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The Effect of Carbon Nanotube Composite Addition on Biomass-Based Supercapacitor Widiatmoko, Pramujo; Devianto, Hary; Nurdin, Isdiriayani; Yandra, Ridho Eka
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 48, No 5 (2016)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Electric vehicles are set to become a most attractive alternative transportation mode due to their high efficiency and low emission. Electric vehicles require an efficient energy storage system, e.g. a supercapacitor. Coconut shells have high lignocellulosic content and are not being fully utilized in Indonesia. The lignocellulose could be converted into activated carbon for use as the electrode on a hybrid supercapacitor. This research focused on studying the effect of the addition of carbon nanotube (CNT) composite to porous graphene-like nanosheets (PGNS) as the electrode on a hybrid supercapacitor. The PGNS and CNT composite were synthesized via simultaneous activation and carbonization. Nickel oxide was used as the counter electrode. The CNT composite had a large surface area of 1374.8 m2g-1, pore volume of 1.1 cm3g, and pore size of 3.2 nm. On the other hand, the PGNS had a surface area of 666.1 m2g-1, pore volume of 0.47 cm3g, and pore size of 2.8 nm. The electrode pair between the NiO and the activated carbon achieved 5.69 F/g and 94.1% cycle durability after 10 charging and discharging cycles. The composite had an energy density of 0.38 W h kg-1. The aim of this research was to provide an alternative formula for producing high-performance supercapacitor materials.

DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRODE DEPOSITION METHODS FOR SCALE-UP OF DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS Mutiari, Anies; Ananda, Wisnu; Widiatmoko, Pramujo; Devianto, Hary; Nurdin, Isdiriayani; Adriaan, Adriaan; Utomo, Mhd Ridho; Koto, Hilham Zamriko
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 52, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This research studied the effect of electrode deposition method on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Four deposition methods (bar coating, doctor blade coating, screen printing, and spray coating) were compared. For commercial production purposes, applicability of the methods to a scaled-up DSSC was studied. In order to minimize the production cost, commercial activated carbon was utilized as counter electrode. The experimental results showed that the doctor blade technique provided the best DSSC performance among the investigated methods. Based on the study of cell I-V characteristics, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSC with an electrode active area of 70 cm2 was significantly lower than with 5 cm2 despite using the same deposition method. The electrochemical characteristics of the cells were further studied using electrochemical impedance analysis.

Inhibisi korosi baja dalam air laur mengandung sulfida menggunakan glutaraldehida Larisa Deviyani; Isdiriayani Nurdin
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 5, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2006.5.1.2

Most of steel corrosion on process equipment using seawater as utilities is due to corrosive seawater contaminants; one of which is sulfide. Corrosion control, which is commonly applied to steel in sulfide containing seawater, is chemical inhibition. In this research, the influence of H2S concentration on corrosion of steel in artificial seawater, and determination of the optimum doses of glutaraldehyde as corrosion inhibitor, are carried out by corrosion rate measurement according Tafel method; while prediction of inhibition mechanism is studied according to cyclic voltammetry method. The experimental result shows that steel is readily corroded in artificial seawater. Addition of H2S to artificial seawater increases corrosion rate. Glutaraldehiyde is an effective corrosion inhibitor for steel in seawater contaminated by H2S. The highest inhibition effectiveness on steel corrosion in seawater contaminated by 250 ppm H2S is 99.99%, which is obtained by adding of 80 ppm glutaraldehiyde. Generally, the oxidation reaction of steel in artificial seawater contaminated by H2S and inhibited with glutaraldehyde, is a one step irreversible reaction giving unstable product. Glutaraldehyde inhibits corrosion reaction through adsorption on steel surface, proven by reduction of corrosion product quantity.Keywords: Corrosion Inhibitor, Steel, Glutaraldehyde, Sulfide. AbstrakKorosi peralatan proses terbuat dari bajayang menggunakan air laut sebagai air utilitas disebabkan oleh kontaminan air laut yang bersifat korosif, salah satunya adalah sulfida. Pengendalian korosi baja dalam air laut mengandung sulfida dilakukan dengan penambahan inhibitor. Pada penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi H2S dalam air laut terhadap korosi baja, serta menentukan dosis optimum glutaraldehida sebagai inhibitor korosi, dilakukan pengukuran laju korosi baja dengan metoda Tafel, dan perkiraan mekanisme inhibisi dengan metode voltameri siklik. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa baja terkorosi dalam air laut tiruan. Penambahan H2S dalam air laut tiruan meningkatkan laju korosi baja. Glutaraldehida efektif sebagai inhibitor korosi baja dalam air laut terkontaminasi H2S, dengan keefektifan inhibisi tertinggi adalah 99,99%, yang diperoleh dengan penambahan 80 ppm glutaraldehida ke dalam air laut tiruan yang mengandung 250 ppm H2S. Secara umum reaksi oksidasi baja dalam air laut tiruan terkontaminasi H2S dengan penambahan glutaraldehida berlangsung dalam satu tahap, merupakan reaksi irreversibel dengan produk reaksi yang bersifat tidak stabil. Inhibitor glutaraldehida menghambat korosi dengan cara teradsorbsi dipermukaan pelat baja, terbukti dengan penurunan kuantitas produk korosi.Kata Kunci: Inhibitor Korosi, Baja, Glutaraldehida, Sulfida

