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THE PROSPECT OF PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE SEA AREA (PSSA) DESIGNATION IN LOMBOK STRAIT Angela Jessica Desmonda; Idris
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 4, Number 1, January 2020
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v4i1.342

AbstractInternational Law, specifically UNCLOS 1982, MARPOL 73/78, and SOLAS 1974 give mandates to every State to carry out protection and prevention of marine pollution. As one form of protection and prevention pollution is establishing a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA). Since 2016, the Indonesian Government has submitted a proposal to designate the Lombok Strait as one of the PSSA. This study aims to analyze and provide an understanding of the prospects for the establishment of PSSA in the Lombok Strait including the Gili Islands and Nusa Penida Island after the approval of the Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) in 2019 based on International Law.This study uses a juridical-normative approach with descriptive analytical research to describe and analyze the international legal instruments used. The research data were obtained from the results of library research and interviews with related institutions such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia. Data processing conducted by qualitative analysis methods. This study concludes that the specific PSSA arrangements are governed by the IMO Resolution A.982 (24) related to the PSSA Guidelines as PSSA is not explicitly regulated in UNCLOS 1982. The Lombok Strait is highly prospective to be established as a PSSA as the Lombok Strait has fulfilled the criteria of the IMO accompanied by the mandate of protection and prevention of the marine environment from UNCLOS 1982, MARPOL 73/78 and SOLAS 1974.In 2019, the designation of TSS in Lombok Strait was approved so that discussions related to PSSA can continue. However, The PSSA discussed at the IMO session requires the approval of other countries that enjoy the rights of passage through the Lombok Strait. Accordingly, the attribute section of the PSSA determination proposal in the Lombok Strait needs to be improved to convince that the Lombok Strait does have the urgency to be established as a PSSA.Keywords: Particularly Sensitive Sea Area, Lombok Strait, International Maritime Organization AbstrakHukum Internasional, khususnya UNCLOS 1982, MARPOL 73/78, dan SOLAS 1974 memberikan mandate kepada setiap negara untuk melakukan perlindungan dan pencegahan pencemaran di laut. Salah satu perwujudannya yaitu dengan membentuk Kawasan Perairan Sensitif/Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA). Sejak tahun 2016, pemerintah Indonesia telah mengajukan proposal penunjukan Selat Lombok sebagai PSSA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dan memberi pemahaman terkait prospek penetapan Kawasan Perairan Sensitif (PSSA) di Selat Lombok termasuk Pulau Gili dan Pulau Nusa Penida pasca ditetapkannya Skema Pemisah Lalu Lintas (TSS) pada tahun 2019 berdasarkan Hukum Internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif dengan jenis riset deskriptif analitis untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisis instrumen-instrumen hukum internasional yang digunakan. Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil penelitian kepustakaan dan wawancara dengan lembaga terkait seperti Kementerian Luar Negeri dan Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan metode analisis kualitatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengaturan PSSA secara spesifik dimuat di dalam Resolusi IMO A.982 (24) terkait Pedoman Identifikasi dan Penetapan PSSA. Hal ini merupakan aturan lanjutan dikarenakan PSSA tidak diatur secara eksplisit di dalam UNCLOS 1982. Tahun 2019 penetapan Skema Pemisah Lalu Lintas TSS sebagai salah satu syarat pembentukan PSSA di Selat Lombok telah disetujui sehingga pembahasan terkait PSSA dapat terus dilanjutkan. Namun masih diperlukan persetujuan negara-negara lain yang memiliki hak melewati Selat Lombok. Oleh karenanya, perlu penguatan proposal khususnya terkait bagian atribusi untuk lebih meyakinkan urgensi penetapan Selat Lombok sebagai PSSA. Kata Kunci: Kawasan Perairan Sensitif, Selat Lombok, Organisasi Maritim Internasional

Does the International Community Have Efforts to Protect the Marine Environment from Seabed Mining? Idris Idris; Taufik Rachmat Nugraha
Sriwijaya Law Review Volume 5 Issue 2, July 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28946/slrev.Vol5.Iss2.1017.pp273-286

