abstract

Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora Hook) is one of the ornamental plants and medicinal plants. The purpose of this research was to evaluate cytological and morphological responses of Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora) with colcichine treatment. Colcichine treatment was done with drop method technique in different concentrations and different frequency of application. This research used Completely Randomized Design in 4x3 factorial arrangement and used descriptive analysis to compare diploid plant and tetraploid plant characters. The first factor was variation of cholcichine concentration which were K0 (0%), K1 (0.1%), K2 (0.3%), and K3 (0.6%). The second factor was variation of application frequency which were A1 (2 drop per day for a day), A2 (2 drop per day for 2 days), and A3 (2 drop per day for 3 days). The observed parameters were shoot response by colcichine treatment, number of chromosomes, length and width of stomata, stomata density, stem diameter, flower diameter, plant high, fresh weight, number of branches, and number of leaves. The result showed that Moss Rose’s shoot was intolerant with colcichine treatment in high concentration and long time application. The tetraploid plants was randomly produced by a number of treatment which were 0.1% colcichine 2 drops for 3 days, 0.3% colcichine 2 drops for 2 days, 0.6% colcichine 2 drops for 2 days, and 0.6% colcichine 2 drops for 3 days. The shoot’s growth was inhibited. The induced of tetraploid plant in Moss Rose was accompanied by double chromosome number as 2n=4x=36, larger stomata (length and width), lower stomata density, and higher morphological characters. Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora Hook) is one of the ornamental plants and medicinal plants. The purpose of this research was to evaluate cytological and morphological responses of Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora) with colcichine treatment. Colcichine treatment was done with drop method technique in different concentrations and different frequency of application. This research used Completely Randomized Design in 4x3 factorial arrangement and used descriptive analysis to compare diploid plant and tetraploid plant characters. The first factor was variation of cholcichine concentration which were K0 (0%), K1 (0.1%), K2 (0.3%), and K3 (0.6%). The second factor was variation of application frequency which were A1 (2 drop per day for a day), A2 (2 drop per day for 2 days), and A3 (2 drop per day for 3 days). The observed parameters were shoot response by colcichine treatment, number of chromosomes, length and width of stomata, stomata density, stem diameter, flower diameter, plant high, fresh weight, number of branches, and number of leaves. The result showed that Moss Rose’s shoot was intolerant with colcichine treatment in high concentration and long time application. The tetraploid plants was randomly produced by a number of treatment which were 0.1% colcichine 2 drops for 3 days, 0.3% colcichine 2 drops for 2 days, 0.6% colcichine 2 drops for 2 days, and 0.6% colcichine 2 drops for 3 days. The shoot’s growth was inhibited. The induced of tetraploid plant in Moss Rose was accompanied by double chromosome number as 2n=4x=36, larger stomata (length and width), lower stomata density, and higher morphological characters. 
Pengaruh konsentrasi IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) dan BAP (Benzil Amino Purin) terhadap pertumbuhan awal sambung samping Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) Var. Kristal Hendra Pratomo; Karno Karno; Budi Adi Kristanto
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (145.388 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/joac.2.1.29-35

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The purpose of this research was to study the influence of various concentrations of IAA and BAP on early growth budding of guava (Psidium guajava L.) Var. Kristal in side grafting propagation method. The experiment used completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was various concentrations of IAA (0, 100, and 200 ppm) and the second factor was various concentrations of BAP (0, 100, and 200 ppm). Each treatment was repeated three times. Parameters observed were the time of bud break, time of shoot emergence, and shoot length. The data were analyzed by variance and continued analyzed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the level of IAA concentration gave effect (P<0,05) to time of shoot emergence and shoot length. Level of BAP concentrations gave significant effect (P<0,05) to the time of bud break, time of shoot emergence, and shoot length. The interaction between the concentration level of IAA and BAP had significant effect (P<0,05) on the time of bud break, time of shoot emergence and shoot length. Keywords : Guava, Psidium guajava, Side Grafting, IAA, BAP.
Efektivitas penambahan hormon auksin (IBA) dan sitokinin (BAP) terhadap sambung pucuk Alpukat (Persea americana mill.) Pramudito Pramudito; Karno Karno; Eny Fuskhah
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 2, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/joac.2.3.248-253

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of hormone Auxin (IBA) and sitokinin (BAP) and the most effective concentration in graftingof avocado variety mentega. The experiment used completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was various concentrations of IBA (0, 100, and 200 ppm) and the second factor was various concentrations of BAP (0, 100, and 200 ppm). Each treatment was repeated five times. Parameters were time of shoots emergence, shoot length, diameter shoot diameter, and the number of leaves. The data were subjected to analysisof variance and continued by DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The result showed that the level of IBA concentration gave significant effect (P<0,05) to time of shoot emergence, shoot length, shoot diameter, and the number of leaves. Level of BAP concentrations gavesignificant effect (P<0,05) to number of leaves. There was no interaction between type of auxin and concentration on grafting of avocado variety mentega. Keywords : Avocado, Persea americana, wedge grafting, IBA, BAP.