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GANGGUAN KESEIMBANGAN AIR DAN NATRIUM SERTA PEMERIKSAAN OSMOLALITAS Rambert, Glady I.
Jurnal Biomedik : JBM Vol 6, No 3 (2014): JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM Suplemen
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/jbm.6.3.2014.6333

Abstract

Abstract: Water distribution in each compartment of the body involves concentration of solutes in body fluids, and the amount of dissolved substance in a solvent called osmolality. Electrolyte that has the biggest contributor in determining the serum osmolality is sodium, which is osmotically active. Hipoosmolality actually describes the state of hyponatremia, and hyperosmolality describes the state of hypernatremia. Examination of plasma and urine osmolality is very helpful in the management of patients with water and electrolyte imbalance, in addition to assess the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) abnormalities. Urine osmolality is important in evaluating the ability of the kidney to concentrate the urine, in addition to monitor the fluid and electrolyte balance. There are two ways of osmolality examination: 1) indirectly, by using osmometer (osmolality measurement) with a freezing point depression method; 2) directly, by using a formula (osmolality count).Keywords: water, sodium, osmolality, freezing point depression, osmolality countAbstrak: Distribusi air pada setiap kompartemen tubuh melibatkan kadar zat terlarut di dalam cairan tubuh, dan jumlah zat terlarut dalam suatu pelarut yang disebut osmolalitas. Elektrolit pemberi kontribusi terbesar dalam menentukan besarnya osmolalitas serum ialah natrium, yang aktif secara osmotik. Keadaan hipoosmolalitas sebenarnya menggambarkan keadaan hiponatremia, sebaliknya hiperosmolalitas menggambarkan keadaan hipernatremia. Pemeriksaan osmolalitas plasma dan urin sangat membantu penatalaksanaan pasien dengan gangguan keseimbangan air dan elektrolit, selain menilai kelainan antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Osmolalitas urin penting untuk mengetahui kemampuan ginjal memekatkan urin, selain memonitor keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Terdapat dua cara pemeriksaan osmolalitas yaitu: 1) secara tidak langsung menggunakan osmometer (osmolalitas ukur) dengan metode freezing point depression; 2) secara langsung dengan menggunakan rumus (osmolalitas hitung).Kata kunci: air, natrium, osmolalitas, freezing point depression, osmolalitas hitung
Gambaran glukosa urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Girsang, Wilson F.C.; Rambert, Glady I.; Wowor, Mayer
e-Biomedik Vol 4, No 2 (2016): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v4i2.14651

Abstract

Abstract: Urinalysis is urine testing to see substances contained in the urine. This test helps to diagnose, monitor disease progression and the effectiveness of therapy. Urinalysis can be done fast, accurate, safe, and cost effective. This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of urinary glucose levels in adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the department. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. This was an observational descriptive study conducted at the Pulmonary Clinic and Inpatient Department of Internal Medicine. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Samples were urine samples from all patients during pulmonary tuberculosis who met the inclusion criteria. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were asked to sign the informed consent followed by anamnesis and urine sampling. Urine samples were examined in Pro-Kita laboratory Manado. Urine glucose tests were performed using the reagent test strips and checked using Siemens Clinitek Status® Instruments + Analyzer. Conclusion: Of 32 patients with lung tuberculosis who met the inclusion criteria, there were 7 patients (21.88%) that had glucose in the their urine.Keywords: urinalysis, glycosuria, pulmonal tuberculosis. Abstrak: Urinalisis adalah pengujian urin untuk melihat zat-zat yang terkandung dalam urin. Pengujian ini membantu mendiagnosis, memantau perkembangan penyakit, dan efektifitas terapi. Urinalisis dilakukan dengan cepat, akurat, aman, dan hemat biaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kadar glukosa urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Poliklinik Paru dan rawat inap bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Sampel penelitian ialah sampel urin sewaktu dari semua pasien tuberkulosis paru yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pasien tuberkulosis paru diminta untuk menandatangani informed consent diikuti dengan anamnesis dan pengambilan sampel urin yang diperiksa di Laboratorium Pro-Kita Manado. Pemeriksaan glukosa urin dilakukan dengan menggunakan reagent strip test dan dibaca dengan menggunakan Instrumen Siemens Clinitek Status®+ Analyzer. Simpulan: Dari 32 pasien dengan penyakit tuberkulosis paru yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi terdapat 7 pasien (21,88%) dengan glukosa urin. Kata kunci: urinalisis, glukosuria, tuberkulosis paru
Gambaran Kadar Kreatinin Serum dan Estimasi Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus (eLFG) pada Wanita Hamil Normal Sumardiani, .; Rambert, Glady I.; Mongan, Arthur E.
e-Biomedik Vol 5, No 2 (2017): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v5i2.18607