Korosi Alumunim dalam larutan asam sitrat Andreas Yoppy Aprianto Prasetya; Isdiriayani Nurdin
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 11, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2012.11.2.8

The corrosion of Allumunium in citric acid sollutionCitric acid is a carboxylic acid that is widely used as an additive in the beverage industry. Aluminum cans are often used as a beverage packaging due to its lightweight, space efficient, and low production costs. Contact between citric acid and the aluminum cans may cause corrosion reactions that lead contamination of beverages by corrosion products. This study aims to test the aluminum resistance against citric acid at the concentration of 1, 2, and 4 %-wt, and temperature of 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C. The specimen used is a 1 cm2 aluminum plate with a purity of 99.07%. The experiment consists of aluminum corrosion rate measurements using the Tafel method and aluminum corrosion mechanism prediction using cyclic-voltammetry method. The research results show that aluminum is corroded into Al3+ by citric acid solution in a one-stage reaction with activation energy of 65.01 kJ/mol. The corrosion products are not stable, it forms amorphous aluminum salts. The aluminum corrosion rate increases with rising citric acid concentration and temperature that can be classified in "negligible" to "medium" category.Keywords: aluminum, citric acid concentration, corrosion, temperature AbstrakAsam sitrat merupakan asam karboksilat yang banyak digunakan sebagai aditif pada industri minuman. Kaleng aluminium sering dipakai sebagai kemasan minuman karena sifatnya yang ringan, efisien ruang, dan biaya produksinya rendah. Kontak asam sitrat dengan kemasan berupa kaleng aluminium dapat menyebabkan reaksi korosi yang berujung kontaminasi produk korosi terhadap minuman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketahanan aluminium terhadap korosivitas asam sitrat pada konsentrasi 1, 2, dan 4 %-b, serta temperatur 40 °C, 50 °C, dan 60 °C. Logam yang digunakan merupakan pelat aluminium dengan kemurnian 99,07% dan luas permukaan 1 cm2. Penelitian mencakup pengukuran laju korosi aluminium dengan metoda Tafel dan prediksi mekanisme korosi aluminium dengan metoda voltametri siklik. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa aluminium terkorosi dalam larutan asam sitrat menjadi Al3+ dengan satu tahap reaksi searah dan energi aktivasi sebesar 65,01 kJ/mol. Produknya bersifat tidak stabil, langsung membentuk garam aluminium amorf. Laju korosi aluminium meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi asam sitrat dan temperatur, termasuk golongan korosi “dapat diabaikan” hingga “sedang”.Kata kunci: aluminium, konsentrasi asam sitrat, korosi, temperatur

Pengaruh krom pada elektrodeposisi nikel dari larutan nikel-krom Pramujo Widiatmoko; Isdiriayani Nurdin
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 10, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2011.10.2.2

