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Modelling Macroecoomic Dynamic CGE for the Indonesian Economy Widjaja, Muliadi; Mardanugraha, Eugenia
Economics and Finance in Indonesia Volume 56, Number 3, 2008
Publisher : Institute for Economic and Social Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (28.873 KB) | DOI: 10.47291/efi.v56i3.24

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Inflation-Output Efficiency in Lowering High Cost Economy: A Comparative Study of Several Provinces in Indonesia Gitaharie, Beta Y.; Mardanugraha, Eugenia; Nuryakin, Chaikal
Economics and Finance in Indonesia Volume 55, Number 2, 2007
Publisher : Institute for Economic and Social Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (28.873 KB) | DOI: 10.47291/efi.v55i2.113

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Ketahanan UMKM di Indonesia menghadapi Resesi Ekonomi Eugenia Mardanugraha; Junaidi Akhmad
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol 30 No 2 (2022): Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan
Publisher : Economic Research Center, the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (P2E-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/JEP.30.2.2022.101-114

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Wabah COVID-19 telah membuat ekonomi Indonesia masuk episode resesi, yang ditunjukkan oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi (y-o-y) negatif selama 2 kuartal berturut-turut, yaitu Q2-2020 sebesar -5.32% dan Q3-2020 sebesar -3.49%. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia memiliki daya tahan yang cukup kuat dalam menghadapi resesi ekonomi. Penelitian ini mewawancarai 541 UMKM dari seluruh Indonesia selama Agustus-Oktober 2020 melalui telepon dan video call. Penelitian ini juga melakukan focus group discussion (FGD) dari beberapa responden yang disurvei. Berdasarkan analisa deskriptif ditemukan bahwa 19% UMKM sudah tidak dapat bertahan, 30% UMKM masih mempertahankan karyawannya, dan 51% lainnya masih dapat bertahan. Bantuan dari pemerintah baru dirasakan oleh UMKM yang memiliki kredit dari bank. Berdasarkan pengujian t-statistik, terjadi penurunan pada seluruh indikator kinerja UMKM akibat COVID-19. Penurunan signifikan terjadi pada modal kerja (-54%), tenaga kerja (-37 %), pendapatan bulanan (-34%), tanah (-2%), dan mesin dan peralatan (-3%). Sementara itu, penurunan beban oerasional bulanan (-21%) secara statistik tidak signifikan. Kegiatan FGD menyimpulkan bahwa UMKM yang bertahan adalah yang memiliki cadangan kekayaan (hidden wealth) berupa tabungan, atau asset bangunan dan kendaraan yang dapat dijual atau digadaikan. Disaster risk management (DRM) dan penyusunan business continuity plan (BCP) merupakan hal terpenting bagi UMKM sehingga dapat bertahan dalam kondisi kritis saat bencana terjadi. Pemerintah harus mulai membantu UMKM dalam penyusunan hal tersebut. Social bonds dapat menjadi instrumen alternatif bagi pemerintah, untuk mengatasi persoalan ini.
Factors Affecting the Financial Performance of Credit Union in Indonesia Daniel Halomoan Simamora; Willem A. Makaliwe; Eugenia Mardanugraha; Zahra Kemala Nindita Murad
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science Vol. 2 No. 4 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1010.404 KB) | DOI: 10.55324/ijoms.v2i4.414

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The research aims to find out a number of things in terms of macro and micro data that affect the condition of the financial performance of Credit union in all provinces in Indonesia both in terms of internal factors and external factors both in terms of microeconomics and macroeconomics. Therefore, the assessment of the financial performance of Credit union throughout Indonesia has an important role to play in terms of profitability ratios which are influenced by a number of variables. Empirical evidence in this study shows that the total assets, the age of the cooperative and the number of members have a positive and significant relationship to the profitability ratio of return on assets of credit union in Indonesia. In addition, Number of Branches, Merger Activities have a negative influence and a significant relationship to the financial performance of credit union. Meanwhile, macroeconomic variables such as provincial GRDP do not have a significant relationship and influence on the activity performance of the return on asset profitability ratio of credit union. This finding has an important role in improving services to credit cooperative members who are SMEs so that they can increase their contribution to the percentage of economic growth.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION ON BANKING PROFITABILITY CASE STUDY OF BANKING IN INDONESIA Dian Rahmawati; Eugenia Mardanugraha
Jurnal Ekonomi Vol. 12 No. 02 (2023): Jurnal Ekonomi, Perode April - Juni 2023
Publisher : SEAN Institute

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Banking is part of the financial system which has an important role to fund economic activities through its intermediary activities. Soundness of banking performance can be seen from the resilience of its capital to absorb risks. Meanwhile, capital is derived from several main components, including profit. In order to increase their capital, banks also make various efforts to increase profitability, including diversification of sources of income, especially from services charge. For this reason, this study examines whether income diversification affects the profit (profitability) of banking. In addition, this study also analyze other factors that affect bank profitability over the period of July 2018 – June 2022. This study uses data off all bank that operating in Indonesia as of June 2022 using generalized method of moment (GMM). The results of the study show that income diversification has a negative impact on banking profitability (ROA and ROE) and there are other variables that have a negative effect, that are third party funds and digital banking services. Meanwhile, credit and GDP growth have a positive effect on profitability. Based on KBMI, income diversification at KBMI 2 and KBMI 3 have a positive effect on profitability. However, KBMI 3 needs to pay attention to the impact of securities and foreign exchange transactions which cause a decrease in profitability. Whereas at KBMI 1, non-interest income has a negative effect and on KBMI 4, there is no significant effect. Meanwhile, other income, which is the main component of non-interest income, has no significant effect on profitability
Trade Policies Support for Palm Oil Downstreaming in Indonesia Saleh Husin; Chandra Wijaya; Hanief Saha Ghafur; T.M. Zakir Machmud; Eugenia Mardanugraha
JEJAK: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Vol 16, No 2 (2023): September 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jejak.v16i2.47199

