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RHETORICAL PATTERNS, VERB TENSE, AND VOICE IN CROSS DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ARTICLE ABSTRACT Sharifah Hanidar
Humaniora Vol 28, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This article investigates research article abstracts in terms of their rhetorical patterns and the use of verb tenses and voice. A total of 40 abstracts were selected from four international journals in the fields of Biology, Mechanical Engineering, Linguistics, and Medicine. A four move model was adopted from Hardjanto (1997) to analyze the structure of the abstracts. The results show that all the abstracts have Move 1, creating a research space; 70% have Move 2, describing research procedure; 85% have Move 3, summarizing principal results; and 85% have Move 4, evaluating results. All the abstracts in medicine have Moves 1, 2, 3 and 4, whereas the most common pattern in Biology is Moves 1, 3 and 4, in Mechanical Engineering Moves 1, 2 and 3, and in Linguistics Moves 1, 2 and 4. This seems to suggest that there is a disciplinary variation in the structuring of RA abstracts in the four disciplines under investigation. With regard to the use of verb tense and voice in each move, the present tense and past tense in the active voice and the past tense in the passive voice were the most frequently used tenses. The present tense in the active voice was frequently used in Moves 1 and 4, while the past tense in the active voice was commonly used in Move 3 and the past tense in the passive voice was frequently found in Move 2. Furthermore, it was found that the present tense in the active voice was frequently used in Biology, Mechanical Engineering and Linguistics, whereas the past tense in the active voice occurred more frequently in Medicine, and the past tense in the passive voice was more frequently found in Mechanical Engineering than in other disciplines.

The Flouting of the Gricean Maxims in the Movies Insidious and Insidious 2 Melinda Kurniati; Sharifah Hanidar
Lexicon Vol 5, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i1.41282

The research attempts to examine the flouting of the Gricean maxims in two horror movies Insidious and Insidious 2. It also aims to investigate the functions of the flouting that the characters made when speaking to other characters. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze the data. The results show that in Insidious, the characters flout all the maxims with 23 cases of flouting: 3 cases of the flouting of the maxim of quality (13.1%), 9 cases of the flouting of the maxim of quantity (39.1%), 6 cases of the flouting of the maxim of relation (26.1%), and 5 cases of the flouting of the maxim of manner (21.7%). Whereas the characters in Insidious 2 only flout two maxims, the maxim of quantity and relation with 7 cases of floutings: 3 cases of the flouting of the maxim of quantity (42.8%), and 4 cases of the flouting of the maxim of relation (57.2%). The results indicate that characters in Insidious and Insidious 2 flout the maxims for a number of reasons, the main reasons being to avoid making the main characters upset, provide comprehensive explanations, convince the hearer, and criticize someone’s action.

Metaphors in Adhitia Sofyan’s Songs Meidia Rea Smithiana; Sharifah Hanidar
Lexicon Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.42040

This research examines the metaphors used by Adhitia Sofyan in his songs. The data used in this research were Adhitia Sofyan’s song lyrics taken from four different albums: Quiet Down (2009), Forget Your Plans (2010), How to Stop Time (2014), and Silver Painted Radiance (2016). The data were analyzed using the theory of conceptual metaphor proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). The results show that the chosen song lyrics contain three kinds of metaphors: structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors. In addition, the messages Adhitia Sofyan wants to convey by using the metaphors are mostly about love towards a sweetheart, an ex-girlfriend, a mother, and God. The metaphors in the songs are also used to express feelings such as loneliness, regrets, hope, and despair.

Request Strategies in the American TV Series Full House Yemima Febriani; Sharifah Hanidar
Lexicon Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v6i1.50308

This research aims to analyze the request strategies used in an American TV Series entitled Full House season 7 episodes 1-12. The main characters are family members from three different age groups (adult, teenager, and children). This research attempts to see if there is any difference on the choice of request strategies used by the three age groups. Blum-Kulka and Olshtain’s (1984) theory on request directness level is used to classify the requests. Relative power and social distance are also studied to see how they influence the characters in making their requests. The results show that mood derivable is the most frequent strategy used by all age groups. Specifically, direct request is highly used by the adult age groups. On the other hand, indirect request is mostly used by the younger age groups. The results also show that all age groups tend to use direct strategy when the social distance is negative. However, when the social distance is positive, the choice of strategy depends on the authority of the speaker.