Through the United Nations, the international community is seriously paying attention to the use of seabed areas as regulated by the Law of the Sea Convention 1982, which states that the area and its resources are the common heritage of humankind. The 1994 Agreement has implemented chapter XI. The resources are relating to the state's interests in terms of energy exploration and environmental impact aspects. An increasing need for global electronic products by many countries in which of the components are rare minerals. Various minerals such as manganese, polymetallic nodules, and polymetallic sulphur are lying down in the seabed. However, seabed also had an essential role in keeping the marine ecosystem balanced. On the one hand, the human's need for those minerals also cannot be denied. Draft of regulations by the International Seabed Authority to manage deep-sea mining are still insufficient to prevent irrevocable damage to the marine ecosystem and loss of essentials species for the next. On the other hand, the spirit of Sustainable Development Goals 14 concerns life underwater. This paper examines deep-sea mining science from a legal perspective to protect and preserve seabed for the future generation using normative approach describing norms and principles in the Law of the Sea Convention 1982. As a result, the commercialisation of deep-sea mining violates the principle of the convention. Thus, it needs to encourage ISA to enhance the minimum requirements for all contracting parties in the future.

INDONESIA PASCA RATIFIKASI PERJANJIAN PARIS 2015; ANTARA KOMITMEN DAN REALITAS Mada Apriandi Zuhir; Ida Nurlinda; A. Dajaan Imami; Idris Idris
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol 1, No 2 (2017): BINA HUKUM LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

ABSTRAKSebagai bentuk komitmen terhadap persoalan perubahan iklim, Pemerintah Indonesia telah meratifikasi Perjanjian Paris 2015 melalui UU No. 16 Tahun 2016. Akan tetapi komitmen kontribusi pengurangan emisi GRK tersebut memiliki persoalan dalam pelaksanaannya. Atas dasar itu, artikel ini membahas isi dari Perjanjian Paris 2015 dan implikasinya, komitmen Indonesia serta kendala dalam pencapaian target emisinya. Penekanan utama akan difokuskan pada dua persoalan, yaitu kehutanan dan energi. 2 (dua) persoalan ini merupakan hambatan terbesar dalam memenuhi target komitmen Indonesia. Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis dengan data utama berupa data sekunder (bahan-bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier) yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan diskusi dan pembahasan disimpulkan bahwa peraturan terkait perubahan iklim di Indonesia dinilai belum mampu melakukan transformasi secara substansial upaya pengurangan emisi GRK seperti yang diharapkan. Persoalan efektifitas khususnya penegakan hukum masih menjadi persoalan utama, bahkan beberapa kebijakan pemerintah memuat aturan yang bersifat kontradiktif dengan komitmen yang dicanangkan. Oleh karenanya, disarankan perlunya efektifitas aturan, penegakan hukum serta penyelarasan komitmen dengan kebijakan energi yang dijalankan.Kata kunci: Komitmen, Perubahan Iklim, Perjanjian Paris 2015. ABSTRACTAs a commitment to climate change issues, the Government of Indonesia has ratified the Paris Agreement 2015 through Law No. 16 Year 2016. However, the contribution commitment of GHG emission reduction has problems in the implementation. On that basis, this article discusses the contents of the Paris Agreement 2015 and its implications, Indonesia’s commitment and obstacles in achieving its emission targets. The main emphasis will be focused on two issues, forestry and energy. These issues are Indonesia’s biggest obstacles to pursue its commitment targets. Research specification is analytical descriptive by using primary data consist of secondary data (primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials) which then analyzed qualitatively. Based on the analysis and discussion, it is concluded that the regulation related to climate change in Indonesia is not yet capable of doing substantial transformation of GHG emission reduction efforts as expected. The issue of effectiveness, especially law enforcement, is still a major issue; even some government policies contain contradictory rules with the stated commitments. Therefore, it is suggested the need for effective regulation, law enforcement, and alignment of commitments with energy policies.Keywords: Commitment, Climate Change, Paris Agreement 2015.

