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Yagi-Uda Antennas for Private LTE Band 3 FDD: Simulation, Fabrication, and Measurement Muhammad Rizko Justiano; Aryanti Aryanti; Mohammad Fadhli
Aviation Electronics, Information Technology, Telecommunications, Electricals, and Controls (AVITEC) Vol 8, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Dirgantara Adisutjipto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28989/avitec.v8i2.4168

Abstract

Private LTE Band 3 Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems require dedicated uplink and downlink antennas to improve channel isolation and communication reliability. However, experimentally validated split-frequency Yagi-Uda antennas for Software Defined Radio (SDR)-based base stations remain limited. This study presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and experimental validation of two four-element Yagi-Uda antennas operating at 1.840 GHz for downlink (DL) and 1.750 GHz for uplink (UL). Each antenna consists of one reflector, one driven element, and two directors fabricated from 6 mm diameter aluminum rods. The antenna dimensions were optimized using the Trust Region Framework in CST Studio Suite 2024 to achieve optimal impedance matching. Simulation results produced S11 values of −35.33 dB (DL) and −30.76 dB (UL), VSWR values of 1.035 and 1.059, and forward gains of 9.10 dBi and 8.38 dBi, respectively. Measurements using a NanoVNA over the 1.4–2.1 GHz frequency range yielded S11 values of −18.98 dB (DL) and −26.92 dB (UL), with corresponding VSWR values of 1.253 and 1.094. The measured resonant frequencies closely agreed with the simulation results, with a maximum deviation of only 1 MHz. The novelty of this work lies in the experimental validation of a low-cost, split-frequency, four-element aluminum-rod Yagi-Uda antenna pair that operates without an external impedance-matching network. These results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed antennas for SDR-based Private LTE Band 3 base station applications.
AVX2 SIMD Optimization for DSP Load and QoS in a srsRAN-Based Private LTE Network Muhammad Arcy Alfaathir; Sopian Soim; Mohammad Fadhli; Achmad Aflah Jamazy
Aviation Electronics, Information Technology, Telecommunications, Electricals, and Controls (AVITEC) Vol 8, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Dirgantara Adisutjipto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28989/avitec.v8i2.4147

Abstract

Private 4G LTE networks built on open-source platforms provide cost-effective localized connectivity. However, executing baseband Digital Signal Processing (DSP) imposes a massive computational burden on general-purpose CPUs. This study evaluates the correlation between DSP load and end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) in a USRP B210-based Private 4G LTE prototype using srsRAN and Open5GS. To prevent CPU saturation, Advanced Vector Extensions 2 (AVX2) SIMD instructions and CPU core affinity were applied. The experimental design evaluated the system using two concurrent User Equipment (UEs) under Line-of-Sight (LOS) outdoor conditions. Compared to a non-optimized baseline, the AVX2 optimization successfully stabilized the host processor at a 60.8% peak load and achieved a downlink throughput of 35.3 Mbps without radio underflows. However, multiplexing complex baseband signals under heavy concurrent traffic severely congested the OS-level queues. This caused severe bufferbloat, escalating the average end-to-end latency to 2021 ms compared to its idle state. These findings demonstrate that while AVX2 optimization resolves the CPU bottleneck, software-induced bufferbloat remains the primary limitation in SDR deployments.