Ristiyanto Ristiyanto
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LEPTOSPIROSIS CASE FINDING FOR DEVELOPMENT OF LEPTOSPIROSIS SURVEILLANCE IN SEMARANG CITY, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA Ristiyanto Ristiyanto; Farida Dwi Handayani; Arief Mulyono; Arum Sih Joharina; Tri Wibawa; Setyawan Budiharta; Supargiono Supargiono
Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit Vol 10 No 2 (2018): Vektora : Jurnal vektor dan reservoir penyakit
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP) Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (453.719 KB) | DOI: 10.22435/vk.v10i2.284

Abstract

Leptospirosis is primarily a disease of wild and domestic animals, and may be transmitted to humans through direct or indirect contact with infected animal urine. Leptospirosis is endemic in part of Indonesia territory. This work aimed to find the leptospirosis cases in Semarang city, one of the endemic leptospirosis in Indonesia by active and passive case finding. The leptospirosis were screened in the community base active case finding and passive case finding in primary health care center and hospitals, by using modified WHO-SEARO criteria and laboratory confirmation test. There were 191 cases detected with modified WHO-SEARO criteria, and among those cases only 31 cases confirmed by laboratory test, either by using Rapid Detection Test (RDT), Microscopic Agglutinations Test (MAT) or Polymerase chained reaction (PCR). It was found that leptospirosis was not correlated with rainfall season. Fever, headache and myalgia were the most common symptoms experienced by >90% patients. Active case finding add no more than 7% probable leptospirosis and 14% confirmed cases to the traditional passive case finding. It was conclude that leptospirosis case finding is still challenging in the endemic area, such as Semarang city. The application of modified WHO-SEARO criteria as diagnostic tool may be needed to be further evaluated. Keywords: Leptospirosis, Surveillance, Case finding, Endemic, Detection
CATATAN BARU KELELAWAR PEMAKAN NEKTAR (Macroglossus sobrinus) SEBAGAI RESERVOIR LEPTOSPIROSIS DARI INDONESIA Arief Mulyono; Ristiyanto Ristiyanto; Aryani Pujiyanti; Arum Sih Joharina; Dimas Bagus W.P
Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit Vol 10 No 2 (2018): Vektora : Jurnal vektor dan reservoir penyakit
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP) Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1366.033 KB) | DOI: 10.22435/vk.v10i2.581

Abstract

Epidemiologically bats are important sources of leptospirosis transmission because of their size, abundance, distribution, and their connectivity with domestic animals. The research objective was to detect and identify pathogenic Leptospira species from bats in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java and in Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted from February to March 2017. Detection of Leptospira in bats by PCR technique using specific primers for the 16S rRNA gene. Identification of Leptospira species by comparing the sequence of research results with sequences from GenBank using the BLAST program. Results showed 68 caught bats consisting of 7 genera and 11 species. Bats that detected positive Leptospira were 8 bats consisting from 3 species (Macroglossus sobrinus, Cynopterus brachyotis and Eonycteris spelaela). Detection of pathogenic Leptospira in M. sobrinus is a new record in the world esspecially in Indonesia . Identification of Leptospira sequences from bats showed that one sequence had 98% homology with L. borgpetersenii and another sequence had 97% homology with L.kircheneri.
EVALUASI APLIKASI ELECTRONIC LEPTOSPIROSIS SURVEILLANCE (E-SULE) UNTUK SURVEILANS LEPTOSPIROSIS DI PUSKESMAS KEBUPATEN DEMAK DAN BANYUMAS, JAWA TENGAH, INDONESIA Ristiyanto Ristiyanto; Joko Waluyo; Ika Martiningsih; Jerry Cahyandaru; Mujiyanto Mujiyanto; Farida Dwi Handayani; Arief Mulyono; Arum Sih Joharina
Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit Vol 12 No 1 (2020): Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP) Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/vk.v12i1.2616