IMPLIKASI HUKUM ATAS PUTUSAN PERMANENT COURT OF ARBITRATION TERKAIT SENGKETA LAUT CHINA SELATAN TERHADAP NEGARA DI SEKITAR KAWASAN TERSEBUT Muhammad Rafi Darajati; Huala Adolf; Idris Idris
Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum Volume 2 Nomor 1 September 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

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ABSTRAKSalah satu perkembangan yang menarik mengenai keamanan global saat ini adalah isu sengketa Laut China Selatan antara Filipina dengan Tiongkok. Filipina telah membawa sengketa tersebut ke Permanent Court of Arbitration. Putusan dari Permanent Court of Arbitration mengatakan bahwa klaim Tiongkok mengenai nine dash line terbantahkan dan tidak memiliki dasar hukum. Akan tetapi Tiongkok menolak putusan tersebut dan tetap agresif di Laut China Selatan sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan instabilitas kawasan Laut China Selatan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat implikasi hukum putusan Permanent Court of Arbitration bagi negara pihak yang bersengketa dan negara di sekitar kawasan Laut China Selatan. Artikel ini hasil penelitian dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa negara pihak yang bersengketa harus melaksanakan dan menghormati putusan Permanent Court of Arbitration tersebut karena sudah menjadi sumber hukum internasional. Bagi negara di sekitar kawasan, putusan tersebut juga memiliki implikasi hukum di dalam menghadapi agresivitas Tiongkok dan pengaturan mengenai klaim maritim di kawasan Laut China Selatan bahwa klaim maritim hanya dapat dilakukan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang tercantum di dalam Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982.Kata kunci: arbitrase; hukum laut internasional; permanent court of arbitration; sengketa ABSTRACTOne of an interesting development regarding to the global security now is the issue of territorial disputes in the South China Sea between Philippines and China. Philippines has brought the dispute to the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The ruling from Permanent Court of Arbitration said that China’s claim about a nine-dash line does not have a legal basis. However China rejects the ruling and remain aggressive in the South China Sea which might cause instability in South China Sea region. This research aims to look at the implications of the ruling of the Permanent Court of Arbitration for state parties and states around the South China Sea region. This research use juridical normative research method with literature studies. This research shows that states parties have to implement and respect the ruling because it has already become the source of international law. For the state that located around the region, the ruling also has a legal implication to facing China’s aggressiveness and the regulation of maritime claims in the South China Sea region that maritime claims can only be made in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the SeaKeyword: arbitration; dispute; international law of the sea; permanent court of arbitration. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v2n1.1

PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA TERHADAP DISKRIMINASI KESEMPATAN MENDAPATKAN UPAH BAGI TENAGA KERJA PEREMPUAN DI INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI CEDAW TAHUN 1979, KONVENSI ILO NOMOR 100 TAHUN 1951, DAN KONVENSI ILO NOMOR 111 TAHUN 1958 Ratih Ananda Putri; Idris Idris; Agus Pratiwi
Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum Vol. 3 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum Volume 3 Nomor 2 Maret 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

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ABSTRAKMeratifikasi dan mengimplementasikan Konvensi ILO No. 100, Konvensi ILO No. 111, dan CEDAW dikatakan sebagai salah satu upaya penting untuk mengatasi diskriminasi upah bagi tenaga kerja perempuan. Untuk itu, perlu diketahui implementasi ratifikasi konvensi-konvensi tersebut dalam hukum nasional terkait diskriminasi kesempatan untuk mendapatkan upah terhadap buruh perempuan di Indonesia dan upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperkuat implementasi konvensi-konvensi tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yang menitikberatkan pada literatur dan peraturan. Kesimpulan meskipun telah terdapat pengaturan mengenai anti diskriminasi terhadap perempuan di tempat kerja dari mulai UUD sampai dengan Undang-Undang, namun implementasinya, peraturan-peraturan tersebut belum dilaksanakan dengan benar dikarenakan undang-undang ratifikasi yang ada hanya melakukan pengulangan terhadap norma yang diatur dalam konvensi. Lebih lanjut, terdapat peraturan gubernur yang diskriminatif yang berakibat, masih terdapatnya diskriminasi kesempatan terhadap perempuan di tempat kerja. Disaran agar pemerintah mengimplementasi Konvensi ILO No. 100, Konvensi ILO No. 111, serta CEDAW dengan merevisi peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada khususnya Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan atau dengan membuat peraturan baru agar sanksi dan prosedur terhadap pelanggaran lebih efektif dan tidak merugikan para pekerja perempuan di masa depan. Pemerintah sudah seharusnya mengikuti rekomendasi-rekomendasi Komite CEDAW dan ILO seperti melakukan kerjasama dengan mitra sosial agar Indonesia dapat melakukan kewajiban internasional akibat meratifikasi konvensi tersebut.Kata kunci: diskriminasi; hak asasi; ratifikasi, tenaga kerja perempuan. ABSTRACTRatifying and implementing ILO Convention No. 100, ILO Conventions no. 111, and CEDAW can be regarded as one of the important efforts to overcome wage discrimination for female workers. Therefore, need to know the implementation of ratification of CEDAW, ILO Convention No. 100 and 111 into national law on discrimination of opportunity to earn wages for female workers in Indonesia and how efforts can be made to strengthen the implementation of CEDAW, ILO Convention No. 100 and 111 in Indonesia. The author uses normative juridical research approach focuses to literature and regulation data. Although there have been regulations on anti-discrimination against women in the workplace from the constitution to several acts, however the regulations have not been implemented properly since the existing ratification law only performs repetition of the norms set out in the convention. In addition, in 2017, there is also a discriminatory governor rule. Therefore, discrimination against women in the work place occur. Advises the government to improve the implementation of ILO Convention No. 100, ILO Convention No. 111 and CEDAW by revising the existing laws and regulations of the Employment Act or by issuing new regulations, therefore will be effective sanctions and procedures that would do no harm to the future of women workers. Governments should also follow the recommendations of the CEDAW and ILO Committees such as cooperating with social partners. Thus, Indonesia can perform its international obligations as a result of ratifying the convention.Keywords: discrimination; human rights, ratification, women worker. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v3n2.20

