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All Journal International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND SYSTEM CONTROL ENGINEERING Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Al-Ard: Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia
Ratnawati Ratnawati
Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Indonesia Jalan Raya Puspiptek Serpong 15320, Tangerang Selatan
Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences Other

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THE EFFECT OF MILLING TIME AND PERCENTAGE OF DISPERSING AGENT ON THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SOLVENT-BASED BLACK PAINT FROM CARBON BLACK PIGMENT Ratnawati Ratnawati; Joko Noveriarto; Aniek S Handayani; Is S Purwaningsih; Iyus Hendrawan
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol 21, No 4: JULY 2020
Publisher : Center for Science & Technology of Advanced Materials - National Nuclear Energy Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/jsmi.2020.21.4.5984

Abstract

THE EFFECT OF MILLING TIME AND PERCENTAGE OF DISPERSING AGENT ON THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SOLVENT-BASED BLACK PAINT FROM CARBON BLACK PIGMEN. The need for black paint made from carbon black pigment increasing year by year especially in the automotive world. The production of black paint is performed by milling the resin, pigment, additive/dispersing agent, and solvent. In the manufacturing process, it takes a relatively long time with precise dispersing agent composition toward pigment to get the product with blackness/solid black according to the expected quality. This work aims to study the role of the milling time of carbon black fw 200 beads on a 3 liter ball mill and the percentage of dispersing agents on paint color quality, especially blackness. The variations in milling time were 36, 48, and 60 hours and the weight percentage of dispersing agent toward pigment were 80%, 100%, and 120%. The optimum results obtained are at the milling time of 48 hours and on the percentage of dispersing agent of 120% with the product characteristics fulfills the requirement namely: 10 μm of particle fineness, 111.5 krebs unit of viscosity, 36.97% of solid content, 0.9839 gr/cc of specific gravity with desirable solid black color.
STUDI PENGARUH WAKTU DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PRODUK WHITE COLORANT DARI TITANIUM DIOKSIDA (TiO2) Ratnawati Ratnawati; Linda A. Yoshi; Zaenal K.; Andri Y.
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol 19, No 2: JANUARI 2018
Publisher : Center for Science & Technology of Advanced Materials - National Nuclear Energy Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (304.715 KB) | DOI: 10.17146/jsmi.2018.19.2.4132

Abstract

White Colorant adalah bahan baku utama dalam proses pembuatan cat di depo yang dibuat dari pigment TiO2. Proses pembuatan white colorant memerlukan waktu dan energi pengadukan yang besar untuk mencampurkan bahan seperti binder, pigment, solvent dan zat aditif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan waktu dan kecepatan pengadukan yang optimal dari pencampuran bahan-bahan yang diperlukan agar diperoleh white colorant dari pigment TiO2 yang memenuhi spesifikasi yang diinginkan oleh Pabrik cat di Tangerang. Variasi yang dilakukan adalah kecepatan pengadukan (1000, 1100 dan 1200) rpm dan waktu pengadukan (10, 15, 20, 25 dan 30) menit. Hasil optimum yang didapatkan adalah ukuran partikel TiO2 sebesar 15 µm, viskositas 1900 cPs, total padatan 81,81%, warna DE 0,49 dan CR 98,12% pada kondisi kecepetan pengadukan 1200 rpm dan waktu 15 menit. Hasil ini sesuai dengan spesifikasi standard pabrik cat, yaitu ukuran partikel 10 µm hingga 30 µm, viskositas 1000 cPs hingga 6000 cPs, total padatan 79 % hingga 83%, warna DE sebesar 0,5, dan warna CR sebesar 80 % hingga 100%.
Degradation of Phenol in Pharmaceutical Wastewater using TiO2/Pumice and O3/Active Carbon R. Ratnawati; E. Enjarlis; Yuli Amalia Husnil; Marcelinus Christwardana; S. Slamet
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (448.679 KB) | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.4432.146-154