The chromium effect on nickel electrodeposition from nickel-chromium solution Electrodeposition, which can convert nickel ion into pure nickel metal, is an alternative for reducing nickel concentration in electroplating waste and in same time increasing its economic value. The aim of this research is to study the effect of chromium presence on the performance of Nickel recovery from liquid waste of Ni-Cr electroplating process. Liquid of electroplating waste leachate is represented by solutions containing nickel and chromium sulfate method. All experiments were carried out at ambient temperature and pressure with Cr/Ni ratio and boric acid composition as variables. Result of the research shows that chromium presence in solution with 28.9% Cr/Ni ratio increases activation polarization of about 500 mV. Optimum condition of the experiment is obtained for Cr/Ni ratio 3.7%-w. Increasing Cr/Ni ratio from 3.7% to 14.8% decreases current efficiency by 57% and deposition efficiency by 5%, and also increases energy consumption by 8.3%. Morphology of deposited nickel deteriorates with increasing of Cr/Ni ratio and hydroxide compound is formed when it reaches 14.8%. Keywords: nickel electrodeposition, nickel-chromium solution, chromium, electroplating wasteAbstrakElektrodeposisi merupakan metode alternatif yang potensial untuk mengurangi kandungan nikel dari limbah elektroplating sekaligus meningkatkan nilai ekonomisnya, dengan produk berupa logam nikel murni. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkuantifikasi pengaruh krom dalam proses pemulihan nikel dari larutan limbah industri yang mengandung nikel dan krom. Nikel sulfat dan krom sulfat digunakan sebagai pendekatan larutan hasil ekstraksi limbah padat. Percobaan dilakukan pada tekanan dan temperatur ruang dengan variasi rasio krom terhadap nikel serta konsentrasi asam borat sebagai aditif. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan krom dengan rasio Cr/Ni 28,9% meningkatkan polarisasi aktivasi sekitar 500 mV. Kondisi optimum untuk percobaan ini diperoleh ketika rasio Cr/Ni 3,7%-berat. Perubahan rasio Cr/Ni dalam larutan dari 3,7% menjadi 14,8% menurunkan efisiensi arus sebesar 57%, menurunkan efisiensi deposisi 5%, serta meningkatkan kebutuhan energi hingga 8,3%. Morfologi deposit nikel menjadi lebih buruk dengan kenaikan rasio Cr/Ni, dan berubah menjadi deposit hidroksida pada rasio Cr/Ni 14,8%.Kata kunci: elektrodeposisi nikel, larutan nikel-krom, krom, limbah elektroplating

Kinerja kalium metavanadat sebagai inhibitor korosi baja karbon rendah dalam lingkungan klorida dan sulfida Isdiriayani Nurdin; R Asri Pratiwi; Aditya Farhan A; Fikri Anggara P; Rennie Sari
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 7, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2008.7.3.3