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The optimal trade policies are essential to determine the balance between international trade liberalization and protection in order to advance palm oil. Protection is carried out by limiting the export of CPO, while the liberalization applies to raw supporting materials that are not produced in Indonesia. However, the export limitations need to be implemented carefully to avoid counterproductivity to the palm oil industry. This study recommended necessary trade policies to enhance palm oil downstreaming, as well as assessed existing efforts and current policies. This study estimated that a 5% reduction in upstream product export and a 15% increase in downstream product export could rise Indonesian foreign exchange earnings by approximately 7 million USD annually. Descriptive statistics and value-added calculations were employed in this study. Indonesia should restrict the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) towards the countries that exclusively involved in the palm oil trade, guaranteeing that Indonesian palm oil products reach nations where they are utilized. To protect palm oil downstreaming industries, including food, cosmetics, detergents, chemicals, and animal feed, it is vital to regulate imports. Furthermore, strategic trade policies should be enacted to facilitate the export of these refined products. Strengthened negotiation and diplomatic capabilities are also indispensable. 
Economic Impact of Imposing Excise Tax on Plastic Bottles of Drinks Mardanugraha, Eugenia
Economics and Finance in Indonesia Vol. 63, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This research simulates the effect of imposing excise tax on plastic container of drinks towards economic performance of beverage industry in Indonesia and governments ´Zs tax revenue. The results showed that by imposing excise tax on plastic cups and plastic bottles the government would lose tax revenue from value added tax (PPN) and corporate income tax (PPh badan) more than they gain additional revenue from excise tax. Hence, imposing excise tax on drink containers should serve a clear purpose and an undeniable reason. This paper recommends the government to develop proper excise infrastructure to extend the goods or services to be taxed. This paper also recommends the required stages for extending the excise tax.
Indonesian's Position in the World Vegetable Oil Trade Saleh Husin; Chandra Wijaya; Hanief Saha Ghafur; Eugenia Mardanugraha; T. M. Zakir Machmud
Economics Development Analysis Journal Vol 12 No 4 (2023): Economics Development Analysis Journal
Publisher : Economics Development Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/edaj.v12i4.75154

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Indonesia's position as the largest vegetable oil producer is very strong in the world trade. Nonetheless, the Netherlands and Malaysia trade the Indonesian palm oil, which leads to a significant generation of profits. This research demonstrates the role of Indonesia in the global trade of vegetable oil. It illustrates the rivalry among vegetable oil producers and exporters and the dependence of vegetable oil importers on Indonesia. The annual volume data of vegetable oil production, export, and import sourced from FAO STAT in 2010-2020 were used. The data were processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Palm oil is the most widely acquired vegetable oil. The production of this oil is plentiful, and its price is the most economical compared to other vegetable oils. Soybean oil was the main competitor of palm oil, with the primary producers being China and the United States. The negative campaign against Indonesian palm oil could not weaken Indonesia's competitiveness in the global vegetable oil trade. Indonesia should limit palm oil exports to Europe and Malaysia while increasing exports to countries that only use it for domestic consumption. Coconut oil had the most potential to increase vegetable oil production in Indonesia. Indonesia's prominence in the global trade of edible oil is supreme. However, this preeminent status may be deteriorated by nations engaged in the commerce of Indonesian palm oil. Therefore, Indonesia should continuously update the world vegetable oil trade map to emphasize the point and level of export elevation or reduction. Indonesia should also develop and increase the production of other vegetable oil products to strengthen its position in the world's oil trade.
Dana Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Keuangan Pemerintah terhadap Pihak Ketiga Bank Swasta Wijono, Setiawan; Mardanugraha, Eugenia
Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi Vol. 14, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The ability of Indonesia’s private banks to muster funds vary from one province to another. The test result from 33 provinces in Indonesia during 2011-2015 show that the ratio of GDP against BUDGETS, the private bank’s delivery channel ratio, and population density have a significant influence on the market share of private banks. When exclude DKI, the ratio of trade and services sector in regional GDP to bank deposits and the ratio of civil servants to the working population also have a significant effect. The ratio of APBD to GRDP gives a negative influence, while other variables contribute positively. Zoning policy forcing private banks to expand also networks in zone 5 and zone 6 which have not been great its potential. To provide incentives to private banks, the government need relaxes a few rules related to the exclusivity of state-owned banks. On the other hand private banks can focus on other variables that contribute positively to obtain optimal performance. Keywords: APBD, Regional GDP, private bank, BI zonation, OJK
Optimal Rules bagi Instrumen Kebijakan Moneter di Indonesia: Pengujian Empiris Model Guender Adnin, Zenathan; Mardanugraha, Eugenia
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia Vol. 9, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This study aims to test model developed by Guender (2002) in determining optimal rules for monetary policy instrument in Indonesia. The test is conducted by estimating parameters of IS equation and Forward Looking Phillips Curve. The result expected is rules for determining the optimal interest rate which is influenced by the gap between actual and targeted inflation. The result shows that in the era of inflation targeting the interest rate setting policy as monetary policy instrument has focus on output stability rather than inflation stability. Finally, the study concludes that the interest rate targeting as BI rate has not being optimal.