Rini Murtiningsih
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LABORATORY AND FIELD EVALUATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM Cymbopogon nardus AS OVIPOSITION DETERRENT AND OVICIDAL ACTIVITIES AGAINST Helicoverpa armigera Hubner ON CHILI PEPPER Setiawati, Wiwin; Murtiningsih, Rini; Hasyim, Ahsol
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

The fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) is one of the key pests of chili pepper in Indonesia. Yield loss due to this insect pest may reach up to 60%. Chemical treatment for con-trolling this insect pest is ineffective and eventually leads to environmental pollution. More environmentally safe insecticides are developed based on natural plant ingredients as their active compound such as essential oils. This study aimed to assess the potential of citronella oil for managing H. armigera on chili pepper. The experiments were conducted at the Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute from April 2009 to March 2010 and in Cirebon, West Java from November 2009 to March 2010. A field experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and replicated five times. Citronella oil was extracted by steam distillation from Cymbo-pogon  nardus. The oil was then chemically characterized by using GC-MS and its efficacy (ovicidal and feeding deterrent) against H. armigera was tested both in laboratory and field conditions. The GC-MS result showed that major chemical compounds of the citronella oil used were citronella (35.97%), nerol (17.28%), citronellol (10.03%), geranyle acetate (4.44%), elemol (4.38%), limonene (3.98%), and citronnellyle acetate (3.51%). The laboratory experiment revealed that the highest concentration (4,000 ppm) of citronella oil reduced egg laying by 53-66%. Ovicidal activity was concentration dependent, and egg hatchability decreased by 15-95% compared to control. The field experiment showed that treatment of citronella oil at 2.0 mL L-1 significantly reduced fruit damage by H. armigera similar to the plots treated with spinosad at the recommended dose (60 g ai ha-1). Application of citronella oil significantly reduced fruit damage by 72% and increased quality of the chili pepper. Because oviposition and feeding deterrent properties are key factors in controlling the pest, therefore this study revealed that citronella oil has potential to be incorporated into the controlling program of H. armigera on chili pepper.
Pengaruh Campuran Insektisida terhadap Ulat Bawang Spodoptera exigua Hubn. Moekasan, Tonny Koetani; Murtiningsih, Rini
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efikasi campuran empat insektisida yaitu spinosad (Tracer), metomil (Metindo), tiodikarb (Larvin), dan klorpirifos (Dursban) terhadap larva Spodoptera exigua pada tanaman bawang merah di lapangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai September 2007 di Desa Kendawa, Kecamatan Jatibarang, Kabupaten DT II Brebes, Jawa Tengah (± 2 m dpl.). Delapan perlakuan termasuk kontrol dan pembanding diuji menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang empat kali. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah (a) spinosad + metomil, (b) spinosad  + tiodikarb, (c) klorpirifos  + metomil, (d) spinosad, (e) tiodikarb, (f) klorpirifos, (g) metomil, dan (h) kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiga macam campuran yang diuji, campuran spinosad + metomil paling efektif menekan S. exigua dan dapat mempertahankan hasil panen bawang merah. Selain itu berdasarkan harga resmi pestisida pada tahun 2007, harga  campuran insektisida spinosad + metomil  lebih murah jika dibandingkan dengan harga spinosad tunggal. Selisih pendapatan dalam perlakuan campuran spinosad + metomil lebih tinggi dengan selisih pendapatan perlakuan spinosad tunggal. ABSTRACT. Moekasan, T.K. and R. Murtiningsih. 2010. The Effect of Insecticides Combination Against Beat Armyworm Spodoptera exigua Hubn. The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of combination of four insecticides, i.e. spinosad (Tracer), methomyl (Metindo), thiodicarb (Larvin), and chlorpyrifos (Dursban) against beat armyworm, S. exigua on shallots. The experiment was conducted from April until September 2007 at Kendawa Village, Jatibarang Subdistrict, Brebes District, Central Java (± 2 m asl). The treatments were (a) spinosad + methomyl, (b) spinosad + thiodicarb, (c) chlorpyrifos + methomyl, (d) spinosad, (e) thiodicarb, (f) chlorpyrifos, (g) methomyl, and (h) check. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The results showed that spinosad + methomyl was the most effective insecticide combination to suppress S. exigua. This combination could sustain the high yield and the price of spinosad + methomyl combination was cheaper than the spinosad price singly. Therefore, the application of spinosad + methomyl was more profitable compare to spinosad singly.