Abstract

Abstract: Creatinine is the end result of the metabolism of muscle creatine phosphate which was synthesized in the kidney. Serum creatinine level can normally decrease during pregnancy due to hyperfiltation of the renal glomeruli. Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with CKD-EPI formula is beneficially used in populations with GFR >60 ml/min/1.73m2 especially in pregnant women. The creatinine levels of normal pregnant women are lower than of non-pregnant women and pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. This study was aimed to obtain the serum creatinine level and estimated GFR (eGFR) in normal pregnant women. This was a descriptive observational study with a cross sectional design. Samples were obtained by using non-probability sampling of purposive sampling method. Blood samples of 30 normal pregnant women were obtained at three Public Health Centers (Minanga, Sario, and Bahu Manado) from October to November 2017. The laboratory examinations revealed that all samples (100%) showed decreased serum creatinine levels with a mean of 0.53 mg/dL and increased eGRF >90 ml/min/1.73m2. Conclusion: During pregnancy, there was an increase in eGFR and a decrease in serum creatinine level in all trimesters.Keywords: normal pregnant women, serum creatinine, eGFR Abstrak: Kreatinin merupakan hasil akhir metabolisme dari kreatin fosfat otot, yang awalnya disintesis di ginjal. Pemeriksaan kreatinin sering digunakan untuk mengetahui fungsi ginjal. Kadar kreatinin serum normalnya dapat menurun selama kehamilan karena terjadi hiperfiltasi glomerulus ginjal. Estimasi Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus (eLFG) dengan formula CKD-EPI lebih baik digunakan pada populasi dengan laju filtrasi glomerulus >60 ml/min/1,73m2 khususnya wanita hamil. Kadar kreatinin wanita hamil normal lebih rendah daripada wanita tidak hamil dan wanita hamil dengan pre-eklampsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gamabaran kreatinin serum dan eLFG pada wanita hamil normal. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel diambil dengan cara non-probability sampling jenis purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian ialah sampel darah dari 30 wanita hamil normal yang memeriksakan diri di Puskesmas Minanga, Sario, dan Bahu selama bulan Oktober-November 2017. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium didapatkan 30 orang (100%) wanita hamil normal mengalami penurunan kreatinin dengan rerata 0,53 mg/dL dan peningkatan laju filtrasi glomerulus dengan nilai eLFG >90 ml/min/1,73m2. Simpulan: Selama kehamilan terjadi peningkatan eLFG dan penurunan kreatinin serum pada semua trimester.Kata kunci: wanita hamil normal, kreatinin serum, eLFG
Gambaran kadar feritin pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non dialisis Puspitaningrum, Teresita; Rambert, Glady I.; Wowor, Mayer F.
e-Biomedik Vol 4, No 1 (2016): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v4i1.12486

Abstract

Abstract: Ferritin is a major iron storage protein in human tissues. It functions as an iron storage especially in liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Anemia occurs in 80-90% chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients; the most common type of anemia is normocytic anemia. WHO assumes that in Indonesia chronic kidney disease patients will increase 41.4% in 1995-2025. This study aimed to obtaind ferritin level in non dialysis end-stage renal disease patients. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Data of ferritin levels in non dialysis end-stage renal disease patients were obtained from two hospitals, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado and Advent Hospital Manado, from December 2015 to January 2016. Blood samples of 35 patients suffering from non dialysis end-stage renal disease were obtained by using non-probability consecutive sampling method. The results showed that of the 35 patients, there were 28 patients with increased ferritin levels and 7 patients with normal ferritin level. Conclusion: Increased ferritin level occurred among non dialysis end-stage renal disease patients.Keywords: ferritin level, non-dialysis end-stage renal disease. Abstrak: Feritin adalah protein penyimpan zat besi utama yang ditemukan pada jaringan tubuh manusia. Fungsi feritin ialah sebagai penyimpanan zat besi terutama di dalam hati, limpa, dan sumsum tulang. Anemia terjadi pada 80-90% pasien penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) dengan jenis normositik yang paling umum ditemukan. WHO memperkirakan di Indonesia akan terjadi peningkatan penderita gagal ginjal pada tahun 1995-2025 sebesar 41,4%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar feritin pada PGKstadium 5 non dialisis. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Data kadar feritin pada pasien PGK stadium 5 non dialisis diperoleh dari dua rumah sakit yaitu RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dan Rumah Sakit Advent Manado sejak Desember 2015-Januari 2016. Sampel darah dari 35 pasien PGK ditentukan dengan cara non-probability consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dari 35 pasien yang terdiagnosis PGK stadium 5 non dialisis terdapat 28 pasien dengan peningkatan kadar ferritin dan 7 pasien dengan kadar ferritin normal. Simpulan: Peningkatan kadar feritin dapat terjadi pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non dialisis. Kata kunci: kadar feritin, penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non dialisis
Diagnostik Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) dengan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik Damo, Natasya Y.; Porotu'o, John P.; Rambert, Glady I.; Rares, Fredine E. S.
eBiomedik Vol 9, No 1 (2021): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.9.1.2021.31899