Inhibitor addition is one of the common corrosion control methods. Potassium metavanadate (KVO3) is the common corrosion inhibitor for Benfield solution in CO2 absorber. Former research shows that KVO3 is also able to inhibit the corrosion in seawater containing Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) due to its capacity as biocide. Chloride and Sulfide are common corrosive ions found in process fluids in industries. Therefore, this research is carried out to study the performance of KVO3 as a corrosion inhibitor for low- carbon steel in chloride and sulfide contaminated environment. The objective of this research was achieved by measuring low-carbon steel corrosion rate in various concentrations of contaminants. The corrosion rate was measured by Tafel method. The corrosion inhibition mechanisms were studied using cyclic voltammetry method. Meanwhile the corrosion products were identified by X - ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD). This research results that KVO3 is an effective corrosion inhibitor in chloride environment when the chloride concentration ranges between 20 g/L and 30 g/L. In this range of concentration, KVO3 performs more than 99% efficiency. While in sulfide environment, KVO3 is an ineffective corrosion inhibitor. On the other hand, the addition of KVO3 reduces the corrosion rate of carbon steel in seawater containing sulfide, although its performance does not meet the effective inhibitor criteria. Higher concentration of sulfide results the higher inhibition efficiency of KVO3.Keywords: Potassium metavanadate, low - carbon steel, corrosion inhibitor AbstrakPenambahan inhibitor merupakan salah satu metode pengendalian korosi. Kalium metavanadat (KVO3) sering digunakan sebagai inhibitor korosi pada absorber CO2 yang menggunakan larutan Benfield. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa KVO3 mampu menginhibisi korosi baja karbon rendah dalam air laut yang mengandung bakteri pereduksi sulfat (SRB) dengan bertindak sebagai biosida. Klorida dan sulfida merupakan ion-ion korosif yang umum ditemui dalam fluida proses di industri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari kinerja KVO3 sebagai inhibitor korosi baja karbon rendah dalam lingkungan akuatik yang terkontaminasi klorida, ataupun sulfida. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dilakukan pengukuran laju korosi baja karbon rendah dengan jenis dan konsentrasi kontaminan bervariasi. Pengukuran laju korosi dilakukan dengan metode Tafel. Mekanisme inhibisi diprediksi dengan metode voltametri siklik. Sedangkan produk korosi diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan spektrometri difraksi sinar X (XRD). Dari penelitian ini, diperoleh hasil bahwa KVO3 efektif sebagai inhibitor korosi baja karbon rendah pada lingkungan klorida berkonsentrasi antara 20 g/L hingga 30 g/L dengan efisiensi di atas 99%. Pada lingkungan sulfida, KVO3 kurang efektif menginhibisi korosi baja karbon rendah. Sedangkan pada air laut sintetik yang mengandung sulfida, walaupun belum termasuk kategori inhibitor efektif, namun KVO3 dapat menurunkan laju korosi baja karbon dengan efisiensi inhibisi yang meningkat seiring dengan kenaikan konsentrasi sulfida.Kata kunci: kalium metavanadat, baja karbon rendah, inhibitor korosi

KETAHANAN KOROSI PADUAN Al-Mg 5052 DI DALAM AIR PENDINGIN NETRAL MENGANDUNG KLORIDA Dicky Tri Jatmiko; Isdiriayani Nurdin; Hary Devianto
Urania : Jurnal Ilmiah Daur Bahan Bakar Nuklir Vol 21, No 2 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : website

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/urania.2015.21.2.2263

KETAHANAN KOROSI PADUAN Al-Mg 5052 DI DALAM AIR PENDINGIN NETRAL MENGANDUNG KLORIDA. Paduan Al-Mg 5052 adalah material yang biasa digunakan untuk kelongsong elemen bakar nuklir karena serapan fluks netronnya rendah dan tahan korosi di dalam air demineralisasi pada kondisi operasi reaktor. Makalah ini difokuskan untuk mengetahui ketahanan korosi paduan Al-Mg 5052 di dalam air dengan pH netral dan mengandung klorida sebagai pengganti air demineralisasi pendingin primer Reaktor Serba Guna GA Siwabessy (RSG-GAS). Penelitian mencakup pengukuran laju korosi menggunakan metode Tafel, prediksi mekanisme korosi menggunakan metode voltametri siklik dan analisa produk korosi dengan metode difraksi sinar X. Percobaan dilakukan dengan variasi temperatur 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, dan 45°C, serta variasi konsentrasi larutan natrium klorida 0,05 M, 0,25 M, dan 0,5 M. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa paduan Al-Mg 5052 terkorosi dengan kategori “dapat diabaikan” hingga “sedang” dalam larutan natrium klorida menjadi produk yang larut dalam air pada satu tahap reaksi oksidasi irreversible. CORROSION RESISTANCE OF Al-Mg ALLOY 5052 IN CHLORIDE CONTAINING NEUTRAL COOLING WATER. Al-Mg alloy 5052 is a material used as nuclear fuel element cladding due to its low neutron flux absorption and high corrosion resistance in demineralized water. This research is focused to know of the corrosion resistance of Al-Mg alloy 5052 in chloride containing neutral water used as demineralized primary cooling water substitute in GA Siwabessy Multi Purpose Reactor (RSG-GAS). This research covers the corrosion rate measurement using the Tafel method, corrosion process prediction using cyclic voltammetry method and corrosion product analysis using X-Ray Diffraction method. The experiments are carried out at temperature variation of 30°C, 35°C, 40°C and 45°C, as well as sodium chloride concentration of 0.05 M, 0.25 M and 0.5 M. The research results show that Al-Mg alloy 5052 is insignificantly to moderate corroded in chloride containing water by single step irreversible oxidation reaction.

