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Keefektifan Paket Teknologi Pengendalian Penggerek Buah Kakao (PBK) di Provinsi Bali Indriati, Gusti; Samsudin, Samsudin; Rubiyo, Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Hama penggerek buah kakao (PBK) (Conopomorpha cramerella Snell.) merupakan hama utama yang menyerang hampir seluruhperkebunan kakao di Indonesia, termasuk Bali. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan paket teknologi yang efektif untukmengendalikan PBK. Penelitian dilakukan pada areal kakao di kelompok Subak Abian Puncaksari, Kabupaten Tabanan, Provinsi Balidari tahun 2006 sampai 2009. Paket teknologi pengendalian PBK yang diuji ialah: P0 (teknologi petani), P1 (panen sering +penyarungan buah muda + pemangkasan), P2 (panen sering + pemangkasan + Beauveria bassiana), dan P3 (panen sering +pemangkasan + penyarungan buah muda + Beauveria basiana) dengan 5 ulangan. Setiap paket diintroduksikan kepada masing-masing 5petani pada lahan 0,5 ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paket teknologi P1 dan P3 merupakan paket teknologi pengendalianPBK yang efektif menurunkan tingkat dan intensitas serangan PBK dan menekan kehilangan hasil sampai 0%.Kata Kunci: Kakao, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.), pengendalianThe cocoa pod borer (CPB) caused by Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.) is one of major pests having attacked almost all cocoa plantations inIndonesian, including Bali. The aim of this research was to find out of CPB control technology in Tabanan Regency, the province of Bali. The studywas conducted at the group of Subak Abian Puncaksari, province of Bali during 2006 until 2009. The CPB control technology packages tested are P0(farmerâs technologies), P1 (frequent harvesting + pods sleeving + pruning), P2 (frequent harvesting + pruning + Beauveria bassiana), P3 (frequentharvesting + pruning + pods sleeving + B. bassiana. Each package was applied to cocoa plantations of 5 farmers having of 0.5 ha each. The resultsindicated that P1 and P3 packages can reduce the rate and intensity of CPB attack and reduce losses 0 percent.

Pengaruh Perlakuan Benih dan Media Tanam untuk Meningkatkan Vigor Bibit Kakao Hibrida Baharudin, Baharudin; Rubiyo, Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Bibit dengan vigor tinggi proses metabolik yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan menjadi aktif sehingga menghasilkan tanaman kakao dengan mutu fisiologis, fisik dan patologis yang baik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara perlakuan benih dengan menggunakan matriconditioning plus agens hayati dan media tanam untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dan vigor bibit kakao hibrida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Induk Benih Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia Jember, Laboratorium Benih IPB, Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Mikrobiologi Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia Bogor, pada bulan Juli 2009 sampai April 2010. Penelitian terdiri atas dua faktor dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Faktor pertama adalah perlakuan benih dan faktor kedua adalah media tanam. Penelitian menggunakan benih kakao dari hasil persilangan buatan antara UIT 1 x Sca 6. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih kakao hibrida yang diperlakukan dengan matriconditioning + agens hayati dan ditanam dalam media tanah, pasir, dan kompos (2:1:1) + agens hayati, memiliki pertumbuhan tinggi bibit, bobot kering akar, bobot kering bibit, serta kandungan N dan P pada daun yang lebih tinggi. Benih yang diperlakukan dengan matriconditioning + agens hayati menghasilkan pertumbuhan jumlah daun, diameter batang, luas daun, dan panjang akar yang lebih tinggi. Perlakuan media tanah, pasir, dan kompos (2:1:1) + T. harzianum DT/38 dan T. pseudokoningii DT/39 menghasilkan pertumbuhan diameter batang, luas daun, jumlah akar, panjang akar dan kandungan K daun yang lebih tinggi.Kata Kunci: Theobroma cacao, agens hayati, benih hibrida, matriconditioning, media tanamGood planting materials both genetically and physiologically are needed to obtain optimal growth and production of cocoa trees. It is however often found suboptimal growth of the crops in the fields be likely due to the cocoa seedlings used are not provided well. A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of seed treatments and growth medium to improve the health and the vigor of cocoa seedlings. The study was conducted at Parent Seed Garden of Indonesian Research Center for Coffee and Cocoa in Jember, IPB Seed Laboratory and Microbiology Laboratory and green house of Indonesian Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops, Bogor, from July 2009 to April 2010. The factors examined consists two factors arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replicates. The first factor is seed treatments, 2 levels: (1) untreated (control) and (2) seedlings treated with matriconditioning + bio control agents (T. harzianum and T. pseudokoningii, density of 106 spores/ml). The second factros is growth medium (composition of soil and others) consisting of 6 levels: (1) soil; (2) soil:san (2:1); (3) soil:compost (2:1); (4) soil:sand:compost (2:1:1); (5) soil:compost (2:1) + T. harzianum and T. Pseudokoningii, density of 106 spores/ml; (6) soil:sand:compost (2:1:1) + T. harzianum and T. Pseudokoningii, density of 106 spores/ml each. Results showed that seeds treated with matriconditioning + bio control agents planted on growth medium of soil, sand, and compost (2:1:1) + bio control agents yielded better performance in height of seedlings, dry weight of root, dry weight of seedlings, also N and P content in leaf. Seeds treated with matriconditioning + bio control agents yielded better performance in number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, and root length. Growth medium of soil, sand, compost (2:1:1) + T. harzianum and T. Pseudokoningii DT/39 treatment yielded better performance in stem diameter, leaf area, number of root, and K content in leaf.