Abstract

Phenol is a toxic organic compound that detectable in the pharmaceutical wastewater, and therefore it should be eliminated. This study aims to degrade phenol in the pharmaceutical wastewater treatment using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) include the photocatalytic process applying Titanium Oxide (TiO2) that immobilized on pumice stone (PS), as well as ozone process with O3 and O3/granulated activated carbon (GAC). Degradation system used two configuration reactors that worked alternately at pH 3 and 9. Photocatalysis was conducted for 4 hours in the photoreactor that equipped with mercury lamp as a photon source, while ozonation was performed for 1 hour in the cylinder glass reactor contained an ozone generator. Phenol degradations were done by photocatalysis, ozonation, photocatalysis followed by ozonation and vice versa. The FESEM-EDS and XRD results depicted that TiO2 has impregnated on pumice stone and FESEM characterization also indicated that the photocatalyst spread across the surface of the pumice stone. BET analysis results in an increased surface area of the PS-TiO2 by 3.7 times, whereas bandgap energy down to 3 eV. It can be concluded that ozone process (with O3/GAC) that followed by photocatalysis at pH 9 could treat the liquid waste with phenol concentration 11.2 down to 1.2 ppm that nearly according to the discharge standards quality (1 ppm). Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Zinc Removal from ZnO Industrial Wastewater by Hydroxide Precipitation and Coagulation Methods: The Role of pH and Coagulant Dose Ratnawati Ratnawati; Marcelinus Christwardana; Sudirman Sudirma; Enjarlis Enjarlis
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri Vol. 11 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Balai Besar Standardisasi dan Pelayanan Jasa Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21771/jrtppi.2020.v11.no2.p35-42

Abstract

Liquid waste from the ZnO industry must be treated to meet the quality standards of wastewater into water bodies, according to the Minister of Environment Regulations No.5, 2014. It still contains 79 mg/L of Zn metal, cloudy with turbidity above 500 NTU, and COD value around 222 mg/L. This study aims to determine the effect of pH on reducing Zn metal and the coagulant dose to minimize turbidity and COD in liquid waste produced by the ZnO factory in Depok, West Java. The waste treatment has been carried out by adding alkaline to neutralize the acid conditions in the equalization basin. However, the results have not met the requirements. It is necessary to vary the pH (8.5; 9.0; 9.5; 10.0 and 10.5) to precipitate of Zn optimally, modify the dose of coagulants (50; 100 and 150 mg/L) and reaction times (10; 15 and 20 minutes) to reduce its turbidity and COD concentration. The best results were obtained at a pH of 9.5 with a coagulant dose of 50 mg/L and a reaction time of 10 minutes. This condition can reduce Zn concentration (79 to 3.71 mg/L), turbidity (557 to 1.42 NTU), COD (222 to 68 mg/L) with a removal efficiency of 95.3%; 99.7%; and 69.4% respectively. These values have met the standard requirements according to government regulations.
Upaya Penurunan Nilai COD Pada Limbah Tekstil Dan Batik Dengan Penambahan NaOCl Linda Aliffia Yoshi; Jessica Ambarwati Idat; Galuh Maulidyananda; Ratnawati
Al-Ard: Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2020): September
Publisher : Department of Environmental engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic State University Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29080/alard.v6i1.954

Abstract

Batik and textile production produces liquid waste with a COD content above the environmental quality standard between 2,000-12,000 ppm. Efforts to reduce the value of COD are helped by the addition of NaOCl. This study aims to determine the pH and dose of NaOCl against COD reduction. Textile liquid waste used came from factory X while batik liquid waste came from factory Y; both factories are located in South Tangerang. In this study, the pH range, 5, 7, and 9 and NaOCl concentrations were added in 3000, 4000, and 5000 ppm. The study begins with the measurement of the actual COD value in the two wastewater. The best results for batik waste were obtained at pH 5 with the addition of 4000 ppm NaOCl which resulted in a decrease of 93%. Textile liquid waste shows the best results at pH 5 with an additional 5000 ppm NaOCl concentration which can reduce COD by 95%. The final result of the COD value has met the quality standard set by the government which is less than 250 ppm.
Enhancing Hydrogen Generation using CdS-modified TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol as a Hole Scavenger Ratnawati Ratnawati; Slamet Slamet; Farah Diba Toya; Satrio Kuntolaksono
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 4 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.45139