Kompatibilitas Minyak Serai dengan Predator Menochilus sexmaculatus untuk Pengendalian Vektor Penyakit Virus Kuning Setiawati, Wiwin; Murtiningsih, Rini
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

Penggunaan insektisida kimia sintetis secara intensif di lapangan dapat mengurangi populasi musuh alami, sehingga mengakibatkan populasi hama meningkat. Bemisia tabaci merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman cabai merah yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan langsung dengan cara menghisap cairan tanaman dan tidak langsung menularkan penyakit virus kuning. Cara pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan merupakan faktor penting dalam menekan kehilangan yang diakibatkan oleh serangan B. tabaci. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kompatibilitas insektisida nabati yang berasal dari minyak serai dengan predator Menochilus sexmaculatus dalam menekan populasi B. tabaci. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran mulai bulan Juni sampai dengan Desember 2009. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan (dipping method)  untuk kutukebul, film kering (dry film), dan odor effect untuk predator M. sexmaculatus. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok terdiri atas enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan ialah enam konsentrasi minyak serai yaitu 5.000, 4.000, 3.000, 2.000, 1.000, dan 0 ppm sebagai kontrol. Untuk menentukan nilai LC50 dan LT50 digunakan analisis Probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi minyak serai pada konsentrasi 2.000-5.000 ppm efektif menekan populasi nimfa B. tabaci instar I dan II, sedangkan untuk instar III dan IV pada konsentrasi 3.000-5.000 ppm dengan nilai penekanan sebesar 92-98% bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Nilai LC50 untuk nimfa B. tabaci instar I-IV berturut-turut sebesar 1.266,48, 1.755,81, 2.305,46, dan 2.343,59 ppm.  Pada konsentrasi 2.000 ppm, LT50 minyak serai  untuk nimfa B. tabaci ialah sekitar 2,95 hari setelah perlakuan. Minyak serai yang aman untuk larva predator M. sexmaculatus ialah pada konsentrasi 1.000 ppm bila diaplikasikan secara kontak dan 1.000-2.000 ppm bila diaplikasikan sebagai odor effect. Minyak serai pada konsentrasi 1.000-5.000 ppm aman terhadap imago M. sexmaculatus. Konsentrasi 2.000 ppm minyak serai merupakan konsentrasi yang sesuai diaplikasikan sebagai insektisida alami untuk pengendalian B. tabaci, aman dan kompatibel dengan  predator M. sexmaculatus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa minyak serai dan M. sexmaculatus memiliki potensi dalam mengendalikan B. tabaci pada cabai.There is a tendency of diminishing  the number of natural enemies caused by utilization of non-selective insecticides that lead to serious consequences for pest population dynamics. Bemisia tabaci is an extremely polyphagous pest that causes direct damage and can act as a viral vector on hot peppers causing yellow virus disease. The activity of natural enemies can be exploited by employing propers conservation and augmentation techniques. Natural enemies might play roles to control of  B. tabaci on hot peppers. The study was conducted in the Laboratory and Screenhouse of IVEGRI from June to December 2009. The objective of this study was to determine compatibility of citronella oil with M. sexmaculatus to control B. tabaci. Dipping methods, dry film, and odor effect were used in this study. Randomized completely block design with six treatments and four replications was used in this study. The treatments were citronella oils at different consentration 5,000, 4,000, 3,000, 2,000, 1,000, and 0 ppm as a control and stages of B. tabaci (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars) and M. sexmaculatus. Probit analysis was used to ditermine LC50 and LT50 value. The results indicated that  citronella oils at concentration of 2,000-5,000 ppm was effective to control nymphs of B. tabaci at 1st and 2nd instar , while 3,000-5,000 ppm for 3rd and 4th instar. The first two nymphal stages were more susceptible to citronella oil compared to the third and fourth nymphal stage. LC50 value for first to fourth nymphal stage was 1,266.48; 1,755.81; 2,305.46, and 2,343.59 ppm respectively. The LT50 occurred at 2.95 days in all instar stages.  