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Humanitarian Intervention and the Jus Cogens Argument: A Critical Observation Muhammadin, Fajri Matahati
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 5, No 1 (2018): PADJADJARAN JURNAL ILMU HUKUM (JOURNAL OF LAW)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

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AbstractThe legality of humanitarian intervention has been debated for a long time, both on the level of scholarly works and inter-state politics. Most of the debates surround the sources of international law (international conventions, customary international law, etc.) or functions of the UN or the politics or a combination thereof. However, another level of debate is not usually observed much: the Jus cogens debate. Being a non-derogable norm under international law, the prohibition against the use of force is a classic example of a Jus cogens norm, and humanitarian intervention is argued to breach it. This paper observed and explored the concept of Jus cogens, how is it constructed, and found that humanitarian intervention is not a breach of Jus cogens.Abstrak Legalitas dari intervensi kemanusiaan telah diperdebatkan sejak lama, baik melalui karya ilmiah para ahli maupun dalam politik praktis antar negara. Mayoritas perdebatan berpusat pada sumber-sumber hukum internasional (konvensi internasional, hukum kebiasaan internasional, dan lain-lain), atau fungsi PBB atau perpolitikan atau perpaduan keduanya. Namun, ada satu level perdebatan yang kurang diamati: perdebatan Jus cogens. Sebagai norma yang tidak dapat dikurangi menurut hukum internasional, larangan penggunaan kekerasan bersenjata merupakan contoh klasik norma Jus cogens, dan intervensi kemanusiaan diklaim telah menentangnya. Paper ini mencermati dan mengeksplorasi konsep Jus cogens, bagaimana terbentuknya, dan menemukan bahwa intervensi kemanusiaan bukanlah pelanggaran Jus cogens.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v5n1.a4

Limits of deception in Islamic laws of war: the case of civilian disguises in suicide attacks Fajri Matahati Muhammadin
Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam Vol 4, No 1 (2020): Vol. 4, No. 1, Oktober 2020
Publisher : Sultang Agung Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/jua.v4i1.13044

The suicide attack is an infamous method of warfare mostly associated with Islamic militant groups. While there are numerous aspects from which to discuss this method of warfare from a fiqh al-siyar (Islamic international law) perspective, this article specifically highlights suicide attacks when they disguise as civilians which they often do. Few contemporary jurists discuss this particular aspect of suicide attacks, and even those have mostly missed one issue: it might be an impermissible treasonous deception. This article explores whether suicide attacks disguising as civilians constitutes as an act of treason in fiqh al-siyar. It is found that such method of attack is not in itself treasonous therefore not in itself impermissible. However, suicide attacks disguising as civilians may become treasonous depending on the circumstances. Further, even when it is not treasonous it can be impermissible due to other reasons such as modern International Humanitarian Law (IHL), or maṣlaḥat.

De-Secularizing Legal Education in Indonesian Non-Islamic Law School: Examining The ‘Introduction to Jurisprudence’ Textbooks on The ‘Norm Classification’ Chapter Fajri Matahati Muhammadin; Hanindito Danusatya
Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam Vol 1, No 2 (2018): Vol. 1, No. 2, April 2018
Publisher : Sultang Agung Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/jua.v1i2.2455

The Indonesian legal system is not secular, but the legal education in non-Islamic universities are secular. This article will highlight the ‘Introduction to Jurisprudence’ course (ITJ) at law undergraduate programs. More specifically, one chapter will be analyzed i.e. ‘Classification of Norms’ because it is an early fundamental chapter in ITJ which shapes the jurisprudential reasoning of the law students. This article uses a literature study to observe the most used textbooks for the (ITJ) course in the top law schools in Indonesia. It will be found that the approached used by these textbooks are secular and incompatible with the Indonesian non-secular legal system. Islamization of knowledge is needed to ‘de-secularize’ this ‘Classification of Norms’ chapter.