Abstract

Nowadays, the lack of renewable energy such as hydrogen, and other environmental issues are problems that must be resolved. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is classified as a recalcitrant pollutant due to its carcinogenic properties, high toxicity, and dangers to the environment therefore it needs to be eliminated. Hydrogen production using organic pollutant (2,4,6-TCP solution) as a hole scavenger on CdS-TiO2 nanotube arrays photocatalyst (TNTA-CdS) has been investigated at various CdS loading on TNTA and the initial concentration of 2,4,6-TCP. The TNTA sample was prepared by anodization and followed by an electrodeposition method to decorate CdS on TNTA. The H2 which was generated by reduction H+ and the 2,4,6-TCP removal was performed simultaneously by photocatalysis with TNTA-CdS as photocatalyst. The mole ratio of CdCl2:CH3CSNH2 as precursors of CdS deposited on TNTA (CdS loading) were 0.1:0.06, 0.2:0.12, and 0.4:0.24 and the initial concentration of 2,4,6-TCP were 10, 20 and 40 ppm. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic performance of the variations in CdS loading on TNTA and initial concentration of 2,4,6-TCP toward hydrogen generation was investigated in a photoreactor for 240 minutes under visible light irradiation with a mercury lamp as a photon source. The CdS decorating on TNTA was confirmed by SEM, EDX, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. According to the UV-Vis and XRD analysis, the TNTA-CdS samples have bandgap energies in the range of 2.71 - 2.89 eV and comprise a 100% anatase phase. Based on the photocatalysis results, the optimum composition of CdS loading is 0.2:0.16 (TNTA-CdS-2) which produced the highest total hydrogen (2.155 mmol/g) compared to the other compositions and produced 1.5 times higher compared to TNTA at 40 ppm of 2,4,6-TCP.
ANALISIS STATISTIKA RATA-RATA SUHU TANAMAN HIDROPONIK BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ARDUINO MEGA 2560 Ratnawati Ratnawati; Saharudin Saharudin; Perak Samosir; Khadijah Khadijah
JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND SYSTEM CONTROL ENGINEERING Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Journal of Electrical and System Control Engineering
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/jesce.v6i1.7509

Abstract

Metode tanam hidroponik adalah salah satu metode bercocok tanam tanpa menggunakan tanah  tetapi menggunakan air yang mengandung nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Dalam metode tanam hidroponik diperlukan pemberian nutrisi pada tanaman secara akurat, oleh karenanya diperlukan suatu sistem untuk mengontrol kondisi tanaman agar dapat tumbuh seperti di tanah diantaranya dengan penggunaan sistem kontrol untuk mengendalikan suhu, kelembaban dan level air. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis statistika terhadap rata-rata suhu tanaman hidroponik selada keriting hijau (lactuca sativa) berbasis mikrokontroler arduino mega 2560. Hipotesis nol adalah rata-rata suhu tanaman selada sama dengan rata-rata suhu tumbuh selada di tanah yaitu 17,5°C. Dari hasil analisis data penelitian diperoleh rata-rata suhu tanaman selada adalah 17,67°C dengan nilai-p sebesar 0,301 > a = 0,05. Dengan demikian hipotesis nol diterima yang berarti bahwa dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler arduino mega 2560 dalam penelitian ini diperoleh rata-rata suhu tanaman selada keriting hijau, secara statistika sama dengan rata-rata suhu untuk tumbuh di tanah.
Adsorption of Phenol and Iron In Wastewater Using a Mixture of Active Carbon and Zeolite Modified with Chitosan Ratnawati Ratnawati; Rian Hidayat; M. Cece Ariwirdana; Kudrat Sunandar; Wahyudin Wahyudin
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol 24, No 1: OCTOBER 2022
Publisher : Center for Science & Technology of Advanced Materials - National Nuclear Energy Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/jsmi.2022.24.1.6691

Abstract

Phenol (C6H5OH) and iron (Fe2+) contained in electroplating industrial wastewater are toxic even at small concentrations. One of the effective methods to remove these compounds is adsorption because the method is easy and simple. Activated carbon and zeolite are types of adsorbents that are often used in wastewater treatment, but both types of adsorbents are not selective in certain chemicals. In this study, modification of zeolite and activated carbon with chitosan was carried out to adsorb waste containing phenol and Fe2+. The variations used were pH (7 and 9) and the adsorbent composition to study its effect on the adsorption of phenol in the presence of Fe2+. Adsorption was carried out in a bed with circulating waste for 2 hours. Feed at pH 9 with adsorbent mixed of zeolite-chitosan composite (Z-Ch) and activated carbon-chitosan composite (AC-Ch) in a ratio of 1:1 gave the optimal results. Under these conditions, 94% and 97% of phenol and Fe2+ were adsorbed, respectively.
Persepsi Pelaku Usaha terhadap Kebijakan Insentif dan Kemudahan Berusaha di Kabupaten Lebak Mutiara Eka Puspita; Aniek Sri Handayani; Ratnawati Ratnawati
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (377.897 KB) | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v7i2.6173