Abstract

Leptospirosis often causes outbreaks and death in several regions of Central Java. An electronic service study for leptospirosis surveillance has been conducted. The aim of the study was to design and implement an electronic service for leptospirosis surveillance (e-SULE). Furthermore, the use of e-SULE was evaluated by the surveillance staff and laboratory analysts at the primary health care center in the study sites. The research was conducted in January-December 2018. This research was a quasi-experimental time-series design. The subjects of the study were all surveillance officers and laboratory analysts at the primary health care in Demak (71 people) and Banyumas (104 people) District. The officers were trained and evaluated, using pre-test and post-test. The measured variable is the knowledge of the e-SULE application of surveillance personnel. The results of the e-SULE application in the field were also evaluated. The observed variables were the ownership of an Android cellphone, a number of e-SULE completed the download, coordinates, and a photo of the house environment of the suspect's leptospirosis case. Data were analyzed using paired t-test. The results showed that the knowledge of the use of e-SULE of surveillance officers and laboratory analysts there were significant differences before and after training (p <0.05). The officers were less than 40 years old and highly educated so it was easy for them to use e-SULE, especially in primary health care where many suspected leptospirosis cases are found. The e-SULE data can be sent to the program manager (authorized) within 17.98 seconds (3 G) and 9.37 seconds (4 G) and the feedback data was 11.41 seconds. e-SULE can be used by officers to report the results of surveillance of leptospirosis quickly, and accurately to the supervisor. The e-SULE application needs to be introduced in health services in endemic leptospirosis areas. The software is a tool for rapid reporting to the early warning systems, and to prevent severe cases and outbreaks. Abstrak Leptospirosis sering menimbulkan wabah, dan menyebabkan kematian di beberapa daerah Jawa Tengah. Penelitian layanan elektronik untuk surveilans leptospirosis telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah membuat rancangan layanan elektronik untuk surveilans leptospirosis (e-SULE), menerapkan, dan mengevaluasi penggunaannya oleh petugas surveilans, dan analis laboratorium puskesmas. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari - Desember 2018. Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental semu times series design. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh petugas surveilans, dan analis laboratorium puskesmas di Kabupaten Demak (71 orang), dan Banyumas (104 orang). Petugas tersebut dilatih, dan dievaluasi, menggunakan pre-test, dan post-test. Variabel yang diukur adalah pengetahuan aplikasi e-SULE tenaga surveilans. Hasil aplikasi e-SULE di lapangan dievalusi. Variabel yang diamati adalah kepemilikan telepon seluler Android, unduhan e-SULE, titik koordinat, dan foto lingkungan rumah milik tersangka kasus leptospirosis. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan pair t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan penggunaan e-SULE para petugas surveilans, dan analis laboratorium terdapat perbedaaan yang bermakna sebelum, dan sesudah pelatihan (p<0,05). Para petugas tersebut berusia kurang dari 40 tahun, dan berpendidikan tinggi, sehingga mudah menggunakan e-SULE, terutama di puskesmas yang banyak kasus tersangka leptospirosis ditemukan. Data e-SULE dapat terkirim pada pengelola program (berwenang) dalam waktu 17,98 detik (3 G), dan 9,37 detik (4 G), dan feedback data 11,41 detik. e-SULE dapat digunakan oleh petugas untuk melaporkan hasil surveilans leptospirosis dengan cepat, tepat, dan akurat kepada pimpinan insatansi. Aplikasi e-SULE perlu diperkenalkan di pelayanan kesehatan di daerah endemis leptospirosis. Perangkat lunak tersebut sebagai alat bantu pelaporan cepat untuk alat sistem kewaspadaan dini, mencegah terjadinya kasus leptospirosis berat, dan kejadian luar biasa leptospirosis.
INFEKSI HANTAVIRUS PADA TIKUS DOMESTIK, PERIDOMESTIK DAN SILVATIK DI PULAU SULAWESI Arief Mulyono; Ristiyanto Ristiyanto; Aryani Pujiyanti; Bernadus Yuliadi; Aryo Ardanto; Arum Sih Joharina; Lulus Susanti
Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit Vol 12 No 2 (2020): Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP) Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/vk.v12i2.3883

Abstract

Hantavirus infection is one of zoonotic diseases as a major global threat for human health. Anthropologic, biologic, and cultural factors contribute in the transmission of the infection in Sulawesi. In Sulawesi, some communities have a tradition of eating rat meat. A total of 52 endemic rats species is found in the area. The objective of this study were to identify the species of rats acting as hantavirus reservoir and the percentage of hantavirus seropositive in domestic, peridomestic and silvatic rats in the area. The study was conducted in four provinces, namely Central (year of 2015), North and South East (2016) and South Sulawesi (2017). Three districts of each provinces were selected. The rats captured were identified, and blood sample from each was drawn. Hantavirus infection was identified by an Elisa. The data obtained were presented descriptively. A total of 1259 rats were captured, consisted of eight genus and 27 species, ten of which were seropositive, for hantavirus infection. Six out of ten seropositive rats were record as new record of hantavirus reservoir, namely B. coelestis, B. chyssocomus, B. fratotum, B. prolatus, R. nitidus, and R. hoffmanni. The highest percentage of seropositive Hantavirus was found in peridomestic rats (5.06), while in silvic rats 4.60 and domestic rats 3.46. It is necessary to do hygiene and sanitation campaign and socialization of risks for hantavirus transmission. Abstrak Infeksi hantavirus adalah zoonosis yang telah menjadi ancaman kesehatan global dengan tikus sebagai reservoir utama zoonosis ini. Secara biologi dan antropologi penularan hantavirus rentan terjadi di Pulau Sulawesi karena di pulau ini mempunyai 52 spesies tikus endemik dan sebagian kecil masyarakat di Sulawesi mempunyai kebiasaan mengonsumsi daging tikus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies-spesies tikus yang berperan sebagai reservoir hantavirus dan menghitung persentase seropositif hantavirus pada tikus domestik, peridomestik dan silvatik di Pulau Sulawesi. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2015 di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, tahun 2016 di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan Sulawesi Tenggara, serta tahun 2017 di Sulawesi Selatan. Penangkapan tikus dilakukan di tiga kabupaten pada setiap provinsi. Tikus tertangkap diidentifikasi dan diambil spesimen darahnya. Pemeriksaan serologi dengan menggunakan teknik Elisa. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tikus tertangkap sebanyak 1.259 ekor yang terdiri dari delapan genus dan 27 spesies. Sepuluh spesies seropositif terhadap hantavirus, enam diantaranya merupakan catatan baru sebagai reservoir hantavirus. Keenam spesies tersebut adalah Bunomys coelestis, B. chyssocomus, B. fratotum, B. prolatus, R. nitidus, dan R. hoffmanni. Persentase tikus seropositif terhadap hantavirus tertinggi ditemukan pada tikus peridomestik (5,06), sedangkan pada tikus silvatik 4,60 dan tikus domestik 3,46. Perlu dilakukan kampanye peningkatan sanitasi serta sosialisasi ke masyarakat terkait risiko penularan hantavirus.