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Zuchra Helwani
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Journal : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Menggunakan Katalis Geopolimer: Pengaruh Temperatur Dan Rasio Mol Minyak:Metanol Mohd Fajri Amrullah; Edy Saputra; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels. It can be made by transesterification process of vegetable oils. Process of making biodiesel commonly use NaOH or KOH as homogeneous catalyst which has the disadvantage the formation of by products such as soaps and the complexity of the separation of catalyst. Therefore, in this study biodiesel was synthesized from calophyllum inophyllum oil by using geopolymer catalyst. Geopolymer was synthesized by mixing sodium silicate, metakaolin, NaOH, and water. Several variations of the process variables were done to assess its influence on yield of biodiesel. The variables were used consist of a dependent variables and independent variables. The dependent variables were calophyllum inophyllum oil weight of 50 grams, 3%-wt of catalyst concentration, reaction time of 120 minutes, and stirring speed of 400 rpm, while the independent variables which variation molar ratio of oil:methanol 1:3, 1:6, 1:9, 1:12 and variations of temperature 55, 60, 65 oC. Physical characterization were done including density 873 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 4.46 mm2/s, acid number 0.49 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and flash point 140°C respectively accordance with the standards of Indonesian biodiesel (SNI 7182:2015).Keywords: biodiesel, catalyst, calophyllum inophyllum oil, geopolymer, yield
Optimasi Proses Produksi Biodiesel Dari Sawit Off Grade Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Teraktivasi Pada Tahap Transesterifikasi Heriza Saputri; Zuchra Helwani; Hari Rionaldo
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Oil-palm off grade is a source of vegetable oil that unmaximum utilization from the rest of the sorting in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) factory. The availability of oil-palm off grade is about 7-10% of a CPO factory with capacity of 30 tons per hour. This research aims to produce biodiesel from oil-palm off grade with two-stage reaction (esterification and transesterification) using activated natural zeolite catalysts in transesterification reaction. The other aims of this research is to study the influence of the reaction temperature (50, 60, 70°C), the molar ratio methanol : oil (6:1, 8:1, 10:1), and catalyst concentration (1, 3, 5%-wt) to yield of biodiesel and also to predict the optimum of proccess condition that give maximum yield. Natural zeolite is modificated by impregnation with 75% KOH solution and calcined at 450°C for 4 hours. The highest yield of biodiesel is 92,04% at the reaction temperature of 60°C, the molar ratio of methanol : oil 8:1, and 3%-wt catalyst concentration.Keywords : oil-palm off grade, biodiesel, natural zeolite modificated, response surface methodology, transesterification
Pembuatan Dan Karakterisasi Komposit Hybrid Serat Pelepah Pisang Kepok (Musa Paradisiaca) Dengan Serat Tandan Kosong Sawit Bermatriks Epoxy Muhammad Gus Iqbal Al-Pakningi; Warman Fatra; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2021
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The Empty Fruits Bunches (EFB) is quite good mechanical properties, which it is waste that has not been utilized  and easily broken down. The problem in previous studies was of voids on the surface and in the composite due to the lack of a percentage of the matrix, resulting in a weak interface bond resulting in low mechanical properties. This research uses banana leaf fiber in hybrid with EFB fiber and epoxy matrix then produced by vacuum bagging method. The banana fiber was extracted with a length of 25 cm and EFB fibers a length of 1, 2, and 3 cm and alkaline treatment using 5% NaOH with a soaking time of 2 hours. For The experimental design and variables that have a significant effect on flexural strength, impact resistance, and water absorption, the statistical method Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used. The results showed that the maximum flexural strength was at running 6 with a value of 209.11 MPa, with a percentage of banana fiber/EFB (50%: 50%) with a percentage of hybrid/matrix fibers (30%: 70%) and 30 mm EFB fiber length. The maximum impact strength is at running 9 with a value of 2.736 Joules, percentage of banana fiber/EFB (60%: 40%) percentage of hybrid/matrix fibers (35%: 65%), and a fiber length of 3 cm EFB. The minimum water absorption is at running 14 with a value of 0.22%, percentage of banana fiber/EFB (60%:40%) with a percentage of hybrid/matrix fibers (25%: 75%), and a length of 1 cm EFB fiber Keywords: Banana Fiber, EFB, Hybrid composites, Vacuum Bagging, Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Esterifikasi Gliserol Dari Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triasetin Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Nirmala Sari; Zuchra Helwani; Hari Rionaldo