The Gph–M.I.L.F. Agreement: human rights provisions and possible overlaps Fajri Matahati Muhammadin
Jurnal Cita Hukum Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i1.1449

Abstract: The GPH – M.I.L.F. Agreement: Human Rights Provisions and Possible Overlaps. One of the challenges in ending non-international armed conflicts is to conclude a peace agreement that satisfies the need of both parties. A new approach to this is the human rights approach, which seeks to observe and promise to fulfil elements of human rights as terms of peace. The ongoing peace process in the Philippines between the Government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front is seeing positive progress, with its peace agreement provisions highly based upon human rights. However, there are potential problems in implementing these provisions, as well as overlaps with the pre-existing structure or even between the human rights provisions themselves. This essay will observe the problems and overlaps particularly on provisions related to the rights of religion and women, and how they can be addressed. Abstrak: Perjanjian GPH-MILF: Ketentuan Hak Asasi Manusia dan Kemungkinan Terjadinya Tumpang tindih. Salah satu tantangan dalam mengakhiri konflk non internasional adalah menyusun perjanjian damai yang memuaskan kedua belah pihak. Sebuah pendekatan baru dalam perjanjian damai adalah pendekatan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) yang mengamati dan berkomitmen memenuhi elemen-elemen HAM sebagai syarat dalam perjanjian damai. Proses perdamaian antara Pemerintah dan Moro Islamic Liberation Front yang masih berlangsung di Filipina saat ini memiliki kemajuan yang positif. Perjanjian-perjanjian yang sudah ditandatangani tampak jelas dilandasi oleh HAM. Akan tetapi tampak kemungkinan beberapa masalah implementasi serta kontradiksi antara ketentuan HAM dalam perjanjian damai dengan struktur yang telah ada, dan bahkan antar ketentuan HAM dalam perjanjian itu sendiri. Tulisan ini akan mengamati implementasi dan kontradiksi dalam perjanjian damai ini terutama terkait hak beragama dan hak wanita dan bagaimana permasalahan tersebut dapat diselesaikan. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i1.1449

The Urgency to Incorporate the Islamic Concept of Rights into the International Human Rights Law Course in Indonesian Law Schools Sigit Riyanto; Fajri Matahati Muhammadin
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 14 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v14i1.2166

The discourse between International Human Rights Law (IHRL) and Islam has been a longstanding one. However, not all IHRL courses in Indonesia include Islamic human rights as one of the taught chapters. This normative research explores the urgency to include Islamic human rights in the IHRL curriculum, and finds that it is indeed urgent to do so. There are two reasons found to include Islamic human rights in IHRL. First, as a counter towards the Eurocentric discourse of IHRL. Second, there are paradigmatic differences between IHRL and Islam which, if not understood, will make it difficult to fairly consider the discourse and analyze the derivative issues. There are two paradigmatic differences between IHRL and Islamic human rights, which are the epistemology and rights-obligation construction (Diskursus antara Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional (HHAMI) dan Islam telah ada sejak lama dan hingga kini tidak habis-habis. Akan tetapi, ternyata tidak semua mata kuliah HHAMI yang diajarkan di fakultas-fakultas hukum Indonesia mencakupi HAM Islam sebagai salah satu pokok bahasan. Penelitian yang bersifat normatif ini akan mengkaji urgensi memasukkan konsep HAM Islam ke dalam kurikulum HHAMI, dan ditemukan bahwa hal tersebut memang memiliki urgensi. Ditemukan dua alasan utama untuk melakukan hal tersebut. Pertama, sebagai salah satu counter terhadap naratif Eurosentrisme dalam diskursus HHAMI. Kedua, ternyata ada beberapa perbedaan yang bersifat paradigmatic antara HHAMI dan Islam, yang apabila tidak dikenal maka akan sulit mendudukkan diskursus HHAMI dan Islam dengan akurat apalagi mengkaji isu-isu turunan dengan tepat. Perbedaan paradigmatic ini ada dua, yaitu pada tatanan epistemology serta konstruksi antara hak dan kewajiban)

Hambatan Aksesibilitas Masyarakat terhadap Hak Keadilan Perdata Rizky Wirastomo; Fajri Matahati Muhammadin; Tata Wijayanta
Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Vol. 18 (2011): Edisi Khusus Vol. 18 Oktober 2011
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

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Right to seek adjudication of conflicts qualifies as human rights. However, we find that whenever the economical value of a dispute is insignificant in comparison towards court’s fees, this rights tend to be infringed. Judicial reform with a sole interest of a faithful recognition of human rights is needed.

