Mursal Maulana
Departemen Hukum Bisnis Transnasional, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Legal Cooperation in the ASEAN Maritime Environment in the Free Trade Era: Its Implication for Indonesia Idris Idris; Arfin Sudirman; Mursal Maulana; Amanda Yola
Hasanuddin Law Review VOLUME 8 ISSUE 3, DECEMBER 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v8i3.3591

Abstract

For the past 30 years, an estimated 50 percent of the coral reef population has declined as a result of overfishing, pollution, coastal development, and climate change. Such decline risks jeopardizing livelihoods and the capacity for disaster risk reduction, as well as endangering marine biodiversity. With the emergence of free trade and the high mobility of modern ships, trade goods all over the world are increasingly affected by marine pollution. Since 1992, at least 600,000 tons of oil have entered the oceans each year, primarily from normal shipping operations, accidents, and illegal discharges, which contribute to more pollution than does offshore oil and gas exploitation. Recognizing the differentiation of circumstances in each maritime area, current international law, including that in Southeast Asia, regulates the framework of marine environment protection in cooperation with other states and other international organizations. Unfortunately, because the Association of Southeast Asian Nations framework does wield binding power, its declarations have yet to create significant improvements to the region’s marine environment. This paper discusses the urgency to create a new binding regulation within Association of Southeast Asian Nations that would obligate its Member States to actively protect the region’s marine environment.
The Need for ASEAN Environmental Maritime Security Cooperations Arfin Sudirman; Idris; Yasmin Prisella Rabbani; Mursal Maulana; Yusa Djuyandi
PERSPEKTIF Vol. 12 No. 3 (2023): PERSPEKTIF, July
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/perspektif.v12i3.9226

Abstract

Environmental problems are increasingly worrying in the South East Asia region. These environmental problems are found in the mainland and the marine environment, from climate change, oil spills to debris and marine pollution. ASEAN has a significant role in facilitating collaborations and dialogues between member countries to protect the marine environment. This article examines ASEAN's effort as a regional organization to protect the marine environment from environmental security's perspective in the maritime sector. This article analyzes with C. Lamont’s qualitative method along with in-depth interview with source from CSIS, ASEAN Environmental Division, and researcher. This article argues that ASEAN acknowledges the nature of ecological security poses and, therefore, intra- and inter-regional cooperation is essential.  However, ASEAN has not implemented practical cooperation because the ASEAN chairmanship system still focuses on traditional issues such as politics, security, and economy rather than the marine environment. Furthermore, due to the non-intervention principle, ASEAN has not provided binding legal instruments for ASEAN member countries since no particular body can apply legal force to all ASEAN member countries.
IMPLEMENTASI KETENTUAN COUNTER-OFFER BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES ON INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS (2016) DAN BUKU III KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PERDATA Syifa Adila; Laina Rafianti; Mursal Maulana
Hakim Vol 1 No 3 (2023): Agustus : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/hakim.v1i3.1236

Abstract

Sebagai negara anggota UNIDROIT, Indonesia diharapkan untuk dapat membuat kontrak internasional sesuai standar internasional. Mengadopsi standar internasional akan memberikan kemudahan bagi para pihak berkontrak terutama antara pihak Indonesia dengan pihak asing. Seperti yang telah dikodifikasi dalam Unidroit Principles on Internantional Commercial Contracts (2016) (“UPICC”), terdapat tahapan Counter Offer atau Penawaran Balik yang memperbolehkan para pihak untuk membalas Tawaran dengan modifikasi secara materil. Penawaran Balik jelas diatur dalam Pasal 2.1.11 UPICC dan umum dipraktikkan di negara-negara anggota UNIDROIT baik dalam membuat kontrak nasional ataupun kontrak internasional. Sebagai negara anggota UNIDROIT, Indonesia tidak mengatur mengenai prosedur Penawaran Balik. Kekosongan hukum pengaturan Penawaran Balik ini telah menimbulkan miskomunikasi dan kekeliruan dengan pihak asing terkait mekanisme perubahan materil yang benar. Tentunya bagi para pihak asing, kekeliruan yang timbul karena ketidakpahaman Penawaran Balik oleh pihak Indonesia dapat dimanfaatkan secara sepihak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, yaitu mengkaji dan meneliti data primer yang terdiri atas KUHPerdata dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, dan data sekunder yang terdiri atas kasus hukum dan literatur yang memuat teori-teori hukum dan praktik pelaksanaan hukum positif mengenai pokok permasalahan di atas. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian yang ingin dicapai dalam tulisan ini, adalah adanya implementasi serta pemahaman komprehensif terkait ketentuan Counter Offer terutama dalam membentuk kontrak dengan pihak asing. Peneliti menyarankan agar kontrak yang dibuat dengan pihak asing tidak hanya disesuaikan dengan ketentuan Counter Offer dalam UPICC, tetapi juga disesuaikan dengan aturan Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata.