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The utilization of rock phosphate (natural defluorinated calcium phosphate or NDCP) in laying hens diet to replace dicalcium phosphate Sinurat, A.P; Dharsana, R; Pasaribu, T; Panggabean, T; Habiebie, A
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 2, No 2 (1996)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

An experimentwas conducted to study the utilization of local rock phosphate or natural defluorinated calcium phosphate (NDCP) as phosphorus source for layer chickens by using the imported dicalcium phosphate (DCP) as a reference. Eight experimental diets consisted of 2 source of phosphorus (DCP and NDCP) and 4 dietary total P levels (0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7%) were formulated. Each diet was fed to 24 pullets (6 replicates with 4 birds each) from 20 weeks of age to 14 weeks of egg production. Observations were made on feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, mortality, egg quality, Ca and P retention and ash content of tibial bones . Results showed no significant effect of different source and level of Â phosphorus tested on egg production (% HD), feed consumption, egg weight and mortality rates . Egg shell thickness was depressed in NDCP diet as compared with DCP, however this only occurred at firstmonth of production. It is concluded that the NDCP can be used in layers diet to replace DCP as phosphorus source. The relative biological value of phosphorus inNDCP is 96% for layers. Â Keywords: Rock phosphate, NDCP, layers, phosphorous

The use of sago waste (Metroxylon sago) and its fermentation product as a feedstuff for growing duck Antawidjaja, Tata; Bintang, I.A.K; Sinurat, A.P; Kompiang, I.P
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 2, No 3 (1997)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

study were 14 days old local male duckling . The experimental rations were formulated to contain unfermented or fermented of sago waste at graded level of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. A ration without sago waste was also formulated and used as a control diet . All rations were formulated to be isoprotein and isoenergy, i .e . : 17% crude protein and 2,700 kcal ME/kg, respectively. Feed was pelleted and were given ad libitum. The experimental design used was completely randomized with 4 replicates, and each replicate consisted of 10 ducklings . The trial was conducted until 8 weeks old . The fermentation process could increase the nutrient content in sago waste . The unfermented sago waste could be included up to 5% in ration of duckling . At the higher, the final body weight and body weight gain were lowered as compared to the control ration . The fermentation process could be used up to 10%. The use of sago waste did not affect the feed consumption, percentage of carcass and liver weight significantly . Ration with 15% sago waste product a heavier giblets than the control ration . The use of fermented sago waste Â Â at 20% in the ration gave the FCR value higher as compared to control ration . It is necessary to study further the protein quality of fermented sago waste . Â Keywords: Sago waste, fermentation, male duck

Cassapro in broiler ration : effect of halquinol Supplementation Kompiang, I.P; Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, T; Darma, J; ., Supriyati
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 2, No 3 (1997)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

A trial was conducted to determine the effect of various level of cassapro (fermented cassava) and halquinol supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens . Experimental rations were formulated isoprotein and isoenergy with graded level of cassapro (0, 10, 20 and 30%) . The 20 and 30% cassapro ration were prepared without and with halquinol supplementation (60 ppm). Each ration was fed to 40 of three day old broilers, divided into 4 cages ( 5 males and 5 females per cage) for 4 weeks. Increasing the level of cassapro significantly reduced body weight gain (P < 0.005), increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.0005) with no effect on feed intake (P < 0.10) . Halquinol supplementation has no effect on feed intake, but significantly increased body weight gain (P <0.05) and improved the FCR (P < 0.01) . It is concluded that high level of cassapro in the ration will cause poorer performance of the birds, however it can be alleviated by halquinolsupplementation. Â Keywords: Broiler, cassapro, halquinol

Nutritive value of fermented coconut meal in ration of laying ducks with various phosphorous levels Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, T; Habiebie, A; Pasaribu, T; Hamid, H; Rosida, J; Haryati, T; Sutikno, I
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 3, No 1 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

A series of experiment was conducted to improve the utilization of coconut meal in poultry ration . A bioprocess (fermentation) approach was adopted. Coconut meal was fermented followed by an enzymatic process at room temperature or 50 OC.The nutritive value of the fermented products was determined chemically. Product with the highest nutritive value was then used for a feeding trial to study the interaction effect between dietary levels of fermented coconut meal and phosphorous level on the performances of laying ducks. Nine experimental diets were formulated, i.e ., the factorial of 3 levels of fermented coconut meal (0, 30 and 40%) and 3 levels of total phosphorous (0.6, 0.8 and 1 .0%) . The diet was fed to pullet ducks and the performances of the ducks were observed for 16 weeks of production period. The results showed that the nutritive value of coconut meal increased by fermentation and the highest yield was achieved when the enzymatic process was performed at 500C. There was no significant interaction effect between dietary fermented coconut meal levels and the phosphorous levels on all parameters observed, except on egg weight. Inclusion of fermented coconut meal in the ration up to 30% did not produce negative effects on the productivity oflaying ducks, however, higher levels (40%) ofinclusion reduced the egg size Â Keywords: Coconut meal, fermentation, ducks, egg production

Use of termite (Glyptotermes montanus) as poultry feed Ketaren, P.P; Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, T; Kompiang, I.P; Amir, M
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Termites containing high protein and various enzymes including cellulase enzyme produced by microbes in its digestive system. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of termite (Glyptotermes montanus) as poultry feed. One hundred and seventy five, day-old broiler chicks were used for this experiment. The broiler chickens were allotted to seven different diets: (1) control diet containing rice bran without termite (KD), (2) KD + 0.75% dried termites (RK), (3) KD + 1.50% RK, (4) KD + 3.00% RK, (5) KD + 14% fresh termite (RB), (6) KD + 4.29% RB, (7) KD + 8.57% RB. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, carcass and visceral were recorded for five weeks experiment. The results showed that chickens fed the diet containing 1.50% RK grew significantly (P<0.05) bigger than other diets. Feed intake of chickens fed KD + 1.50% RK was also significantly (P<0.05) higher than chickens fed other diet but was not significantly (P>0.05) different from feed intake of chickens fed KD, KD + 3.00% RK and KD + 8.57% RB. FCR of chickens fed RK or RB were not significantly different (P>0.05) from FCR of KD diet. Carcass weight of broiler chickens fed KD + 1.50% RK significantly (P<0.05) higher than carcass weight of chickens fed KD diet or improved carcass percentage of about 4.4%. This experiment also showed that the inclusion of termites in the diet significantly (P<0.05) increased percentage of gizzard, heart and abdominal fat weight of chickens. Â Key words: Termite, feed ingredient, broiler chicken, carcass

Utilization of palm oilsludge in poultry diet: 3. Inclusion of fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge in broilerâs diet Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, Tatty; Pasaribu, T; Darma, J; Bintang, I.A.K; Togatorop, M.H
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Drying proces, especially with heating often affects the nutritive values of feed ingredients. Therefore, this experiment was designed to study the responses of broiler chickens when fed with ration containing fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge(FPOS). Experimental diets with different levels of fresh or dried FPOS (5, 10, and 15% equally to dried FPOS) were formulated with similar nutrient contents. A control diet with no FPOS was also included. Each diet was fed to 30 broiler chickens (5 replicates of 6 birds) for 5 weeks. Performances (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, and mortalities) of chickens were recorded. Carcass percentage and abdominal fat content was also measured at the end of feeding trial. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design and different between means were tested by orthogonal contrast procedures. Results of the experiment showed that body weight gain (BWG) of control birds was not significantlydifferent with BWG of birds fed with FPOS. Birds fed with dried FLS gain more weight Â than those fed with fresh FPOS (1048 vs 981 g/bird). Increasing of dietary FPOS levels decreased BWG, but 10% inclusion was still tolerable. Feed consumption of control diet was significantly (P<0.05) less than feed consumption of diet with FPOS. Increasing of dried FPOS to 15% did not affect feed consumption, but increasing of fresh FPOS significantly increased feed consumption. Feed conversion (FCR) of control diet was significantly better than the FPOS diet (2.07 vs 2.13). Increasing levels of dried FPOS from 5 to 10% did not affect the FCR, but further increasing to 15% significantly worsen the FCR. Increasing of fresh FPOS from 5 to 10 or 15 significantly worsen the FCR. Dry matter intake, mortalities, carcass percentage, liver weight, and abdominal fat levels of broilers were not significantly affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Conversion of feed dry matter to body weight gain of control diet was not significantly (P>0.05) different with those diets with FPOS. However, dry matter conversion of dried FPOS was significantly better than the fresh FPOS. Increasing levels of FLS from 5 to 15 significantly worsen the feed dry matter conversion but not with inclusion of 10% FPOS. Therefore, it is concluded that there is no superior advantage of feeding fresh FPOS as compared with dried FPOS. Inclusion of 10% dried or fresh FPOS in the diets did not affect growth performances of broiler chickens. Â Key words: Palm oil sludge, dried, fermented, broilers

