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All Journal Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature English Language Teaching Methodology (ELTM)
Ika Sastrawati
Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Indonesia
Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Analyzing Students’ Critical Thinking Pattern in Writing Argumentative Paragraph Based on Stephen Toulmin Theory Ika Sastrawati; Uyunnasirah Hambali; Andi Bulkis Maghfirah Mannong; Haslinda Haslinda
Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo

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Abstract

This study aims to examine students' critical thinking patterns in writing argumentative paragraphs using the argumentative patterns developed by Stephen Toulmin. This study used qualitative approach. To collect the data, the instrument used was students’ writing on the Academic Writing class. Hence, the third semester students were involved as the participants. Then, the collected data were analyzed focusing on the Stephen Toulmin Theory which divides the argument into six stages; claim, ground, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. The result of this study revealed that by focusing on Stephen Toulmin's argumentative theory, students could hone their ability to think critically. This is because the elements on Stephen Toulmin’s theory were proved to strengthen students’ writing.
Boosting Students’ Vocabulary Mastery: How Effective Is the Frayer Model? Nur Hawalia Anugrah; Ardiana; Ika Sastrawati
English Language Teaching Methodology Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): English Language Teaching Method
Publisher : FKIP Unismuh Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56983/eltm.v5i3.1737

Abstract

Vocabulary mastery remains a persistent challenge for Indonesian senior high school students, necessitating effective instructional strategies. This study investigates the effectiveness of the Frayer Model in improving students’ vocabulary mastery at SMAN 14 Gowa. Employing a pre-experimental quantitative design, the study involved 36 tenth-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a 20-item vocabulary test administered as pre-test and post-test, covering nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Over six instructional meetings, the Frayer Model was implemented to facilitate concept definition, example analysis, and contextual application. Statistical analysis using SPSS 24 revealed a significant improvement in students’ vocabulary scores, with the mean increasing from 67.22 to 82.22. The t-test results confirmed the model’s effectiveness (t-count = −9.065 > t-table = 2.030). This study contributes empirical evidence supporting the Frayer Model as a practical and effective approach to vocabulary instruction in EFL classrooms.
Co-Authors Andi Bulkis Maghfirah Mannong Ardiana Haslinda Haslinda Nur Hawalia Anugrah Uyunnasirah Hambali