Can International Law be Enforced Towards its Subjects Within the International Legal Order? Fajri Matahati Muhammadin
Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Vol. 21 No. 2: April 2014
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/iustum.vol21.iss2.art2

Can international law be enforced? This begs a question, thus problem, in the theory of law: whether there can be enforcement of law in absence of sovereign authority, as is the case of International law. International law has become its own legal order with its own unique way of operating. This writing is a normative research on the sources and reality of the actors of international law. It is found that international law is enforceable and that there are two ways that international law can be enforced, i.e. enforcement by “authorities” formed by treaty regimes, and by non-authorities (including enforcement individual states and by the international community). It is also found that these enforcement means have their weaknesses.

Humanitarian Intervention and the Jus Cogens Argument: A Critical Observation Fajri Matahati Muhammadin
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 5, No 1 (2018): PADJADJARAN JURNAL ILMU HUKUM (JOURNAL OF LAW)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (378.628 KB)

AbstractThe legality of humanitarian intervention has been debated for a long time, both on the level of scholarly works and inter-state politics. Most of the debates surround the sources of international law (international conventions, customary international law, etc.) or functions of the UN or the politics or a combination thereof. However, another level of debate is not usually observed much: the Jus cogens debate. Being a non-derogable norm under international law, the prohibition against the use of force is a classic example of a Jus cogens norm, and humanitarian intervention is argued to breach it. This paper observed and explored the concept of Jus cogens, how is it constructed, and found that humanitarian intervention is not a breach of Jus cogens.Abstrak Legalitas dari intervensi kemanusiaan telah diperdebatkan sejak lama, baik melalui karya ilmiah para ahli maupun dalam politik praktis antar negara. Mayoritas perdebatan berpusat pada sumber-sumber hukum internasional (konvensi internasional, hukum kebiasaan internasional, dan lain-lain), atau fungsi PBB atau perpolitikan atau perpaduan keduanya. Namun, ada satu level perdebatan yang kurang diamati: perdebatan Jus cogens. Sebagai norma yang tidak dapat dikurangi menurut hukum internasional, larangan penggunaan kekerasan bersenjata merupakan contoh klasik norma Jus cogens, dan intervensi kemanusiaan diklaim telah menentangnya. Paper ini mencermati dan mengeksplorasi konsep Jus cogens, bagaimana terbentuknya, dan menemukan bahwa intervensi kemanusiaan bukanlah pelanggaran Jus cogens.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v5n1.a4

Comparing International Humanitarian Law and Islamic Law on War Captives: Observing ISIS Fajri Matahati Muhammadin
Dauliyah Journal of Islamic and International Affairs Vol 1, No 2 (2016): Dauliyah (Journal of Islamic and International Affairs)
Publisher : UNIDA Gontor

The Syrian conflict brings warfare to a new level where jihadists have evolved from small terrorist cells into large armed groups. The Islamic State of Iraq and Sham (ISIS) seem to be the most outstanding and eye-catching of all, as they seem to be the strongest and most brutal among them.They have allegedly committed numerous breaches of international humanitarian law(IHL). especially in the treatment of War Captives. This includes summary execution, torture, and even acts of crucifixion. While ISIS claims to follow only Islamic law and dismisses other laws, does this mean that Islamic laws of war are inconsistent with IHL? This article will first examine relevant rules of IHL and Islamic laws of war with a focus on the treatment of war captives, finding that the two laws are generally consistent except for a few points. Then the practice of ISIS regarding the treatment of war captives will be observed, and it will be found that there are numerous evidence of violations towards both IHL and Islamic law.

Comparing International Humanitarian Law and Islamic Law on War Captives: Observing ISIS Fajri Matahati Muhammadin
Dauliyah Journal of Islamic and International Affairs Vol 1, No 01 (2016): Dauliyah (Journal of Islamic and International Affairs)
Publisher : UNIDA Gontor

The Syrian conflict brings warfare to a new level where jihadists have evolved from small terrorist cells into large armed groups. The Islamic State of Iraq and Sham (ISIS) seem to be the most outstanding and eye-catching of all, as they seem to be the strongest and most brutal among them.They have allegedly committed numerous breaches of international humanitarian law(IHL). especially in the treatment of War Captives. This includes summary execution, torture, and even acts of crucifixion. While ISIS claims to follow only Islamic law and dismisses other laws, does this mean that Islamic laws of war are inconsistent with IHL? This article will first examine relevant rules of IHL and Islamic laws of war with a focus on the treatment of war captives, finding that the two laws are generally consistent except for a few points. Then the practice of ISIS regarding the treatment of war captives will be observed, and it will be found that there are numerous evidence of violations towards both IHL and Islamic law.

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