Analisis Hukum Kasus Penyelundupan Emas Yang Dilakukan Pejabat Diplomatik Korea Utara Untuk Bangladesh Ditinjau Dari Vienna Convention On Diplomatic Relations 1961 Kevin Tobing; Idris Idris
DE LEGA LATA: JURNAL ILMU HUKUM Vol 6, No 2 (2021): Juli-Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

It is generally accepted diplomatic envoys have such immunities and privilege that comprise criminal, private and administrative jurisdiction in the interest of continuity of diplomatic mission. Immunities and privilege that diplomats have are given by reciprocity principle. Although in reality, immunities and privilege that diplomats have are usually used for their vested interest. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961 solely rules the sanction to foreign diplomats who have committed violation of national law of the receiving state, but it does not provide settlement of dispute upon those violation. Even though diplomats have such immunities and privilege, but those immunities and privilege are not absolute and the proceeding of those immunities and privilege must be followed base on Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961. International law provides peacefully dispute settlement relating to the intention of diplomatic relations. Through various method provided by international law, the parties could choose any method or process of dispute settlement which agreed by the parties.

INDONESIA PASCA RATIFIKASI PERJANJIAN PARIS 2015; ANTARA KOMITMEN DAN REALITAS Mada Apriandi Zuhir; Ida Nurlinda; A. Dajaan Imami; Idris Idris
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol 1, No 2 (2017): BINA HUKUM LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

ABSTRAKSebagai bentuk komitmen terhadap persoalan perubahan iklim, Pemerintah Indonesia telah meratifikasi Perjanjian Paris 2015 melalui UU No. 16 Tahun 2016. Akan tetapi komitmen kontribusi pengurangan emisi GRK tersebut memiliki persoalan dalam pelaksanaannya. Atas dasar itu, artikel ini membahas isi dari Perjanjian Paris 2015 dan implikasinya, komitmen Indonesia serta kendala dalam pencapaian target emisinya. Penekanan utama akan difokuskan pada dua persoalan, yaitu kehutanan dan energi. 2 (dua) persoalan ini merupakan hambatan terbesar dalam memenuhi target komitmen Indonesia. Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis dengan data utama berupa data sekunder (bahan-bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier) yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan diskusi dan pembahasan disimpulkan bahwa peraturan terkait perubahan iklim di Indonesia dinilai belum mampu melakukan transformasi secara substansial upaya pengurangan emisi GRK seperti yang diharapkan. Persoalan efektifitas khususnya penegakan hukum masih menjadi persoalan utama, bahkan beberapa kebijakan pemerintah memuat aturan yang bersifat kontradiktif dengan komitmen yang dicanangkan. Oleh karenanya, disarankan perlunya efektifitas aturan, penegakan hukum serta penyelarasan komitmen dengan kebijakan energi yang dijalankan.Kata kunci: Komitmen, Perubahan Iklim, Perjanjian Paris 2015. ABSTRACTAs a commitment to climate change issues, the Government of Indonesia has ratified the Paris Agreement 2015 through Law No. 16 Year 2016. However, the contribution commitment of GHG emission reduction has problems in the implementation. On that basis, this article discusses the contents of the Paris Agreement 2015 and its implications, Indonesia’s commitment and obstacles in achieving its emission targets. The main emphasis will be focused on two issues, forestry and energy. These issues are Indonesia’s biggest obstacles to pursue its commitment targets. Research specification is analytical descriptive by using primary data consist of secondary data (primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials) which then analyzed qualitatively. Based on the analysis and discussion, it is concluded that the regulation related to climate change in Indonesia is not yet capable of doing substantial transformation of GHG emission reduction efforts as expected. The issue of effectiveness, especially law enforcement, is still a major issue; even some government policies contain contradictory rules with the stated commitments. Therefore, it is suggested the need for effective regulation, law enforcement, and alignment of commitments with energy policies.Keywords: Commitment, Climate Change, Paris Agreement 2015.