Conceptual Metaphors in Paramore’s After Laughter Album Stephanie Melinda Pramudita; Sharifah Hanidar
Lexicon Vol 6, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v6i2.53152

This research aims to classify the conceptual metaphors in Paramore’s After Laughter (2017) album. The data for the research were taken from 11 songs in the album After Laughter. The data were analyzed using Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) theory of conceptual metaphor. From the 11 songs, 47 data were identified containing conceptual metaphors. Overall, the data mostly consist of orientational metaphors. There were 37 data containing orientational metaphors, which are used by the songwriters to convey to their listeners that they had experienced ups and downs in their lives. Eight structural metaphors were used to deliver the message that life is full of challenges and struggle. However, it also conveys a lesson of the most genuine forgiveness. Only 2 data containing ontological metaphors were found. The conceptual metaphors depict the devastation in their lives, as it is tangible through human imagination and has human characteristics. By using conceptual metaphors in the song lyrics, the songwriters enable the listeners to acknowledge the message, as well as the story that they meant to convey.

Linguistic Stylistic Analysis of Instagram Poems by Rupi Kaur, Dhiman, and R.M Drake Livia Ayudita Wiadji; Sharifah Hanidar
Lexicon Vol 7, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v7i1.64576

In the era of digitalization, poems are also published on the internet. Instagram is one of many platforms to introduce self-written poems to a broader range of readers around the world. An Instagram poem has its own writing style and aesthetics since it is written in the modern era. In this research, stylistic analysis is used to analyze the style used in Instagram poems. Rupi Kaur, Dhiman, and R. M. Drake are three Instagram poets whose poems are chosen for analysis. The poems are chosen based on the number of likes. Five most liked poems of each poet written in 2018 are the main data source used in this research. The purpose of the research is to identify the linguistic features found in poems written by Rupi Kaur, Dhiman, and R.M Drake. Out of many linguistic features, only graphology, phonology, syntax, and lexical features are analyzed in this research. The result shows that Instagram poems are mostly written in lower case letters in the same font. They also form free rhymed poems by using enjambment to break the sentences into several lines. The Instagram poets also chose their words carefully to create a specific meaning in the lines while creating a balanced emotion of word connotation.

The Flouting of Conversational Maxims by Male and Female Characters in the British TV Series Broadchurch Andrian Yonathan Damanik; Sharifah Hanidar
Lexicon Vol 8, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v8i2.66001

This research focuses on examining the flouting of the Gricean conversational maxims on the British TV series Broadchurch. It also investigates the use of rhetorical strategies in flouting the maxims by male and female characters in the series. The research data were the utterances that flout the maxims. The data were collected from Season I of the Series, containing 8 episodes. The data were analyzed by applying Grice’s theory of cooperative principle (1975). Moreover, the data were also analyzed in terms of the rhetorical strategies employed by the characters when they flout the maxims. The results show that 97 cases of maxim flouting were found. The characters most frequently flout the maxim of relation (44.33%) and least frequently the maxim of quality (13.40%). Furthermore, in flouting the maxims, male characters tend to use the irrelevant statements as their preferred rhetorical strategy (63.46%), whereas female characters tend to use obscure expressions as their preferred rhetorical strategy (33.33%).

Impoliteness Strategies in Trevor Noah’s Afraid of The Dark Stand-up Comedy Show Aulia Hafisa; Sharifah Hanidar
Lexicon Vol 7, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v7i2.66571

This research focuses on identifying the impoliteness strategies and explaining the purposes of the most frequently used strategy in Afraid of the Dark stand-up comedy show performed by Trevor Noah. The data of this research are Trevor Noah’s utterances which contains impoliteness strategies. The analysis was based on the impoliteness strategies theory proposed by Jonathan Culpeper (1996). The result of this research shows that Trevor Noah uses 105 instances of impoliteness strategies which cover all five types of strategies proposed by Culpeper; bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm or mock politeness, and withhold politeness. Based on the findings, negative impoliteness is found to be the most frequently used strategy. It occurs 42 times or with a percentage of 40% of the whole data. This high frequency of negative impoliteness strategy is used to entertain the audience. Trevor Noah mostly used ‘condescend, scorn, or ridicule’ sub-strategies of negative impoliteness intended to amuse and entertain the audience and also to induce laughter when hearing one being ridiculed or disparaged.

