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The utilization of rock phosphate (natural defluorinated calcium phosphate or NDCP) in laying hens diet to replace dicalcium phosphate Sinurat, A.P; Dharsana, R; Pasaribu, T; Panggabean, T; Habiebie, A
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 2, No 2 (1996)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

An experimentwas conducted to study the utilization of local rock phosphate or natural defluorinated calcium phosphate (NDCP) as phosphorus source for layer chickens by using the imported dicalcium phosphate (DCP) as a reference. Eight experimental diets consisted of 2 source of phosphorus (DCP and NDCP) and 4 dietary total P levels (0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7%) were formulated. Each diet was fed to 24 pullets (6 replicates with 4 birds each) from 20 weeks of age to 14 weeks of egg production. Observations were made on feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, mortality, egg quality, Ca and P retention and ash content of tibial bones . Results showed no significant effect of different source and level of Â phosphorus tested on egg production (% HD), feed consumption, egg weight and mortality rates . Egg shell thickness was depressed in NDCP diet as compared with DCP, however this only occurred at firstmonth of production. It is concluded that the NDCP can be used in layers diet to replace DCP as phosphorus source. The relative biological value of phosphorus inNDCP is 96% for layers. Â Keywords: Rock phosphate, NDCP, layers, phosphorous

The application of feeding standard on weaned exotic pigs productivity Aritonang, Djamuara; Silalahi, M; Pasaribu, T; Batubara, L.P; Manihuruk, K; Doloksaribu, M
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 2, No 3 (1997)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of feeding standard on performances of weaned pigs . The experiment used 24 weaned exotic pigs aged 6 weeks averaged body weight 10 .7 kg for 14 weeks observation. Three different diets i .e . farmers formula (R), commercial diet (K) and standard diet according to NRC recommendation (S) were evaluated . The results showed that S diet on pigs produced better growth rate, feed consumption, feed conversion, cost and profit than other diets and K diet produced better feed conversion than R diet. Carry over effect of the treatments on the growth rate, feed conversion, cost and profit showed that pigs received S diet performed better than those received other diets . But,R diet gave the lowest cost and higher profit than Kdiet. These results concluded that S diet produced the best performance and profitable and produced carry over effect on pigs performances and can be recommended to farmers . Â Keywords : Feeding standard, exotic pig

Nutritive value of fermented coconut meal in ration of laying ducks with various phosphorous levels Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, T; Habiebie, A; Pasaribu, T; Hamid, H; Rosida, J; Haryati, T; Sutikno, I
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 3, No 1 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

A series of experiment was conducted to improve the utilization of coconut meal in poultry ration . A bioprocess (fermentation) approach was adopted. Coconut meal was fermented followed by an enzymatic process at room temperature or 50 OC.The nutritive value of the fermented products was determined chemically. Product with the highest nutritive value was then used for a feeding trial to study the interaction effect between dietary levels of fermented coconut meal and phosphorous level on the performances of laying ducks. Nine experimental diets were formulated, i.e ., the factorial of 3 levels of fermented coconut meal (0, 30 and 40%) and 3 levels of total phosphorous (0.6, 0.8 and 1 .0%) . The diet was fed to pullet ducks and the performances of the ducks were observed for 16 weeks of production period. The results showed that the nutritive value of coconut meal increased by fermentation and the highest yield was achieved when the enzymatic process was performed at 500C. There was no significant interaction effect between dietary fermented coconut meal levels and the phosphorous levels on all parameters observed, except on egg weight. Inclusion of fermented coconut meal in the ration up to 30% did not produce negative effects on the productivity oflaying ducks, however, higher levels (40%) ofinclusion reduced the egg size Â Keywords: Coconut meal, fermentation, ducks, egg production

Utilization of palm oil sludge in poultry diet: 2. Dried palm oil sludge and its fermented product for growing drakes Sinurat, Arnold P; Bintang, I.A.K; Purwadaria, T; Pasaribu, T
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Inclusion limit of palm oil sludge (POS) in poultry diet varies according to processing, and species or strain of the animal. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the utilization of fermented (FPOS) and non-fermented palm oil sludge (POS) for growing drakes. A number of 224 one week-old male ducklings were randomly distributed into 7 dietary treatments, with 4 replicates and 8 ducklings for each replicate. The dietary treatment consists of 2 kinds of feedstuffs (POS and FPOS) with 3 levels (5, 10, and 15%) and one control diet consisting neither POS nor FPOS. All diets were formulated with similar nutrient contents and meet the requirement of growing duckling and fed to 8 weeks old. The results showed that at the first week of the trial, feeding of POS or FPOS significantly (P<0.05) depressed growth of the ducklings, although the feed consumption was higher than the control. However, overall performances (body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion) of the ducklings, carcass yield, liver weight, gizzard weight and abdominal fat weight measured at the end of the trial were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. Therefore, it is concluded that it is safe to include POS or FPOS up to 15% in the diet of growing ducklings. Â Key words: Palm oil sludge, fermentation, ducks, growth