The Effect of Carbon Nanotube Composite Addition on Biomass-Based Supercapacitor Pramujo Widiatmoko; Hary Devianto; Isdiriayani Nurdin; Ridho Eka Yandra
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 48 No. 5 (2016)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2016.48.5.7

Electric vehicles are set to become a most attractive alternative transportation mode due to their high efficiency and low emission. Electric vehicles require an efficient energy storage system, e.g. a supercapacitor. Coconut shells have high lignocellulosic content and are not being fully utilized in Indonesia. The lignocellulose could be converted into activated carbon for use as the electrode on a hybrid supercapacitor. This research focused on studying the effect of the addition of carbon nanotube (CNT) composite to porous graphene-like nanosheets (PGNS) as the electrode on a hybrid supercapacitor. The PGNS and CNT composite were synthesized via simultaneous activation and carbonization. Nickel oxide was used as the counter electrode. The CNT composite had a large surface area of 1374.8 m2g-1, pore volume of 1.1 cm3g, and pore size of 3.2 nm. On the other hand, the PGNS had a surface area of 666.1 m2g-1, pore volume of 0.47 cm3g, and pore size of 2.8 nm. The electrode pair between the NiO and the activated carbon achieved 5.69 F/g and 94.1% cycle durability after 10 charging and discharging cycles. The composite had an energy density of 0.38 W h kg-1. The aim of this research was to provide an alternative formula for producing high-performance supercapacitor materials.

Development of Electrode Deposition Methods for Scale-up of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Anies Mutiari; Wisnu Ananda; Pramujo Widiatmoko; Hary Devianto; Isdiriayani Nurdin; Adriaan Adriaan; Mhd Ridho Utomo; Hilham Zamriko Koto
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 52 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2020.52.1.6

This research studied the effect of electrode deposition method on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Four deposition methods (bar coating, doctor blade coating, screen printing, and spray coating) were compared. For commercial production purposes, applicability of the methods to a scaled-up DSSC was studied. In order to minimize the production cost, commercial activated carbon was utilized as counter electrode. The experimental results showed that the doctor blade technique provided the best DSSC performance among the investigated methods. Based on the study of cell I-V characteristics, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSC with an electrode active area of 70 cm2 was significantly lower than with 5 cm2 despite using the same deposition method. The electrochemical characteristics of the cells were further studied using electrochemical impedance analysis.

Hazard Assessment of LNG Loading-Unloading Process in Cirebon Port Hary Devianto; Mitra Eviani; Pramujo Widiatmoko; Isdiriayani Nurdin
Reaktor Volume 18 No. 2 June 2018
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Cirebon Port has spacious work and water area that provides opportunities to be developed in industrial sectors, particularly the petrochemical industries such as ethylene and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). In atmospheric condition, they are classified as volatile gas. Either in processing or transporting, they are stored in closed system. However, they still have a probability to be released to the environment and may lead to a fire or explosion. This probability is increased in the existence of coal stockpile in the port area which can evoke a fire. Therefore, a safety study is needed to identify the risk of the loading-unloading activities. The problem was solved by following steps. First, the data such as physical properties, layout area, and geographical condition around the port were collected. Then, the hazardous nodes were identified qualitatively, and then the quantitative analysis was done using As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) analysis. From the safety study, a suitable handling and safety system is provided to ensure safety viability in the ethylene and LNG loading-unloading process at the Cirebon port.Keywords: ethylene; hazard assessment; LNG; loading-unloading process; Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA)

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