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An Empirical Model for Build-Up of Sodium and Calcium Ions in Small Scale Reverse Osmosis Nasir, Subriyer
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 14, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

A simple models for predicting build-up of solute on membrane surface were formulated in this paper. The experiments were conducted with secondary effluent, groundwater and simulated feed water in small-scale of RO with capacity of 2000 L/d. Feed water used in the experiments contained varying concentrations of sodium, calcium, combined sodium and calcium. In order to study the effect of sodium and calcium ions on membrane performance, experiments with ground water and secondary effluent wastewater were also performed. Build-up of salts on the membrane surface was calculated by measuring concentrations of sodium and calcium ions in feed water permeate and reject streams using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Multiple linear regression of natural logarithmic transformation was used to develop the model based on four main parameters that affect the build-up of solute in a small scale of RO namely applied pressure, permeate flux, membrane resistance, and feed concentration. Experimental data obtained in a small scale RO unit were used to develop the empirical model. The predicted values of theoretical build-up of sodium and calcium on membrane surface were found in agreement with experimental data. The deviation in the prediction of build-up of sodium and calcium were found to be 1.4 to 10.47 % and 1.12 to 4.46%, respectively.
Effective Ammonia Removal from Hospital Wastewater by Using a Combination of Filtrations and Bio-Adsorbent from Tea Waste Ariani, Shinta; Nasir, Subriyer; Melwita, Elda
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability Vol. 8 No. 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Magister Program of Material Science, Graduate School of Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2024.8.4.145-153

Abstract

Hospital wastewater contains a high concentration of ammonia that exceed the predetermined quality standards and can cause pollution to the environment. Therefore, the treatment of hospital wastewater is required prior to being released to the environment. Effective ammonia removal process has been developed by using a combination of sponge filtration pretreatment, followed by adsorption using activated carbon from waste of tea leaves, and nanofiltration using ceramic membrane as the final process. Experiment results show the highest effectiveness of ammonia removal of 70% by using filtration only. Effectiveness is increases up to 95% by a combination of filtration and adsorption. A maximum effectiveness of 100% is achieved when using a combination of filtration, adsorption, and nanofiltration. This combination produces an optimal condition for the ammonia removal by using 3 L/min flowrate, adsorbent mass 140 g, and operating time 15 minutes at which the ammonia concentration is 0.08 mg/L. This concentration is below the standard of allowable ammonia concentration of 0.1 mg/L.
Ultrafiltration-based drinking water service for SDG 6 in Pulau Kemarau Herlina, Herlina; Nasir, Subriyer; Agustina, Sri; Bayusari, Ike; Hermawati, Hermawati; Caroline, Caroline; Rahmawati, Rahmawati; Adipradana, Wirawan; Rendyansyah, Rendyansyah
Journal of Community Service and Empowerment Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/jcse.v7i1.44032

Abstract

This community service activity aimed to deploy, and commission decentralized drinking-water service points for a river-dependent community on Kemarau Island, Palembang, supporting Sustainable Development Goal 6 by expanding access to treated water at low operating cost. A needs-based field procedure included a site survey, raw-water intake assessment, demand and electrical-load estimation, UF–solar pumping system design, component selection, and installation of a 300 Wp photovoltaic array (3×100 Wp), a 100 Ah battery, a controller/inverter unit, a 450 W pump, an ultrafiltration (UF) unit, and 250 L/600 L storage tanks. The system then underwent commissioning tests (leak checks, pump start–stop tests, and continuous-run trials), operator training, and formal handover to the neighbourhood association. Results showed stable operation of the intake pump–UF pump–storage tank series. The 250 L treated-water tank filled within 20–30 minutes, indicating an effective flow rate of 8.3–12.5 L/min (≈500–750 L/h). Water appeared clearer and odourless, and pH increased from 5.5 (raw water) to 6.9 (treated water). The system demonstrated service readiness and initial treatment performance and may reduce reliance on grid/diesel pumping; however, routine logs and scheduled laboratory testing for turbidity and microbiological indicators are required to verify long-term water safety.