Utilization of palm oil sludge in poultry diet. 4. Inclusion of fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge in native chickens diet Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, T; Pasaribu, T; Darma, J; Bintang, I.A.K; Togatorop, M.H
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 3 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Fermentation processes increase the protein of palm oil sludge and produce some useful enzymes. However, drying process, especially with heating often affects the nutritive values of feed ingredients and the enzymes activity. Therefore, this experiment was designed to study the responses of native chickens when fed ration containing fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge(FPOS). Experimental diets with different levels of fresh or dried FPOS (5, 10 and 15% equal to dried FPOS) were Â formulatedwith similar nutrient contents. A control diet with no FPOS was also included. Each treatment was replicated 5 Â times for 12weeks. Performances (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality) of chickens were Â recorded. Carcass yield,abdominal fat content, weight of liver and gizzard were measured at the end of feeding trial. Data Â were subjected to analysis ofvariance and different between means were tested by orthogonal procedures. Results during the Â starting period showed that,chickens fed FPOS diet gain more weight significantly than the control birds (298.1 vs. 264.7). Â The dry matter intake of the dryFPOS diet was significantly better than the fresh FPOS diet (2.88 vs. 3.32). The FPOS Â dietary levels did not affect body weightgain and dry matter intake of native chickens, significantly. However, increasing the Â FPOS levels worsen the dry matterconversion (DCR) significantly. Data during 12 weeks trial showed mat the body weight Â gain was not significantly affected bytreatments. The dry matter intake of the FPOS diets were significantly higher than the Â control diet (3469 vs. 3065 g/bird), hencethe DCR of the control diet was significantly better than the FPOS diets (3.28 vs. Â 3.62). Feeding dry FPOS resulted in a betterDCR as compared to fresh FPOS (3.48 vs. 3.76), but not affected the dry matter Â intake. The FPOS dietary levels did not affectbody weight gain and dry matter intake of native chickens, significantly. Â However, inclusion of 5% FPOS in me diet gave betterDCR significantly, as compared with 15% FPOS (3.51 vs. 3.83). Â Feeding dry or fresh FPOS (5 - 15%) did not significantlyaffect the mortality, carcass yield, abdominal fat levels, weight of Â liver and weight of gizzard of native chickens. It is concludedthat dry FPOS was better than the fresh FPOS and could be Â included in me native chickens diet up to 10%. Â Key words: Palm oil sludge, fermentation, native chickens