Utilization of palm oilsludge in poultry diet: 3. Inclusion of fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge in broilerâs diet Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, Tatty; Pasaribu, T; Darma, J; Bintang, I.A.K; Togatorop, M.H
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Drying proces, especially with heating often affects the nutritive values of feed ingredients. Therefore, this experiment was designed to study the responses of broiler chickens when fed with ration containing fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge(FPOS). Experimental diets with different levels of fresh or dried FPOS (5, 10, and 15% equally to dried FPOS) were formulated with similar nutrient contents. A control diet with no FPOS was also included. Each diet was fed to 30 broiler chickens (5 replicates of 6 birds) for 5 weeks. Performances (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, and mortalities) of chickens were recorded. Carcass percentage and abdominal fat content was also measured at the end of feeding trial. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design and different between means were tested by orthogonal contrast procedures. Results of the experiment showed that body weight gain (BWG) of control birds was not significantlydifferent with BWG of birds fed with FPOS. Birds fed with dried FLS gain more weight Â than those fed with fresh FPOS (1048 vs 981 g/bird). Increasing of dietary FPOS levels decreased BWG, but 10% inclusion was still tolerable. Feed consumption of control diet was significantly (P<0.05) less than feed consumption of diet with FPOS. Increasing of dried FPOS to 15% did not affect feed consumption, but increasing of fresh FPOS significantly increased feed consumption. Feed conversion (FCR) of control diet was significantly better than the FPOS diet (2.07 vs 2.13). Increasing levels of dried FPOS from 5 to 10% did not affect the FCR, but further increasing to 15% significantly worsen the FCR. Increasing of fresh FPOS from 5 to 10 or 15 significantly worsen the FCR. Dry matter intake, mortalities, carcass percentage, liver weight, and abdominal fat levels of broilers were not significantly affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Conversion of feed dry matter to body weight gain of control diet was not significantly (P>0.05) different with those diets with FPOS. However, dry matter conversion of dried FPOS was significantly better than the fresh FPOS. Increasing levels of FLS from 5 to 15 significantly worsen the feed dry matter conversion but not with inclusion of 10% FPOS. Therefore, it is concluded that there is no superior advantage of feeding fresh FPOS as compared with dried FPOS. Inclusion of 10% dried or fresh FPOS in the diets did not affect growth performances of broiler chickens. Â Key words: Palm oil sludge, dried, fermented, broilers

Utilization of palm oil sludge in poultry diet. 4. Inclusion of fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge in native chickens diet Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, T; Pasaribu, T; Darma, J; Bintang, I.A.K; Togatorop, M.H
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 3 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Fermentation processes increase the protein of palm oil sludge and produce some useful enzymes. However, drying process, especially with heating often affects the nutritive values of feed ingredients and the enzymes activity. Therefore, this experiment was designed to study the responses of native chickens when fed ration containing fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge(FPOS). Experimental diets with different levels of fresh or dried FPOS (5, 10 and 15% equal to dried FPOS) were Â formulatedwith similar nutrient contents. A control diet with no FPOS was also included. Each treatment was replicated 5 Â times for 12weeks. Performances (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality) of chickens were Â recorded. Carcass yield,abdominal fat content, weight of liver and gizzard were measured at the end of feeding trial. Data Â were subjected to analysis ofvariance and different between means were tested by orthogonal procedures. Results during the Â starting period showed that,chickens fed FPOS diet gain more weight significantly than the control birds (298.1 vs. 264.7). Â The dry matter intake of the dryFPOS diet was significantly better than the fresh FPOS diet (2.88 vs. 3.32). The FPOS Â dietary levels did not affect body weightgain and dry matter intake of native chickens, significantly. However, increasing the Â FPOS levels worsen the dry matterconversion (DCR) significantly. Data during 12 weeks trial showed mat the body weight Â gain was not significantly affected bytreatments. The dry matter intake of the FPOS diets were significantly higher than the Â control diet (3469 vs. 3065 g/bird), hencethe DCR of the control diet was significantly better than the FPOS diets (3.28 vs. Â 3.62). Feeding dry FPOS resulted in a betterDCR as compared to fresh FPOS (3.48 vs. 3.76), but not affected the dry matter Â intake. The FPOS dietary levels did not affectbody weight gain and dry matter intake of native chickens, significantly. Â However, inclusion of 5% FPOS in me diet gave betterDCR significantly, as compared with 15% FPOS (3.51 vs. 3.83). Â Feeding dry or fresh FPOS (5 - 15%) did not significantlyaffect the mortality, carcass yield, abdominal fat levels, weight of Â liver and weight of gizzard of native chickens. It is concludedthat dry FPOS was better than the fresh FPOS and could be Â included in me native chickens diet up to 10%. Â Key words: Palm oil sludge, fermentation, native chickens

