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All Journal KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia
Nurhaeni
[Google Scholar ID: iJzA5H4AAAAJ], Chemistry Department, Tadulako University
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Pembuatan Konsentrat Protein Ampas Tahu Menggunakan Garam Ammonium Sulfat: Manufacturing of Tofu Pulp Protein Concentrate Using Ammonium Sulphate Nurhaeni; Frischa Sari Kencana; Andi Tenri Ajeng; Khairuddin; Prismawiryanti; Syamsuddin; Dwi Juli Puspitasari; Indriani; Erwin Abdul Rahim
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): April Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i1.15844

Abstract

Tofu pulp which generally becomes waste can be used as a source of protein concentrate. Protein concentrates from tofu pulp have been obtained at various ratios of tofu pulp: ammonium sulfate and ammonium sulfate salt concentration. The research was conducted to obtain the highest protein yield and content of tofu pulp protein concentrate. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the independent variable being the ratio of tofu pulp filtrate: ammonium sulfate (1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7 (v/v)) and concentrations of ammonium sulfate (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80%), while the dependent variables were the yield of protein concentrate and protein content. Production of protein concentrate used the salting-out method with ammonium sulfate salt. The ratio of tofu pulp: ammonium sulfate 70% obtained the best ratio of 1:5 with a yield of 41.6% and protein content of 84.58%. Tofu pulp as industrial waste can be a potential source of protein concentrate because it has a high protein content.
Characterization and Biodegradation Test of Palm Kernel Meal Galactomanan-Based Bioplastics with Succinic Acid-Polyvinyl Alcohol Cross-Linking Agent Novelista Djaleha; Erwin Abdul Rahim; Nurhaeni; Ruslan; Ni Ketut Sumarni; Prismawiryanti
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): April Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2026.v12.i1.18014

Abstract

Environmental pollution caused by non-biodegradable plastic waste has become a major global concern, prompting the development of eco-friendly alternative materials. Bioplastics derived from natural polymers are considered a promising solution due to their biodegradability and renewability. A study has been conducted on the manufacture of bioplastics from palm kernel meal galactomannan, with the addition of succinic acid and PVA, as an effort to reduce pollution caused by plastic waste. This study aims to determine the characteristics of bioplastics, including tensile strength, elongation, Young's modulus, chemical structure, and biodegradation. Bioplastics were obtained by mixing galactomannan, PVA, and variations of succinic acid (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g). The results showed a tensile strength of 3.61–8.76 MPa, elongation of 260.83–432.92%, and Young's modulus of 1.21–2.49 MPa. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of ester bonds, indicating cross-linking, while the biodegradation test showed that all samples were completely degraded within 1 day. The 0.10 g variation produced the best tensile strength, while the control had the most stable surface. This galactomannan-based bioplastic has the potential to be an alternative to conventional plastic due to its good mechanical properties and very rapid degradation.
Co-Authors Andi Tenri Ajeng Dwi Juli Puspitasari Erwin Abdul Rahim Erwin Abdul Rahim Frischa Sari Kencana Indriani Khairuddin Khairuddin Ni Ketut Sumarni Novelista Djaleha Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti Ruslan Syamsuddin Syamsuddin