Pengaruh Komposisi Media terhadap Pembentukan Kalus Embriogenesis Somatik Kopi Arabika ( Coffea arabica ) Ibrahim, Meynarti Sari dewi; Sudarsono, Sudarsono; Rubiyo, Rubiyo; Syafaruddin, Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Induksi embrio somatik pada kopi arabika (Coffea arabica) dengan menggunakan beberapa zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) telah berhasil dilakukan. Pengaruh komposisi media terutama kombinasi antara jenis ZPT yang berbeda dan tanggap genotipe tanaman dilaporkan sangat bervariasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian 2,4-D dan kinetin dalam proses pembentukan dan pertumbuhan kalus embriogenik asal daun. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan (Puslitbangbun) Agustus 2011 sampai Januari 2012. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah daun dari kopi arabika varietas Sigarar Utang yang merupakan tanaman koleksi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 ulangan, masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari 5 eksplan. Peubah yang diamati, meliputi persentasi kalus yang terbentuk, morfologi kalus, berat basah kalus, dan jumlah globular. Hasil menunjukkan semua perlakuan dapat membentuk kalus, pertambahan berat eksplan tertinggi diperoleh pada media kombinasi 2,4-D 1 mg/l atau 2 mg/l dan kinetin 1 sampai 4 mg/l. Embrio somatik terbanyak diperoleh pada media yang diberi 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l dan kinetin 1 mg/l. Selain kalus, massa proembrio dan embrio, juga terbentuk akar adventif yang jumlahnya tidak nyata antar perlakuan.Â The Effect of Composition Media to Callus Formation of Somaticembryogenesis of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica)ABSTRACT Induction of somatic embryos with plant growth regulators (PGR) has successfully performed in arabica coffee. However, the influence of media composition combined with different PGR, explants and genotype of plants is widely various in response yields. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of 2,4-D and kinetine in process of formation and growth of embryogenic callus developed from leaves of arabica coffee. The studiy was carried out at a laboratory of Indonesian Research Center for Estate Crops (Puslitbangbun) from August 2011 to January 2012. Plant materials used are coffee leaves var. Sigarar Utang taken from a germplasm collection of the crop grown at Pakuwon Research Station, Indonesian Research Institute for Industry Crops (Balittri) located at Sukabumi, West Java. A completely randomized design with 5 replications and plot size of five explants was used. Parameters observed are percentage of callus formation, morphology of the callus, fresh weight of callus, and number of globular. Results show that all treatments examined are able to form callus. The highest increase in weight of explants was obtained from the media treated with 2,4-D (conc. of 1mg/l or 2 mg/l) and kinetin (conc. of 1 to 4 mg/l). While, the most number of somatic embryo formed was obtained from those of treated with 2,4-D 0.5 mg/l and kinetin 1 mg/l. In addition to callus formation, proembryo mass, embryo and adventive roots were also formed in spite of not significant between different the treatments.

Pendugaan Daya Gabung dan Heritabilitas Beberapa Karakter Agronomis pada Populasi Generasi F1 Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Tresniawati, Cici; Dani, Dani; Wicaksono, Ilham Nur Ardi; Rubiyo, Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Informasi mengenai parameter genetik diperlukan sebagai dasar penentuan tetua dalam perakitan varietas hibrida. Penelitian inibertujuan mengetahui daya gabung umum (DGU) dan daya gabung khusus (DGK) tetua dari 10 populasi F1 kakao hasil persilangandialel 5 x 5 tanpa selfing dan tanpa resiprok. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan (KP.) Sumber Asin, Malang, Jawa Timurdari bulan April sampai Oktober 2013. Tetua yang digunakan adalah DR1 (kakao edel) dan ICCRI 03, TSH 858, ICS 13, dan Sca 6(kakao lindak). Karakter yang diamati adalah lingkar batang, tinggi jorket, persentase tanaman berbunga, dan persentase tanamanberbuah. Data karakter tersebut dianalisis ragamnya menggunakan metode Griffing 4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan klon TSH 858memiliki efek DGU paling tinggi untuk karakter lingkar batang dan persentase tanaman berbunga, sedangkan klon Sca 6 untuk tinggijorket. Kedua klon tersebut berpotensi untuk dijadikan tetua persilangan dalam pembentukan varietas sintetis. Nilai DGK palingtinggi ditunjukkan oleh kombinasi tetua DR 1 x Sca 6 untuk karakter lingkar batang, persentase tanaman berbunga, dan persentasetanaman berbuah, sedangkan kombinasi TSH 858 x DR 1 memperlihatkan nilai paling tinggi untuk karakter tinggi jorket. Keduakombinasi tetua tersebut potensial dijadikan alternatif dalam perakitan varietas hibrida.Kata kunci: Kakao mulia, kakao lindak, Daya Gabung Khusus, Daya Gabung Umum, Griffing 4, heritabilitasKnowledge about genetic parameters is important for plant breeders as a basis for determining potential parent in hybrid breeding programs. Theobjectives of this study was to evaluate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in F1 population of cocoa derived fromdiallel crossing of 5 x 5 without selfing and reciprocal. The experiment was conducted at the Sumber Asin experimental station, Malang, East Java,from April to October 2013. The parental clones used are ICCRI 03, TSH 858, Sca 6, ICS 13 (bulk cacao) dan DR 1 (fine cacao). Observations onagronomic characters including trunk girth, jorquette height, percent of flowering, and percent of fruiting were carried out on individual plants.Variance analysis was perfomed by Griffing Method type 4. The result showed that TSH 858 clone has the highest GCA effect on trunk girth andpercent of flowering (TSH 858), while Sca 6 clone was significant only for jorquette height. Both of those clones would be potential as parent inassembling new variety, particularly to gain the large trunk girth and high jorquette. On the other hand, the highest SCA value indicated by thecombination of DR 1 x Sca 6 for trunk girth, percent of flowering and percent of fruiting, whereas the combination of TSH 858 x DR 1 showed thehighest value for jorquette height. Both of these parent combinations are prospective as an alternative in the assembly of new hybrid varieties.

Pengaruh Teknologi Fermentasi terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Biji dan Pendapatan Petani Kakao Djauhari, Achmad; Hasibuan, Abdul Muis; Rubiyo, Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 3 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Tanaman kakao merupakan komoditas utama bagi para petani di Kabupaten Tabanan Bali dan telah lama diusahakan. Mutu dan produktivitas kakao di Tabanan umumnya masih rendah, hal ini disebabkan oleh teknologi budidaya yang masih konvensional dan adanya serangan hama dan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh fermentasi terhadap peningkatan kualitas biji kakao dan pendapatan petani. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode observasi di Desa Mundeh Kauh, Kecamatan Selemadeg Barat, Kabupaten Tabanan dari tahun 2006 sampai 2009 dengan melibatkan satu kelompok Subak Abian (25 petani) dengan total luas areal 10 hektar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi fermentasi mampu menghasilkan kualitas biji kakao yang lebih baik. Pendapatan petani yang menerapkan teknologi fermentasi lebih besar dibandingkan yang tidak menerapkan teknologi fermentasi, demikian juga halnya dengan tingkat kelayakan finansialnya.Kata Kunci: Kakao, fermentasi, kualitas biji, pendapatan petaniCacao is a major commodity for farmers in Tabanan regency of Bali and had long been cultivated. The quality and productivity of cacao in Tabanan generally low caused by still using the conventional technology and pests and disease attack. The objectives of this study was to analyze the effect of fermentation technology for increasing the quality of cocoa beans and farmers income. The observation method involving the Subak Abian Group (25 farmers with a total area of 10 ha) in Mundeh Kauh Village, West Selemadeg, Tabanan District from 2006 until 2009 was used in this study. Result showed that fermentation technology was able to produce a better quality of cocoa beans. Income of farmers who applying fermentation technology was greater than the farmers who did not apply fermentation technology. The application of fermentation technology can significantly improve the financial feasibility.

Inovasi Teknologi Perbaikan Bahan Tanam Kakao di Indonesia Rubiyo, Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 3 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Tanaman kakao merupakan komoditas utama sub sektor perkebunan di Indonesia. Komoditas ini merupakan sumber devisa negara, penyedia lapangan kerja, sekaligus juga bermanfaat untuk konservasi tanah dan air. Sebagian besar tanaman kakao diusahakan dalam bentuk perkebunan rakyat yang mencapai 93% pada tahun 2010 dengan tingkat produktivitas 750 kg biji kering/ha/tahun. Rendahnya produktivitas kakao di Indonesia disebabkan oleh rendahnya kualitas bahan tanaman, serangan hama dan penyakit, dan penerapan teknologi budidaya yang tidak standar. Varietas dan klon kakao unggul yang tersedia saat ini meliputi varietas mulia dan lindak. Varietas-varietas dan klon unggul tersebut memiliki potensi produksi cukup tinggi, berkisar 1,5-2 ton/ha/tahun, tetapi masih rentan terhadap cekaman biotik, yaitu hama dan penyakit. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutu hasil kakao di Indonesia, masih diperlukan varietas unggul yang tahan terhadap cekaman biotik tersebut baik yang berupa hibrida F1 maupun klonal. Perakitan varietas dan klon kakao dapat dilakukan melalui pendekatan konvensional dan inkonvensional. Secara konvensional perakitan bahan tanam kakao dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan persilangan untuk menghasilkan benih kakao hibrida secara biklonal maupun poliklonal. Pendekatan inkonvesional dengan memanfaatkan teknik molekuler dapat mempersingkat daur seleksi tanaman kakao.Kata Kunci: Kakao, produktivitas, perbaikan klon, hibridaCacao is a main crops commodity in Indonesia. It is one of the source of national income, providing employment opportunities, also as land and water conservation. Most cacao cultivation are in small holders, which reached 93% in 2010 with productivity rate of 750 kg of dried beans/ha/year. The low productivity is due to low quality of plant materials, pest and disease attack, and unstandarized cultivation technology. Available superior varieties and cacao clones which commonly in use today are fine cocoa and bulk cocoa. Both have high production potentials, ranging from 1.5-2 tonnes/ha/year, but susceptive to pest and disease attack. To increase productivity and yield quality of cacao requires superior variety that is resistant to biotic stress, either F1 hybrid or clonal. The assembling of cacao varieties and clones can be done through conventional and inconventional methods. Inconventional approach using molecular technology can shorten the selection cycle of cacao plants.