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Abstract: The world is in fear of the pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) which is so deadly, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the world a global health emergency. The number of confirmed cases is still very high until now, even in Indonesia this pandemic is still not over. The transmission is so fast and wide, plus the current clinical manifestations of COVID-19 have varied, ranging from asymptomatic to severe. This literature review aims to determine the Diagnostic of COVID-19 with the most appropriate Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Examination and to find out the importance of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory examinations in COVID-19 Diagnostics. The method used is in the form of literature studies from several scientific sources that are accurate and valid regarding the Diagnostic of COVID-19 with Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Examination. The results showed that Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the gold standard in detecting COVID-19 although there are several factors that can affect the results of the PCR examination which then cause false negatives / positives. Conclusion Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Examination is very important and very helpful. Diagnostic COVID-19 in the Microbiology Laboratory can be done by using Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Antigen, RDT Antibody, PCR, and Virus Culture. Diagnostic COVID-19 with the recommended Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Examination and the gold standard is PCR examination. However, there are also several factors that can affect the results of the PCR examination.Keywords: diagnostic, COVID-19, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory  Abstrak: Dunia sedang dalam ketakutan dengan pandemi Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) yang begitu mematikan, Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyatakan dunia sebagai darurat kesehatan global. Jumlah kasus yang terkonfirmasi masih sangat tinggi hingga saat ini, bahkan di Indonesia pandemi ini masih belum berakhir. Penularannya begitu cepat dan luas, sertta manifestasi klinis COVID-19 yang bervariasi, mulai dari asimtomatik hingga parah. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Diagnostik COVID-19 dengan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik yang paling sesuai dan untuk mengetahui pentingnya pemeriksaan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik dalam Diagnostik COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan berupa studi pustaka dari beberapa sumber ilmiah yang akurat dan valid mengenai Diagnostik COVID-19 dengan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) merupakan gold standard dalam mendeteksi COVID-19 meskipun terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan PCR yang kemudian menimbulkan false negatif/positif. Kesimpulan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik sangat penting dan sangat membantu. Diagnostik COVID-19 di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), Antibodi RDT, PCR, dan Kultur Virus. Diagnostik COVID-19 dengan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik yang direkomendasikan dan menjadi gold standard adalah PCR. Namun, ada juga beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan PCR.Kata Kunci: diagnostik, COVID-19, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik
Prevalensi Kristal Urat dalam Urin pada Subjek Dewasa Muda Berat Badan Lebih dan Obes Tedjo, Tierza C. H.; Rambert, Glady I.; Monga, Arthur E.
Medical Scope Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2020): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.1.2.2020.28003

Abstract

Abstract: Overweight and obese are conditions in which abnormal fat is accumulated in the body that may cause health problems. According to WHO, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, the BMI ≥23kg/m is considered overweight and ≥25kg/m is considered obese. This study was aimed to evaluate whether urate crystals were found in the urine of young adults with overweight and obese. This was an observational and descriptive study. Samples were chosen by using non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling type. The results showed that there were 60 young adults as subjects, consisting of 24 males (40%) dan 36 females (60%). There were 22 overweight subjects (36.7%), 24 obese-1 subjects (40%), and 14 obese-2 subjects (23.3%). Of 60 subjects, urine amorph crystals were found in 32 subjects (58.3%) meanwhile oxalate calcium crystals were found in 12 subjects (20%). In conclusion, among young adults with overweight and obese, the prevalence of urine amorph urate crystal was 58.3% and of urine oxalate calcium crystal was 20%.Keywords: overweight, obese, urine crystal, amorphous urate crystal, calcium oxalate crystal Abstrak: Berat badan lebih dan obes adalah keadaan akumulasi lemak abnormal atau berlebih yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Menurut WHO, khususnya untuk area Asia-Pasifik, seseorang dikatakan tergolong berat badan lebih jika IMT-nya ≥23kg/m2 dan obes jika ≥25kg/m. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi adanya kristal urat dalam urin dewasa muda dengan berat badan lebih dan obes. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional. Sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan non-probability sampling jenis consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menda-patkan sebanyak 60 dewasa muda yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian, terdiri dari 24 orang laki-laki (40%) dan 36 orang perempuan (60%). Di antaranya terdapat 22 orang (36,7%) berat badan lebih, 24 orang (40%) obes 1, dan 14 orang (23,3%) obes 2. Dari 60 subyek, ditemukan kristal urat amorf pada 32 orang (58,3%) dan kalsium oksalat pada 12 orang (20%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pada dewasa muda dengan berat badan lebih dan obes, prevalensi kristal urat amorf urin sebesar 58,3% dan kristal kalsium oksalat urin sebesar 20%.Kata kunci: berat badan lebih, obes, kristal urin
Gambaran Kadar Profil Lipid pada Stroke Iskemik Fariza, Andi F. D.; Rambert, Glady I.; Berhimpon, Siemona L. E.
e-CliniC Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): e-CliniC
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ecl.v13i2.60738