The Production of Conversational Humor by Flouting Gricean Maxims in The IT Crowd Sitcom Ilsa Krisdwiyani; Sharifah Hanidar
Lexicon Vol 9, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v9i1.72803

This study focuses on the Gricean maxim floutings found in the production of verbal humor by the characters in the show The IT Crowd, seasons one and two. This research aims to identify and classify the flouting of maxims, explain the rhetorical strategies employed, and the functions behind each flouting of the humorous utterances in the sitcom. Qualitative methods were used in analyzing the data, which are the humorous utterances resulted from the maxims flouting found in the first 12 episodes of the series. However, quantitative data is also taken into consideration in the analysis. In the series, a total of 102 occurrences were identified as maxim floutings. The most frequently occurring maxim flouting is of the quality maxim with 56 occurrences (54.90%).The result shows the characters produced verbal humor by flouting the conversational maxims using varied rhetorical strategies. Their most preferred rhetorical strategy is allusion, with 12 occurrences (11.70%) found in the series. It was also discovered that the characters use a variety of rhetorical strategies when they flout the maxims to achieve different communicative goals. The most frequent goal to appear is self-disclosure, with 26 data indicate the speakers flout the maxims to disclose personal information through humor.

Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris melalui Siaran Radio Komunitas Balai Budaya Minomartani FM 107.7 MHz Sharifah Hanidar; Rio Rini Diah Moehkardi
Bakti Budaya: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol 2, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences

The community service program conducted by the English Study Program held from April to July, 2019 was the fourth in a series of activities in cooperation with Balai Budaya Minomartani and the community radio station, Balai Budaya Minomartani FM 107.7 MHz. It aims to increase the community capacity by training high school students living in Minomartani and its vicinity to become broadcasters of an educational entertainment radio program. In this program, Indonesian folktales in English translation are used as a medium for teaching English through storytelling. In achieving the aim, a two day workshop on radio broadcasting was held at the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The resource persons presenting in the workshop are community radio practitioners from the community radio station and lecturers from the English Study Program, Universitas Gadjah Mada. In the workshop, participants learned how to operate audio mixer, tell stories and present material on the radio. The participants were also provided with a module to help them identify language items to teach and select, modify, and convert the folk tales into audio scripts. Under the guidance and supervision of tutors from the English Study Program, the participants selected the language items in the folktales and developed them into teaching materials, made audio scripts and presented them. The participants were recorded reading their scripts. The audio recording was then broadcasted by the community radio station, Balai Budaya Minomartani FM 107.7 MHz. As the community radio is internet-based, the broadcast could be heard world wide. In this way, Indonesian folktales are also promoted to the world.--------------------------------------------------------------Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat yang dilaksanakan Prodi Sastra Inggris sejak April–Juli 2019 bekerja sama dengan Balai Budaya Minomartani dan Radio Komunitas Balai Budaya Minomartani FM 107.7 MHz, merupakan yang keempat kalinya dalam serangkaian kegiatan kerjasama. Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan mengembangkan kapasitas masyarakat dengan melatih siswa SMA/SMK yang tinggal di Minomartani dan sekitarnya untuk menjadi penyiar program pendidikan dan hiburan. Dalam program ini, cerita rakyat Indonesia yang telah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran bahasa Inggris dengan memakai metode storytelling. Untuk mencapai tujuannya, Prodi Sastra Inggris menyelenggarakan workshop yang berlangsung selama dua hari di Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Para narasumber merupakan praktisi radio komunitas dan dosen dosen Prodi Sastra Inggris, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Para peserta workshop diajarkan bagaimana mengoperasikan audiomixer, bercerita dan menyiarkan materi. Di samping itu, para peserta diberikan modul untuk membantu mereka dalam mengidentifikasi butir bahasa yang akan diajarkan, memilih, memodifikasi dan mengubah cerita rakyat menjadi audio script. Di bawah bimbingan tutor dari Prodi Sastra Inggris, peserta memilih unsur bahasa yang terdapat dalam cerita rakyat dan mengembangkannya menjadi bahan ajar, membuat audio script, membacakannya sambil direkam untuk kemudian disiarkan di radio komunitas Balai Budaya Minomartani FM 107.7 MHz. Karena radio komunitas BBM sudah berbasis internet, siaran ini dapat didengarkan di seluruh dunia sehingga menjadi sarana promosi cerita rakyat Indonesia.

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