Menochilus sexmaculatus  predators were  highly susceptible to the essential oil vapours and the selective toxicity ratio varied depending on the methods and stages. Citronella oil at 1,000-2,000 ppm was compatible with M. sexmaculatus larvae on odor effect and 1,000 ppm on dry film method. Menochilus sexmaculatus adult more tolerant to citronella oil compared to larvae stage at concentration 1,000-5,000 ppm. Concentration 2,000 ppm of citronella oil was the appropriate concentration applied as bioinsecticide for B. tabaci, safety and compatibility for M. sexmaculatus. Based on the study known citronella oil and M. sexmaculatus  had potential to be incorporated in controlling B. tabaci  on hot peppers.
Kompatibilitas Minyak Serai dengan Predator Menochilus sexmaculatus untuk Pengendalian Vektor Penyakit Virus Kuning Setiawati, Wiwin; Murtiningsih, Rini
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v21n4.2011.p344-352

Abstract

Penggunaan insektisida kimia sintetis secara intensif di lapangan dapat mengurangi populasi musuh alami, sehingga mengakibatkan populasi hama meningkat. Bemisia tabaci merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman cabai merah yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan langsung dengan cara menghisap cairan tanaman dan tidak langsung menularkan penyakit virus kuning. Cara pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan merupakan faktor penting dalam menekan kehilangan yang diakibatkan oleh serangan B. tabaci. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kompatibilitas insektisida nabati yang berasal dari minyak serai dengan predator Menochilus sexmaculatus dalam menekan populasi B. tabaci. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran mulai bulan Juni sampai dengan Desember 2009. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan (dipping method)  untuk kutukebul, film kering (dry film), dan odor effect untuk predator M. sexmaculatus. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok terdiri atas enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan ialah enam konsentrasi minyak serai yaitu 5.000, 4.000, 3.000, 2.000, 1.000, dan 0 ppm sebagai kontrol. Untuk menentukan nilai LC50 dan LT50 digunakan analisis Probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi minyak serai pada konsentrasi 2.000-5.000 ppm efektif menekan populasi nimfa B. tabaci instar I dan II, sedangkan untuk instar III dan IV pada konsentrasi 3.000-5.000 ppm dengan nilai penekanan sebesar 92-98% bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Nilai LC50 untuk nimfa B. tabaci instar I-IV berturut-turut sebesar 1.266,48, 1.755,81, 2.305,46, dan 2.343,59 ppm.  Pada konsentrasi 2.000 ppm, LT50 minyak serai  untuk nimfa B. tabaci ialah sekitar 2,95 hari setelah perlakuan. Minyak serai yang aman untuk larva predator M. sexmaculatus ialah pada konsentrasi 1.000 ppm bila diaplikasikan secara kontak dan 1.000-2.000 ppm bila diaplikasikan sebagai odor effect. Minyak serai pada konsentrasi 1.000-5.000 ppm aman terhadap imago M. sexmaculatus. Konsentrasi 2.000 ppm minyak serai merupakan konsentrasi yang sesuai diaplikasikan sebagai insektisida alami untuk pengendalian B. tabaci, aman dan kompatibel dengan  predator M. sexmaculatus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa minyak serai dan M. sexmaculatus memiliki potensi dalam mengendalikan B. tabaci pada cabai.There is a tendency of diminishing  the number of natural enemies caused by utilization of non-selective insecticides that lead to serious consequences for pest population dynamics. Bemisia tabaci is an extremely polyphagous pest that causes direct damage and can