The Need for Involving Third Parties in Dealing with ASEAN’s Marine Debris Problem Idris Idris; Achmad Gusman Catur Siswandi; Arfin Sudirman; Amanda Yola Elvarina Sipahutar; Mursal Maulana
Balobe Law Journal Volume 2 Issue 2, October 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/balobe.v2i2.1002

Introduction: Marine debris has been a major problem towards ASEAN environment for the past decade, with several of its member state becoming the largest sources of marine derbis globally. The article presents three main causes of marine debris and reviewing how and to what extend ASEAN has attempted to stop or prevent the continuation of these causes.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to see whether main causes of ASEAN Marine Debris has already been tackled by ASEAN frameworks and policies, while also taking a third-party recommendation for consideration.Methods of the Research: This research was contucted using a normative juridical approach by examining literature studies or secondary data related to the research objects.Results of the Research: The result of this paper is that there is still a gap between the main causes of marine debris in ASEAN and the solution and steps planned out within ASEAN frameworks, which need to be filled with further research and study, conducted by ASEAN with collaboration from third parties.

Pengaturan Fasilitas Penampungan Limbah Menurut Hukum Internasional Dan Implementasinya Dalam Penanganan Pencemaran Laut Di Indonesia Putri Rebecca Simanjuntak; Idris; Nadia Astriani
Jurnal Pro Hukum : Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Hukum Universitas Gresik Vol 12 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Pro Hukum : Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Hukum Universitas Gresik
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gresik

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To anticipate that oil spills are not intentionally disposed of at sea, it is necessary to provide Reception Facilities at the port. Arrangements regarding the provision of Reception Facilities are expected to create sustainable development. This research is descriptive analytical, namely making systematic, factual and accurate predictions about the facts. Thus, this study will describe legal and factual issues related to the Provision of Reception Facilities in Indonesia, then analyze them in order to obtain a complete and comprehensive picture of the problems studied. With the policy of providing waste storage facilities at each port, it can be an effort to prevent environmental damage or pollution by planning carefully.

Legal Cooperation in the ASEAN Maritime Environment in the Free Trade Era: Its Implication for Indonesia Idris Idris; Arfin Sudirman; Mursal Maulana; Amanda Yola
Hasanuddin Law Review VOLUME 8 ISSUE 3, DECEMBER 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v8i3.3591

For the past 30 years, an estimated 50 percent of the coral reef population has declined as a result of overfishing, pollution, coastal development, and climate change. Such decline risks jeopardizing livelihoods and the capacity for disaster risk reduction, as well as endangering marine biodiversity. With the emergence of free trade and the high mobility of modern ships, trade goods all over the world are increasingly affected by marine pollution. Since 1992, at least 600,000 tons of oil have entered the oceans each year, primarily from normal shipping operations, accidents, and illegal discharges, which contribute to more pollution than does offshore oil and gas exploitation. Recognizing the differentiation of circumstances in each maritime area, current international law, including that in Southeast Asia, regulates the framework of marine environment protection in cooperation with other states and other international organizations. Unfortunately, because the Association of Southeast Asian Nations framework does wield binding power, its declarations have yet to create significant improvements to the region’s marine environment. This paper discusses the urgency to create a new binding regulation within Association of Southeast Asian Nations that would obligate its Member States to actively protect the region’s marine environment.

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