The Induction of Primary and Secondary Somatic Embryo to Support Arabica Coffee Propagation Ibrahim, Meynarti Sari Dewi; Hartati, Raden Roro Sri; Rubiyo, Rubiyo; Purwito, Agus; Sudarsono, Sudarsono
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol 2 No 3 (2015): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

The primary and secondary somatic embryogenesis can be used to propagate Coffea arabica L clonally. However, the success of this propagation was depended on plant growth regulator and varieties. This study aimed to examine the possibility of 2,4-D and thidiazuron application to form primary and secondary somatic embryo to support Arabica coffee clonal propagation. The study consisted of two activities (1) 2,4-D and thidiazuron Application to Induce Primary Somatic Embryogenesis of Arabica Coffee and (2) The Application of thidiazuron in Solid and Semi-Solid Media to Induce Secondary Somatic Embryos. The results indicated significant effect of varieties and plant growth regulator on fresh weight, number of torpedo and germinated embryo. However, it showed no significant effect on callus formation percentage. The best medium to induce primary somatic embryogenesis depending on variety, on the treatment of 4.52 μM 2,4 -D +18.16 μM thidiazuron was the best for AS2K and Sigarar Utang varieties, S 795 at 4.52 μM 2,4-D + 9.08 μM thidiazuron, whereas Kartika at 4.52 μM 2.4-D + 13.62 μM thidiazuron. The morphology of coffee somatic embryo was normal. Primary somatic embryo was developed indirectly, whereas the secondary somatic embryo was directly. The application of 9.08 μM thidiazuron increased the percentage and number of secondary somatic embryos, hence enhancing number of Arabica coffee planlet. Keywords : Coffea arabica L, 2,4-D, thidiazuron, semi-solid media, Indirect somatic embryogenesis

Pancasila Restoration as the National Philosophy Rubiyo, Rubiyo
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol 2 No 1 (2016): L. Research Rev. Q. (February 2016) "Pancasila and Global Ideology: Challenges an
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/snh.v2i01.21400

Pancasila is not only a unifying and strengthening of the Indonesian nation, but also a living value in the midst of a pluralistic society. The long history of the Indonesian people provides an extraordinary and great experience, especially in terms of maintaining wholeness and harmony in diversity. Pancasila as the philosophy of life of the Indonesian people is not just five precepts, but rather the manifestation of real implementation and penetrates into every aspect of national and state life.

Genetic Diversity of Yellow and Red Berries Arabica Coffee Populations Grown in a Mix Populations in Garut, West Java, Indonesia, Based on SSR Markers Cahyono, Andy Agus; Ardie, Sintho Wahyuning; Rubiyo, Rubiyo; Sudarsono, Sudarsono
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.207-216

Farmers in Garut, West Java, grow mixed varieties of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Subsequently, they use harvested beans as seeds. Intercrossing among varieties may result in hybrid progenies and harvesting hybrid progenies as seed results in genetic variations. This research aims to evaluate the genetic diversity of Arabica coffee grown in a mixed population. Ninety-one Arabica coffees comprised 37 Arabica cv. “Ahernt GRT KN” (yellow-), 45 “Sigararutang” (red-), and nine “S795” (red berries) were sampled. Twenty SSR primer pairs were validated using 15 samples representing three varieties; six were polymorphic and used to genotype 91 Arabica accessions. Genetic data were analyzed using PowerMaker 3.25 and Darwin version 6 software. The results showed that the six SSR loci generated from 2 – 3 alleles, with an average of 2.17 alleles per locus. Genetic analysis of Arabica coffee from Garut, West Java, generated SSR markers with an average PIC of 0,33 across loci and varieties. The PIC within Arabica coffee cv. “Ahernt GRT KN” and “Sigararutang” were low, and within “S795” was moderate. Those PICs indicate the presence of more genetic diversity within “S795” than the other two cultivars. The Ho across Arabica coffee cv. “Sigararutang” and “S795” were lower than the He values, confirming their self-pollination nature. However, the Ho values of Arabica coffee cv. “Ahernt GRT KN” was larger than the others, indicating the presence of residual heterozygosity and a low percentage of recent outcrossing. The low Ho values of “Sigararutang” suggest that Arabica coffee is homozygous. Arabica coffee cv. “S795” also showed a low Ho value, but its moderate He value indicates the presence of more genetic diversity than the othercultivars.

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