act as a viral vector on hot peppers causing yellow virus disease. The activity of natural enemies can be exploited by employing propers conservation and augmentation techniques. Natural enemies might play roles to control of  B. tabaci on hot peppers. The study was conducted in the Laboratory and Screenhouse of IVEGRI from June to December 2009. The objective of this study was to determine compatibility of citronella oil with M. sexmaculatus to control B. tabaci. Dipping methods, dry film, and odor effect were used in this study. Randomized completely block design with six treatments and four replications was used in this study. The treatments were citronella oils at different consentration 5,000, 4,000, 3,000, 2,000, 1,000, and 0 ppm as a control and stages of B. tabaci (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars) and M. sexmaculatus. Probit analysis was used to ditermine LC50 and LT50 value. The results indicated that  citronella oils at concentration of 2,000-5,000 ppm was effective to control nymphs of B. tabaci at 1st and 2nd instar , while 3,000-5,000 ppm for 3rd and 4th instar. The first two nymphal stages were more susceptible to citronella oil compared to the third and fourth nymphal stage. LC50 value for first to fourth nymphal stage was 1,266.48; 1,755.81; 2,305.46, and 2,343.59 ppm respectively. The LT50 occurred at 2.95 days in all instar stages.  Menochilus sexmaculatus  predators were  highly susceptible to the essential oil vapours and the selective toxicity ratio varied depending on the methods and stages. Citronella oil at 1,000-2,000 ppm was compatible with M. sexmaculatus larvae on odor effect and 1,000 ppm on dry film method. Menochilus sexmaculatus adult more tolerant to citronella oil compared to larvae stage at concentration 1,000-5,000 ppm. Concentration 2,000 ppm of citronella oil was the appropriate concentration applied as bioinsecticide for B. tabaci, safety and compatibility for M. sexmaculatus. Based on the study known citronella oil and M. sexmaculatus  had potential to be incorporated in controlling B. tabaci  on hot peppers.
The The Effect of Gamma Rays on Local Chilli Infected to Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Infection (Begomovirus) Tarigan, Rasiska; Hanafia, Diana Sofia; Sinuraya, Mariati; Barus, Susilawati; Marpaung, Agustina E; Murtiningsih, Rini; Sebayang, Amelia
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 19 No 2 (2023): Maret 2023
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.19.2.74-82

Abstract

Cabai merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi di Indonesia. Cabai lokal Karo berbatang ungu merupakan cabai yang memiliki keunggulan produksi dan pertumbuhan vegetatif tinggi, namun sangat rentan terhadap penyakit virus keriting kuning oleh begomovirus. Salah satu upaya pengendalian begomovirus ialah dengan perakitan genotipe baru yang tahan melalui induksi iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh iradiasi sinar gamma pada benih cabai lokal Karo berbatang ungu terinfeksi begomovirus untuk mendapatkan calon genotipe mutan yang tahan. Benih dari tanaman cabai terinfeksi begomovirus diberi perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma dengan taraf dosis 150, 200, dan 250 Gy untuk mendapatkan tanaman mutan 1 (M1). Benih sehat dan benih berasal dari tanaman sakit tanpa perlakuan digunakan sebagai tanaman kontrol. Parameter yang diamati meliputi insidensi dan keparahan penyakit, AUDPC dan deteksi begomovirus pada tanaman M1 dan benih generasi kedua (M2). Perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma taraf dosis 150 Gy pada benih cabai terinfeksi begomovirus menunjukkan rata-rata insidensi, keparahan penyakit, dan AUDPC paling rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya pada tanaman mutan M1 dan M2. Berdasarkan deteksi dengan PCR pada tanaman mutan M2, dari perlakuan dosis 150 Gy didapatkan 7 calon genotipe tahan begomovirus terbanyak di antara perlakuan lainnya.