Utilization of palm oil sludge in poultry diet. 4. Inclusion of fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge in native chickens diet Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, T; Pasaribu, T; Darma, J; Bintang, I.A.K; Togatorop, M.H
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 4 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Fermentation processes increase the protein of palm oil sludge and produce some useful enzymes. However, drying process, especially with heating often affects the nutritive values of feed ingredients and the enzymes activity. Therefore, this experiment was designed to study the responses of native chickens when fed ration containing fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge (FPOS). Experimental diets with different levels of fresh or dried FPOS (5, 10 and 15% equal to dried FPOS) were formulated with similar nutrient contents. A control diet with no FPOS was also included. Each treatment was replicated 5 times for 12 weeks. Performances (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality) of chickens were recorded. Carcass yield, abdominal fat content, weight of liver and gizzard were measured at the end of feeding trial. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and different between means were tested by orthogonal procedures. Results during the starting period showed that, chickens fed FPOS diet gain more weight significantly than the control birds (298.1 vs. 264.7). The dry matter intake of the dry FPOS diet was significantly better than the fresh FPOS diet (2.88 vs. 3.32). The FPOS dietary levels did not affect body weight gain and dry matter intake of native chickens, significantly. However, increasing the FPOS levels worsen the dry matter conversion (DCR) significantly. Data during 12 weeks trial showed mat the body weight gain was not significantly affected by treatments. The dry matter intake of the FPOS diets were significantly higher than the control diet (3469 vs. 3065 g/bird), hence the DCR of the control diet was significantly better than the FPOS diets (3.28 vs. 3.62). Feeding dry FPOS resulted in a better DCR as compared to fresh FPOS (3.48 vs. 3.76), but not affected the dry matter intake. The FPOS dietary levels did not affect body weight gain and dry matter intake of native chickens, significantly. However, inclusion of 5% FPOS in me diet gave better DCR significantly, as compared with 15% FPOS (3.51 vs. 3.83). Feeding dry or fresh FPOS (5 - 15%) did not significantly affect the mortality, carcass yield, abdominal fat levels, weight of liver and weight of gizzard of native chickens. It is concluded that dry FPOS was better than the fresh FPOS and could be included in me native chickens diet up to 10%. Â Key words: Palm oil sludge, fermentation, native chickens

Nutritive value of palm oil sludge fermented with Aspergillus niger after stored in different packing materials Pasaribu, T; Purwadaria, T; Sinurat, A.P; Rosida, J; Saputra, D.O.D
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 4 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

An experiment has been conducted to determine the effect of type of packaging and time of storage on fermented palm oil sludge. The palm oil sludge was fermented with Aspergillus niger, dried, kept in differentpackaging materials (plastic bags, feed bag, and paper bag) and stored under room temperatures for 12 weeks. The experiment was assigned in a split plot design (3x7). The parameters measured were water content, crude protein, soluble nitrogen, true protein, in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and true protein digestibilities (IVTPD), total in vitro digestible protein, and the activities of mannanase and cellulase. Results showed that fermented palm oil sludge stored for 12 weeks increased the water content, decreased the true protein and fiber contents, and also reduced the activity of mannanase and cellulase and in vitro dry matter digestibility but no changes on the crude protein content, protein digestibility, and total digestible protein. It was concluded that fermented palm oil sludge should be kept in feed bag under room temperature if to be stored for 12 weeks. Â Key words : Palm oil sludge, fermentation, nutritive value, storage