Abstract

Investasi yang berkelanjutan merupakan salah satu program yang tercantum padafase awal Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) 2020-2024.Target utama pada RPJMN 2020-2024 adalah Indonesia menjadi salah satu negaraupper-middle income dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi diharapkan meningkat dengannilai rarta-rata 5,7-6,0 persen. Untuk merealisasikan hal tersebut, perlu dukungandari pemerintah daerah untuk meningkatkan investasi sehingga disahkan PeraturanPemerintah No 24 tahun 2019 tentang Pemberian Insentif dan Kemudahan Investasidi daerah. Setiap pemerintah daerah dapat menerapkan jenis kebijakan insentif dankemudahan investasi dengan menyesuaikan karakteristik daearah. Analisiskebijakan insentif dan kemudahan investasi dari sisi pelaku usaha perlu dilakukanagar kebijakan insentif dan kemudahan investasi yang diterapkan dapat tepatsasaran serta efektif dalam mendorong pertumbuhan investasi daerah. Dengan mixmethod melalui focus group discussion dan penyebaran kuesioner, diperolehperingkat jenis kebijakan insentif dan kemudahn berusaha yang dapat diterapkan diKabupaten Lebak.
Enhancing Hydrogen Generation using CdS-modified TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol as a Hole Scavenger Ratnawati Ratnawati; Slamet Slamet; Farah Diba Toya; Satrio Kuntolaksono
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 4 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.45139

Abstract

Nowadays, the lack of renewable energy such as hydrogen, and other environmental issues are problems that must be resolved. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is classified as a recalcitrant pollutant due to its carcinogenic properties, high toxicity, and dangers to the environment therefore it needs to be eliminated. Hydrogen production using organic pollutant (2,4,6-TCP solution) as a hole scavenger on CdS-TiO2 nanotube arrays photocatalyst (TNTA-CdS) has been investigated at various CdS loading on TNTA and the initial concentration of 2,4,6-TCP. The TNTA sample was prepared by anodization and followed by an electrodeposition method to decorate CdS on TNTA. The H2 which was generated by reduction H+ and the 2,4,6-TCP removal was performed simultaneously by photocatalysis with TNTA-CdS as photocatalyst. The mole ratio of CdCl2:CH3CSNH2 as precursors of CdS deposited on TNTA (CdS loading) were 0.1:0.06, 0.2:0.12, and 0.4:0.24 and the initial concentration of 2,4,6-TCP were 10, 20 and 40 ppm. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic performance of the variations in CdS loading on TNTA and initial concentration of 2,4,6-TCP toward hydrogen generation was investigated in a photoreactor for 240 minutes under visible light irradiation with a mercury lamp as a photon source. The CdS decorating on TNTA was confirmed by SEM, EDX, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. According to the UV-Vis and XRD analysis, the TNTA-CdS samples have bandgap energies in the range of 2.71 - 2.89 eV and comprise a 100% anatase phase. Based on the photocatalysis results, the optimum composition of CdS loading is 0.2:0.16 (TNTA-CdS-2) which produced the highest total hydrogen (2.155 mmol/g) compared to the other compositions and produced 1.5 times higher compared to TNTA at 40 ppm of 2,4,6-TCP.
Co-Authors Andri Y. Aniek S Handayani Aniek Sri Handayani Aniek Sri Handayani Annisa Nurul Syabila Athanasia Amanda Septevani E. Enjarlis Farah Diba Toya Galuh Maulidyananda Is S Purwaningsih Iyus Hendrawan Jessica Ambarwati Idat Joko Noveriarto Khadijah Khadijah kudrat sunandar Linda A. Yoshi Linda Aliffia Yoshi, Linda Aliffia M. Cece Ariwirdana Marcelinus Christwardana Muhamad Rofi Zul Qois Mutiara Eka Puspita Ni Made Sudri Perak Samosir Rian Hidayat S. Slamet Saharudin Saharudin Satrio Kuntolaksono Slamet Slamet Sudirman Sudirma Surya Aji Wibawa Wahyudin Wahyudin Yalun Arifin Yuli Amalia Husnil Yuli Amalia Husnil Zaenal K.