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel production from transesterification reaction generated 10% volume product. The increase of biodiesel production is followed by the increase of the glycerol as by product. Glycerol when esterified with acetic acid formed Triacetin. Triacetin has many uses for food, non-food and additives in biofuel feedstock that is renewable and environmentally friendly. In this study will be make Triacetin from reaction esterification of crude glycerol purified with acetic acid glacial and using natural zeolite catalyst has been activated. Making triacetin performed with a three-neck flask equipped with a condenser, heating mantle, thermometer and magnetic stirred at 100 ° C, 100 mesh size catalyst and reaction time for 4 hours. Process of qualitative analysis using FT-IR instrument has detected the exixtence of Triacetin product. The variables are varied ratio reactant of glycerol and acetic acid, and the concentration catalyst. The highest conversion obtained for 90.02% in reactan ratio mol glycerol and acetic acid 1: 7, catalyst concentration of 3% to weight of acetic acid. Comparison of reagents give real effect to the conversion of glycerol into Triacetin, while the catalyst concentration does not give a significant effect on glycerol conversion be Triacetin.Keywords: acetic acid, esterification, glycerol, Triacetin
Aplikasi Re-Used Katalis Pada Sintesis Emulsifier Ricfan Anggriawan; Ida Zahrina; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2020
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Mono and diglycerides (MDAG) are a group of synthetic emulsifiers usually used for food emulsion. MDAG can be obtained by the esterification process of fatty acids and glycerol with Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as a catalyst. The re-used catalyst method is one of many methods to determine the effectiveness of DES as a catalyst in the esterification process. DES is a mixture of at least two components, there are Hydrogen Bond Acceptors (HBA) and Hydrogen Bond Donors (HBD) which form eutectic phases with a melting point is lower than the constituent component. Re-used catalyst DES was tested in optimum condition with temperature 150°C, 30 minutes reaction time, 5 wt% catalyst, with 6:1 ratio mol between glycerol and oleic acid, and the conversion is 95%. The result of 5 times re-used catalyst is the conversion has got a not too significant reduction, which indicates that the phosphonium-based DES catalyst has a strong resistance to maintaining high catalyst activity in the esterification process. Keywords: esterification, catalyst, DES, Emulsifier, re-used catalyst.
Penggunaan Zeolit Alam Teraktivasi Sebagai Katalis Pada Proses Esterifikasi Gliserol Dari Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triacetin Dwi Yuni Ernawati; Zuchra Helwani; Silvia Reni Yenti
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
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Glycerol is a byproduct of biodiesel production by transesterification process which generated approximately 10% of the total production of biodiesel. Increasing the amount of glycerol is not accompanied by glycerol treatment process itself. Hence the need for the processing of glycerol into other materials or products that are more economic value. One of them with the process into triacetin. Triacetin can be produced from the reaction of glycerol and acetic acid using an acidic catalyst. Triacetin usefulness pretty much both for food and non-food. The objective of this study was to study the effect of ratio of reactant and consentration of catalyst on glycerol conversion on triacetin. This research was conducted with the reactants ratio 1: 3; 1: 5 and 1: 7, catalyst concentration of 2%, 4%, and 6% of the weight of acetic acid, reaction temperature of 100 °C and reaction time of 4 hours. From the analysis of the results showed that the increase in ratio of esterification of the reactants and catalyst concentration affect the conversion of glycerol into triacetin. The optimal reaction conditions on the reactant ratio of 1: 7 and the concentration of catalyst 4% of the weight of acetic acid with 82.89% conversion rate.Kata kunci: asam asetat, gliserol, optimum, reaktan, triacetin.
Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Yield Dan Kadar Lignin Pulp Pada Fraksionasi Rumput Perimping Dalam Media Asam Formiat Sherly Oktarizona,; Zulfansyah Zulfansyah; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Perimping grass (Themeda gigantea) is a lignocellulosic biomassa which has not been utilized optimally. Fractionation of perimping grass can be converted into valuable products. The objectives the research is to study the effect of the process condition on pulp yield and lignin content in pulp. The effect of the process conditions were studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Central Composite Design (CCD). Fractionation of perimping grass performed on a normal boiling point of the solution with a concentration of formic acid (60%, 70% and 80%), the reaction time of 60-180 minutes, solid liquid ratio of 10/1-20/1, 40 grams perimping grass, HCl catalyst 0,1% wt. The result shows that fractionation of perimping grass have yield pulp of 43,91% to 59,23% and lignin pulp 3,26% - 13,92%. The concentration of formic acid and reaction time influence each response significantly.Keywords: central composite design, formic acid, fractionation of biomass, perimping grass, response surface methodology
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Sawit Off Grade Menggunakan Zeolit Alam Teraktivasi Sebagai Katalis Pada Tahap Transesterifikasi Romie Zulfadli; Zuchra Helwani; Syaiful Bahri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Indonesia has big amount of natural zeolite reserve which is spread in Sumatra, Java and Borneo. It can be utilized as catalyst in transesterification step to produce biodiesel from off grade palm fruit. This research aims to produce biodiesel from low quality raw material and determine the effectiveness of the process by looking at the process conditions effect such as temperature, methanol/oil molar ratio and catalyst concentration on the yield of biodiesel. Biodiesel production from off grade palm oil is done with two step reactions, that is esterification and transesterification. The esterification step is done to reduce free fatty acid (FFA) concentration till <2% as condition in transesterification step. Esterification step use H2SO4 as catalyst, whereas modified zeolite with KOH solution use in transesterification step. Both of process are done in three-neck flask, using magnetic stirrer and condenser. FFA concentration from raw material can be reduce from 11,32% to 0,989% in esterification step with 12:1 methanol/oil ratio, 60 oC temperature and 1%-wt catalyst concentration. Biodiesel with highest yield from transesterification step is 95,84% at 60 oC temperature, 8:1 methanol/oil ratio and 7,36% catalyst concentration. The result of research furthermore processed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine the effect of process condition toward biodiesel yield. Based on P-value analysis, process conditions that have real effect to the response (biodiesel yield) are temperature and catalyst concentration. Keywords :  Biodiesel, Esterification, Natural Zeolite, Off Grade Palm Fruit, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Transesterification.
Hidrolisis Hemiselulosa Batang jagung Dengan Proses Organosolv menggunakan Pelarut Asam Formiat Desi Ivo Andri Ari; Zuchra Helwani; Zulfansyah Zulfansyah; Hari Rionaldo
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
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Corn stalk is solid waste of agricultural which is not optimally utilized. Corn stalk used for pulp and paper raw materials and also used for feeding animal. The aim of hemicellulose hydrolysis from corn stalk is to study the possibility of utilization corn stalks as raw material for chemical industry, to know the behaviour and to obtain the kinetics pattern of hemicellulose hydrolysis from corn stalk in organosolv process. The experimental of hemicellulose hydrolysis from corn stalk is carried out in a batch at laboratory scale. Experimental variables are, concentration of formic acid (70; 80; 90% wt), the reaction time (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180 minutes) and ratio of liquid-solid is 10:1, with catalyst hydrochloric acid 0.2% wt. The experimental result shows that the hydrolysis