Responses of broilers to Aloe vera bioactives as feed additive: The effect of different forms and levels of bioactives on performances of broilers Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, T; Togatorop, M.H; Pasaribu, T; Bintang, I.A.K; Sitompul, S; Rosida, J
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 7, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Feed additives are commonly used in poultry feed as growth promotors or to improve feed efficiency. Previous results showed that Aloe vera bioactives could improve feed efficiency in broilers. Therefore, a further study was designed in order to obtain optimum doses and application methods of bioactives for broiler chickens. Aloe vera was prepared in different forms (fresh gel, dry gel, fresh whole leaf or dry whole leaf). The aloe was supplemented into the feed with concentrations of 0.25; 0.5 and 1 g/kg (equal to dry gel). Standard diets with or without antibiotics were also included as control. The diets were fed to broilers from day old to 5 weeks and the performances were observed. Results showed that the aloe-bioactives did not significantly (P>0.05) affect final body weight of broilers as compared with the control. Supplementation of 0.25 g/kg fresh gel, 0.25 and 1.0 g/kg dry gel significantly improved feed convertion by 4.7; 4.8 and 8.2%, respectively as compared with the control. This improvement was a result of reduction in feed intake or dry matter intake without reducing the weight gain. However, supplementation of whole aloe leafs could not improve feed convertion in boilers. It is concluded that the bioactives of Aloe vera could be used as feed supplement to improve feed efficiency in broilers with no deleterious effect on weight gain, carcass yield, abdominal fat levels and internal organs. The effective concentrations of aloe gell as a feed supplement based on dry matter convertion were from 0.25 g/kg fresh gel, 0.25 and 1.0 g/kg dry gel. Â Key words: Broilers, feed efficiency, feed additives, Aloe vera

Effectivity of Aloe vera bioactives as feed additive for broilers reared on deep litter Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, T; Pasaribu, T; Rakhmani, W; Dharma, J; Rosida, J; Sitompul, S; ., Udjianto
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 3 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

There are plenty of Indonesian plants contain usefull bioactive components. One of them is Aloe vera. Previous experiment showed that Aloe vera bioactives reduced aerob bacteria in the intestinal and improved feed efficiency in broilers reared in cages. The results however, gave some variations, may be due to variation in rearing the chickens. Two experiments were carried out to study the effectivity of Aloe vera bioactives as feed additives for broilers reared on deep litter. In the first study, six experimental diets in mash form were formulated, i.e.: Control (K); K + antibiotic; K + 0.50 g/kg dry Aloe vera (LBK); K + 1.00 g/kg LBK; K + anthraquinone; K + Aloe vera in semi-liquid form. The amount of semi liquid Aloe vera and the anthraquinone were equally to 1.00 g LBK/kg. Results showed that antibiotic improved body weight gain 6.10% and feed efficiency 5.50% better than the control, although statistically not significant (P>0.05). Aloe vera bioactives in low doses (0.50 g/kg) also improved weight gain (6.30%) and feed efficiency (5.20%) similar to the antibiotic. However, Aloe vera in high doses and anthraquinone (equal to 1.00 g/kg diet) did not improve performance of broilers. There were no significant changes on carcass yield, abdominal fat levels, weight of liver, gizard and gastro intestinal tract due to any feed additives tested. The second experiment were carried out to study the effectivity of feed additives when included in crumble diets. Six experimental diets, i.e.: Control (K), K + antibiotic, K + Semi-liquid Aloe vera (equal to 1.00g dry Aloe vera/kg), K + 0.50 g dry Aloe vera/kg, K + 1.00 g dry Aloe vera/kg, K + 0.50 g dry Aloe vera + 0.50 g Curcuma xanthorrhiza meal/kg. All diets were fed in crumble form. Results showed that chickens fed with feed additives (antibiotic or Aloe vera bioactives) have a significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight gain and feed efficiency than those fed with control diet. The best weight gain was achieved by low dose dry Aloe vera (1342 g/bird) and the lowest was the control (1039 g/bird). The best feed conversion ratio was achieved by antibiotic treatment (1.756) followed by low dose dry Aloe vera + curcuma meal (1.758) and the worst was showed by the control (1.908). It is concluded that Aloe vera bioactives at low dose (0.50 g/kg diet) could improve body weight gain and feed efficiency of broilers reared on deep litter. The improvement achieved was similar as the antibiotic. The bioactive is more effective when fed in crumble diets. Â Key words: Broilers, bioactives, Aloe vera

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