Utilization of palm oil sludge in poultry diet. 4. Inclusion of fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge in native chickens diet Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, T; Pasaribu, T; Darma, J; Bintang, I.A.K; Togatorop, M.H
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 4 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Fermentation processes increase the protein of palm oil sludge and produce some useful enzymes. However, drying process, especially with heating often affects the nutritive values of feed ingredients and the enzymes activity. Therefore, this experiment was designed to study the responses of native chickens when fed ration containing fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge (FPOS). Experimental diets with different levels of fresh or dried FPOS (5, 10 and 15% equal to dried FPOS) were formulated with similar nutrient contents. A control diet with no FPOS was also included. Each treatment was replicated 5 times for 12 weeks. Performances (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality) of chickens were recorded. Carcass yield, abdominal fat content, weight of liver and gizzard were measured at the end of feeding trial. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and different between means were tested by orthogonal procedures. Results during the starting period showed that, chickens fed FPOS diet gain more weight significantly than the control birds (298.1 vs. 264.7). The dry matter intake of the dry FPOS diet was significantly better than the fresh FPOS diet (2.88 vs. 3.32). The FPOS dietary levels did not affect body weight gain and dry matter intake of native chickens, significantly. However, increasing the FPOS levels worsen the dry matter conversion (DCR) significantly. Data during 12 weeks trial showed mat the body weight gain was not significantly affected by treatments. The dry matter intake of the FPOS diets were significantly higher than the control diet (3469 vs. 3065 g/bird), hence the DCR of the control diet was significantly better than the FPOS diets (3.28 vs. 3.62). Feeding dry FPOS resulted in a better DCR as compared to fresh FPOS (3.48 vs. 3.76), but not affected the dry matter intake. The FPOS dietary levels did not affect body weight gain and dry matter intake of native chickens, significantly. However, inclusion of 5% FPOS in me diet gave better DCR significantly, as compared with 15% FPOS (3.51 vs. 3.83). Feeding dry or fresh FPOS (5 - 15%) did not significantly affect the mortality, carcass yield, abdominal fat levels, weight of liver and weight of gizzard of native chickens. It is concluded that dry FPOS was better than the fresh FPOS and could be included in me native chickens diet up to 10%. Â Key words: Palm oil sludge, fermentation, native chickens

Nutritive value of palm oil sludge fermented with Aspergillus niger after stored in different packing materials Pasaribu, T; Purwadaria, T; Sinurat, A.P; Rosida, J; Saputra, D.O.D
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 4 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

An experiment has been conducted to determine the effect of type of packaging and time of storage on fermented palm oil sludge. The palm oil sludge was fermented with Aspergillus niger, dried, kept in differentpackaging materials (plastic bags, feed bag, and paper bag) and stored under room temperatures for 12 weeks. The experiment was assigned in a split plot design (3x7). The parameters measured were water content, crude protein, soluble nitrogen, true protein, in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and true protein digestibilities (IVTPD), total in vitro digestible protein, and the activities of mannanase and cellulase. Results showed that fermented palm oil sludge stored for 12 weeks increased the water content, decreased the true protein and fiber contents, and also reduced the activity of mannanase and cellulase and in vitro dry matter digestibility but no changes on the crude protein content, protein digestibility, and total digestible protein. It was concluded that fermented palm oil sludge should be kept in feed bag under room temperature if to be stored for 12 weeks. Â Key words : Palm oil sludge, fermentation, nutritive value, storage

Responses of broilers to Aloe vera bioactives as feed additive: The effect of different forms and levels of bioactives on performances of broilers Sinurat, A.P; Purwadaria, T; Togatorop, M.H; Pasaribu, T; Bintang, I.A.K; Sitompul, S; Rosida, J
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 7, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Feed additives are commonly used in poultry feed as growth promotors or to improve feed efficiency. Previous results showed that Aloe vera bioactives could improve feed efficiency in broilers. Therefore, a further study was designed in order to obtain optimum doses and application methods of bioactives for broiler chickens. Aloe vera was prepared in different forms (fresh gel, dry gel, fresh whole leaf or dry whole leaf). The aloe was supplemented into the feed with concentrations of 0.25; 0.5 and 1 g/kg (equal to dry gel). Standard diets with or without antibiotics were also included as control. The diets were fed to broilers from day old to 5 weeks and the performances were observed. Results showed that the aloe-bioactives did not significantly (P>0.05) affect final body weight of broilers as compared with the control. Supplementation of 0.25 g/kg fresh gel, 0.25 and 1.0 g/kg dry gel significantly improved feed convertion by 4.7; 4.8 and 8.2%, respectively as compared with the control. This improvement was a result of reduction in feed intake or dry matter intake without reducing the weight gain. However, supplementation of whole aloe leafs could not improve feed convertion in boilers. It is concluded that the bioactives of Aloe vera could be used as feed supplement to improve feed efficiency in broilers with no deleterious effect on weight gain, carcass yield, abdominal fat levels and internal organs. The effective concentrations of aloe gell as a feed supplement based on dry matter convertion were from 0.25 g/kg fresh gel, 0.25 and 1.0 g/kg dry gel. Â Key words: Broilers, feed efficiency, feed additives, Aloe vera

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