of hemicellulose from corn stalk in organosolv process produce xylose and furfural which can be used as raw material in industry. Diluted xylose and furfural in black liquor in this experiment are xylose (0.88-3,78 gr/liter) and furfural (1.7-3.69 gr) with percentage of hemicellulose recovery range from 37-82%. The behaviour of  hemicellulose hydrolysis from corn stalk in media formic acid show two series processes that have a different rate. Experimental conformity data exceeded 95% (R-square 95%) with the model hydrolysis of hemicellulose that proposed by Parajo et al [1993]. Key words: formic acid, hydrolysis of  hemicellulose, corn stalk, organosolv
Kaji Eksperimental Penggunaan Biosolar B40 Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Mesin Dengan Menggunakan Variasi Tekanan Pengabutan Pada Nosel Walter Valentino Sinaga; Romy Romy; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2021
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Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can be used to replace fossil fuels such as Diesel, which are increasingly depleting. Biodiesel has a higher viscosity, density, and surface tension value than conventional fossil fuels. The level used by the Indonesian government is 20-30% Biodiesel content, which is then added with Diesel fuel. If the percentage level of Biodiesel is increased, there are several ways that can be used to improve engine performance, one of which is to adjust the fogging pressure. This study aims to determine the effect of increasing fuel injection pressure on diesel engine performance using Biosolar B40. The research was carried out by means of a diesel engine operated at a constant rotation of 900 rpm, and given a load of 2,500 kg/m2 to 15,000 kg/m2. To improve fuel atomization, the authors change the fogging pressure by rotating the adjusting screw contained in the fuel nozzle and then tested using an injector tester so that the pressure values are 110 bar, 120 bar, 130 bar, 140 bar, and 150 bar. The calculated parameters include Δh on the orifice, the volume of fuel used, fuel consumption time, and engine rpm. In the tests conducted, it was found that variations in injection pressure have an effect on engine performance parameters such as effective shaft power, brake mean effective pressure, thermal efficiency values, air fuel ratio, and specific fuel consumption which are better than standard pressure. Where for the best engine performance value at an injection pressure of 150 bar, with an effective shaft power of 3,775 kW at a maximum load of 15,000 kg/m2, the greatest value of bmep at a load of 15,000 kg/m2 is 665.415 N/m2, the best thermal efficiency at a load of 12,500 kg/m2 is 89.902 %, for a better air and fuel ratio with a value of 212.852 at a load of 2,500 kg/m2, and the smallest specific fuel consumption with a value of 0.0000235 kg/kW.s at a load of 12,500 kg/m2. Keywords: Injection Pressure, Biodiesel, B40, Engine Performance
Co-Authors Abdullah Syafi’i Adi Maulana Putra Ahmad Fadli Al Qohyum Fernando Andi Mulya Adha Andreas Sahat Parsaulian Andry Sutanto Anna Apryana Ari Wibowo Harahap Arief Maulana Ilham Arini Puspita Ramadhanti Ayu Naluri Bahruddin Bettry Rifani Dedi Meier Silaban Delvi Yolanda Desi Ivo Andri Ari Desly Fadilla Simbolon Dwi Yuni Ernawati Edi Susanto Edy Saputra Eferius Mendrofa Febrian Adhitya Febryanto Febryanto Firman Tampubolon Fitra Annisa Ganis Kharisma Wiranti Gusti Ayu Nurjanah Hari Rionaldo Heriza Saputri Heru Kristianto Holyness Nurdin Singadimedja Ida Zahrina Jhon Fery Marihot Tua S Jimmy Anderson Khairat Khairat Komalasari Komalasari M. Wahyu Nugraha Mery Christina Mia Afriyenti Mohd Fajri Amrullah Monika Shecilia Muh. Fadlan Alfuadi Muhammad Gus Iqbal Al-Pakningi Muhammad Rahman Muhammad Rifki Aulia Rahman Mustapa Ardi Nirmala Sari Nur Khairiati Qurotullaili Qurotullaili Ramdhani Asywal Ricfan Anggriawan Rina Maryenti Rio Nanda Novendra Rivo Fernando Romie Jhonnerie Romy Romy Rozanna Sri Irianty Sherly Oktarizona, Shinta Anggraini Silvia Reni Yenti Solly Aryza Sri Helianty Syafrima Wahyu SYAIFUL BAHRI Trisuciati Syahwardini Triyana Defi Vandhe Melsa Sembiring Viqrie Wahyudi Walter Valentino Sinaga Warman Fatra, Warman Wenny Susanty Widya Yoesepha Yelmida Azis Z Zulfansyah Zultiniar Zultiniar