Abstract

Abstract: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Dyslipidemia is one of the risk factors for stroke that can trigger atherosclerosis in blood vessels in the heart as well as in the brain. This study aimed to obtain the lipid profile in patients with ischemic stroke at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital. This was a descriptive and retrospective study using medical records of patients ischemic stroke patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital in 2022, using the total sampling method. The results obtained 78 patients that met the inclusion criteria. The highest percentages were found in male patients (56.4%), age group of 56–65 years (42.3%), optimal total cholesterol level (53.8%), low HDL cholesterol level (52.6%), LDL cholesterol level approaching optimal (32.1%), and optimal triglyceride level (62.0%). In conclusion, patients with ischemic stroke most commonly have optimal total cholesterol levels, low HDL cholesterol levels, LDL cholesterol levels approaching optimal, and optimal triglyceride levels. Keywords: lipid profile; ischemic stroke   Abstrak: Stroke merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian dan kecacatan di seluruh dunia. Dislipidemia  ialah salah satu faktor risiko stroke yang dapat memicu terjadinya aterosklerosis pada pembuluh darah, baik yang berada di jantung maupun otak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran profil lipid pada pasien stroke iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis pasien stroke iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou tahun 2022 dengan metode total sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 78 pasien stroke iskemik yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pada hasil analisis didapatkan dominasi pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki (56,4%), usia 56–65 tahun (42,3%), kadar kolesterol total optimal (53,8%), kadar kolesterol HDL rendah (52,6%), kadar kolesterol LDL mendekati optimal (32,1%), dan kadar kolesterol trigliserida optimal (62,0%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pasien stroke iskemik paling banyak ditemukan dengan kadar kolesterol total optimal, kadar kolesterol HDL rendah, kadar kolesterol LDL mendekati optimal, serta kadar kolesterol trigliserida optimal. Kata kunci: profil lipid; stroke iskemik
Gambaran Kadar D-Dimer pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik Ticoalu, Micha M. C.; Wowor, Mayer F.; Rambert, Glady I.
e-CliniC Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): e-CliniC
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ecl.v13i1.60740

Abstract

Abstract: The primary cause of ischemic stroke is atherosclerosis affecting major arteries in the neck and head. D-dimer is linked to ischemic stroke, as it is the end product of fibrin breakdown by plasmin through the fibrinolytic process. This study aimed to assess D-dimer levels in ischemic stroke patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. This was a descriptive and retrospective study using the total sampling method. The results showed that there were 15 patients meeting the inclusion criteria for ischemic stroke patients consisting of nine male patients and six female patients. The majority of patients were in the age group of 60-79 years (53.3%), followed by age group 40-59 years (33.3%), and age group 80-99 years as well as 20-39 years (each of 6.67%). All patients with ischemic stroke had increased D-dimer level. In conclusion, the majority of patients with ischemic stroke are males, aged over forty, and have elevated D-dimer level. Keywords: D-Dimer; ischemic stroke    Abstrak: Penyebab utama stroke iskemik ialah aterosklerosis yang mengenai arteri besar pada leher dan kepala. D-dimer memiliki hubungan dengan stroke iskemik oleh karena merupakan produk akhir pemecahan fibrin oleh plasmin melalui proses fibrinolitik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kadar D-dimer pada pasien stroke iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis pasien stroke iskemik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dengan metode total sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 15 pasien stroke yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdiri dari sembilan laki-laki dan enam perempuan. Pasien terbanyak pada kelompok usia 60-79 tahun (53,3%), diikuti oleh kelompok usia 40-59 tahun (33,3%), serta kelompok usia 80-99 tahun dan 20-39 tahun (masing-masing 6,67%). Pada seluruh pasien stroke iskemik didapatkan peningkatan kadar D-dimer. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah majoritas pasien stroke iskemik berjenis kelamin laki-laki, usia di atas 40 tahun, dengan peningkatan kadar D-dimer. Kata kunci: D-Dimer; stroke iskemik
Gambaran Kadar Hemoglobin dan Indeks Eritrosit pada Wanita Hamil Trimester 3 di Kota Manado Napitupulu, Raymond K.; Rambert, Glady I.; Berhimpon, Siemona L. E.
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v10i4.56799

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